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1.
Rev. Fund. Educ. Méd. (Ed. impr.) ; 23(3): 141-149, mayo-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193881

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fidelidad es un elemento crucial, pero difuso, en los programas de simulación clínica. Es común que se la defina en base a preguntas de satisfacción, con enfoques subjetivos y pequeños tamaños de muestra. Se necesitan instrumentos de medición validados para una consideración más objetiva de fidelidad en escenas con participantes simulados o con maniquíes y en entornos sofisticados o no. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Los indicadores se definieron mediante búsqueda bibliográfica de temas afines en artículos publicados en revistas indizadas, con las palabras clave 'fidelidad', 'realismo', 'verosimilitud' y 'alta, media y baja fidelidad', cruzadas con 'simulación clínica', en castellano e inglés. Esta es la primera fase, conceptual, de una investigación que validará formularios universales para medir la fidelidad. RESULTADOS: Se conceptualizaron tres dimensiones generales donde medir la fidelidad. A cada dimensión se le asignaron unidades específicas que se desglosaron en indicadores agrupados en tres variables de uso sistémico. La unidad mínima de medición fue el indicador. Se designaron tasadores múltiples y diferentes para cada dimensión. CONCLUSIONES: Los indicadores permiten aclarar los términos fidelidad/realismo para su uso estandarizado, definen y hacen medibles las diferentes expresiones de realismo, permiten prever y obtener el verdadero coste/beneficio de la inversión en la reproducción fiel de los entornos por parte de las instituciones, permiten describir la trazabilidad de la fidelidad ingeniera en los productos biotecnológicos y posibilitan que los activos y productos de la simulación sean validados por expertos clínicos con fundamento científico, reduciendo los sesgos por desconocimiento o indefinición


INTRODUCTION: Fidelity is a crucial, but diffuse, element in clinical simulation programs. It is commonly defined based on satisfaction questions, with subjective approaches and small sample sizes. Validated measuring instruments are needed for more objective consideration of fidelity in scenes with simulated participants and/or mannequins and in sophisticated or non-sophisticated environments. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The indicators were defined by a bibliographic search of related topics in articles published in indexed journals with the keywords 'fidelity', 'realism', and 'high, medium and low fidelity' crossed with 'healthcare simulation', in Spanish and English. This is the first phase, conceptual, of a deeper research that will validate universal forms to measure fidelity. RESULTS: Three general dimensions were conceptualized to measure fidelity. Each dimension was assigned specific units that were broken down into indicators grouped into three systemic use variables. The minimum unit of measurement was the indicator. Multiple and different appraisers were designated for each dimension. CONCLUSIONS: The indicators make possible to clarify the terms fidelity/realism for their standardized use. They define and make measurable the different expressions of realism. They make it possible to foresee and obtain the true cost/benefit of the investment in the faithful reproduction of the environments by the institutions. They make it possible to describe the traceability of the engineering fidelity in biotechnology products. They also make possible that the assets and products of the simulation are validated by clinical experts with a scientific basis, reducing the biases due to lack of knowledge or lack of definition


Assuntos
Humanos , Treinamento com Simulação de Alta Fidelidade/métodos , Treinamento com Simulação de Alta Fidelidade/normas , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Educação Médica/métodos , Simulação de Paciente , Treinamento com Simulação de Alta Fidelidade/organização & administração , Treinamento com Simulação de Alta Fidelidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Treinamento por Simulação/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação Médica/organização & administração
2.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(1): 69-73, ene.-abr. 2016. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152747

RESUMO

Actualmente, la caries continúa siendo un importante problema en Salud Pública, no sólo por su repercusión en el estado de salud general, sino también, por los altos gastos sanitarios y sociales que genera. En menores de 6 años y en dentición temporal, sólo disponemos de los datos nacionales obtenidos de la única Encuesta Nacional de Salud Oral en preescolares, promovida por el Consejo General de Dentistas de España en el año 2007 y cuyos resultados evidencian una prevalencia de caries del 17% a los tres años y del 26,2% a los 4 años de edad. La mejora de la atención bucodental infantil, se debe en parte, a programas específicos de salud oral en nuestro territorio nacional, siendo la población preescolar una excepción. Por todo ello, serían necesarios realizar nuevos estudios epidemiológicos a edades más precoces y en todo el ámbito nacional para así determinar la necesidad de programas de salud oral destinados a esta población infantil (AU)


Currently, caries remains a major public health problem, not only for its impact on the overall health status but also because of the high health and social costs generated. In children under 6 years and temporal dentition, we just have the national data of the National Survey of Oral health in preschool, promoted by the General Council of Dentists of Spain in 2007 and whose results show a caries prevalence of 17% at three years and 26.2% at 4 years old. The improvement in child oral health care is partly due to specific oral health programs in our country, with the exception of the preschool population. Therefore, it would be necessary to make new epidemiological studies in younger ages and throughout the national level to determine the need for oral health programs aimed at the children (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Assistência Odontológica/organização & administração , Serviços de Odontologia Escolar/organização & administração , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Certificado de Necessidades , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração
3.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 83(3): 415-25, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19701573

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The effect of the fluoride in the caries prevention is strongly linked to its topical action. When the fluoride is ingested, its anticaries effect is weak and, in addition, it can cause side effects such as dental fluorosis in children. The toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice is a suitable procedure to provide the topical fluoride, but in small children there is risk of inadvertent swallowing. The main goal of this study is to quantify the fluoride levels in urine after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice. METHODS: A sample of 115 children between 5 to 8 years was randomly selected. The pH, as well as creatinine and fluoride levels were analyzed in the urine excreted before and two hours after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice. The fluoride/creatinine (F/Cr) ratio was used to minimize the variations of the fluoride levels in urine due to the different rates of secretion. For the statistical analysis, the average, the standard deviation and the T test were used for the variables with normal distributions, and nonparametric tests were applied for the variables with non normal distribution. RESULTS: The average amount of dentifrice was 1192 mg (SD: 421). The variables pH and creatinine showed similar values in the two samples of urine analyzed (pH: 6,35 and 6,36; creatinine: 0,76 g/l and 0,81 g/l). Nevertheless, the F/Cr ratio increased significantly after toothbrushing, ranging from 0.61 to 1.25 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fluoride dentifrice is related to a significant increase of the fluoride concentration in urine in children.


Assuntos
Fluoretos/metabolismo , Cremes Dentais , Absorção , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Fluoretos/urina , Humanos , Masculino
4.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 6(2): 85-92, mayo-ago. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74082

RESUMO

Los productos fluorados de acción tópica, en particular los dentífricos, colutorios y barnices, tienen un efecto preventivo contra la caries bien demostrado, pero en niños pequeños comportan el riesgo de deglución inadvertida o deliberada. Los autores diseñaron dos estudios para demostrarla penetración sistémica del flúor tras el cepillado con un dentífrico fluorado (Estudio A) y tras el enjuague con un colutorio (Estudio B) por medio de la cuantificación en orina del ión flúor en una amplia muestra de niños. En este trabajo se ofrecen los resultados del estudio A y se discute la trascendencia y posibles aplicaciones prácticas de sus hallazgos. Método. En una muestra de 115 niños de 5 a 8años seleccionados aleatoriamente se analizaron los niveles de pH, creatinina, y flúor en la orina excretada antes del cepillado con dentífrico fluorado y 2 horas después. Los niños se sirvieron la pasta según su criterio. Se utilizó la razón flúor/creatinina(F/Cr) para minimizar las variaciones del flúor en orina debidas a las diferentes tasas de secreción. Resultados: La cantidad media de pasta utilizada fue 1.192 mg (DT:421). Los niveles de flúor y la razón F/Cr aumentaron significativamente tras el cepillado, pasando de 0,42 a 0,92 mg/l y de 0,61a 1,25 mg/g respectivamente, manteniéndose constantes los otros parámetros evaluados Conclusiones. El uso de un dentífrico fluorado se asocia con un aumento significativo de la concentración de flúor en la orina del niño, lo que presumiblemente se debe a deglución inadvertida o voluntaria (AU)


The topic action fluoride products, particularly dentrifices, mouth rinses and varnishes, have a well demostrated effect in the caries prevention, but in small children there is risk of inadvertent or deliberate swallowing. The authors designed two studies to demostrate the systemic penetration of the fluoride ion after tooth brushing with a fluoride dentifrice (Study A) and after mouth rising with a fluoride mouth rinse (Study B) by means of the measurement of urinary fluoride levels in a big sample of children. In this article we show the results of the first study and discuss the implications and possible practical applications of the findings. Methods: A sample of 115 children between 5 to8 years was randomly selected. The pH, as well as creatinine and fluoride levels were analyzed in the urine excreted before and two hours after tooth brushing with fluoride dentifrice. The fluoride/creatinine (F/Cr) ratio was used to minimize the variations of the fluoride levels in urine due to the different rates of secretion. Results: The average amount of dentifrice was 1192mg (SD: 421). The F/Cr ratio increased significantly after tooth brushing, ranging from 0.61 to 1.25 mg/g. pH and creatinine showed similar values in the two samples of urine analyzed. Conclusions: The use of fluoride dentifrice is related to a significant increase of the fluoride concentration in urine in children, probably due to the inadvertent or deliberate swallowing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Fluoretação/efeitos adversos , Deglutição , Creatinina/efeitos adversos , Urinálise , Espanha
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 83(3): 415-425, mayo-jun. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-77148

RESUMO

Fundamento: El efecto del flúor en la prevención de la caries está vinculado con su acción tópica. Cuando es ingerido, su efecto anticaries es escaso y, además, puede llegar a provocar efectos indeseables, entre ellos la fluorosis dental en el niño. El cepillado con pastas fluoradas es un procedimiento adecuado para vehicular el flúor tópico, pero en niños pequeños comporta riesgo de deglución inadvertida. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la cantidad de flúor que aparece en orina después del cepillado con dentífrico fluorado.Métodos. En una muestra de 115 niños de 5 a 8 años seleccionados aleatoriamente se analizaron los niveles de pH, creatinina, y flúor en la orina excretada antes del cepillado con dentífrico fluorado y 2 horas después. Se utilizó la razón flúor/creatinina (F/Cr) para minimizar las variaciones del flúor en orina debidas a las diferentes tasas de secreción. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron la media, la desviación típica y el test T para las variables con distribuciones normales y pruebas no paramétricas para las variables con distribución no normal.Resultados: La cantidad media de pasta utilizada fue1.192 mg (DT:421). Las variables pH y creatinina ofrecieron valores similares en las dos muestras de orina analizadas (pH: 6,35 y 6,36; creatinina: 0,76 g/l y 0,81 g/l). Sin embargo, la razón F/Cr aumentó significativamente tras el cepillado, pasando de 0,61 a 1,25 mg/g.Conclusiones: La utilización de un dentífrico fluorado se asocia con un aumento significativo de la concentración de flúor en la orina del niño (AU)


Background: The effect of the fluoride in the caries prevention is strongly linked to its topical action. When the fluoride is ingested, its anticaries effect is weak and, in addition, it can cause side effects such as dental fluorosis in children. The toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice is a suitable procedure to provide the topical fluoride, but in small children there is risk of inadvertent swallowing. The main goal of this study is to quantify the fluoride levels in urine after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice.Methods: A sample of 115 children between 5 to 8 years was randomly selected. The pH, as well as creatinine and fluoride levels were analyzed in the urine excreted before and two hours after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice. The fluoride/creatinine (F/Cr) ratio was used to minimize the variations of the fluoride levels in urine due to the different rates of secretion. For the statistical analysis, the average, the standard deviation and the T test were used for the variables with normal distributions, and nonparametric tests were applied for the variables with non normal distribution.Results: The average amount of dentifrice was 1192 mg (SD: 421). The variables pH and creatinine showed similar values in the two samples of urine analyzed (pH: 6,35 and 6,36; creatinine: 0,76 g/l and 0,81 g/l). Nevertheless, the F/Cr ratio increased significantly after toothbrushing, ranging from0.61 to 1.25 mg/g Conclusions: The use of fluoride dentifrice is related to a significant increase of the fluoride concentration in urine in children (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Saúde Bucal , Flúor , Flúor/efeitos adversos , Flúor , Fluoretos/urina , Fluoretos/efeitos adversos , Creatinina , Creatinina/urina , Fluorose Dentária , Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário , Cremes Dentais/efeitos adversos , Dentifrícios/efeitos adversos , Escovação Dentária , Teste de Complementação Genética
6.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 5(3): 239-246, sept.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70812

RESUMO

Con la denominación de Amelogénesis Imperfecta(AI) se define un grupo de enfermedades hereditarias heterogéneas clínica y genéticamente que se caracterizan por alteraciones del esmalte. También pueden observarse otras alteraciones orales y extraorales. La maloclusión más frecuente en estos pacientes es la mordida abierta. Algunos casos forman parte de un síndrome. Hasta el momento se han identificado mutaciones en cinco genes, AMELX, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20 yDLX3, que participan en la formación del esmalte normal, pero quedan otros por identificar. Los autores actualizan los conocimientos sobre la etiopatogenia, clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento interdisciplinar de la AI (AU)


Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective designation for a clinically and genetically diverse group of disorders displaying enamel malformations. Other oral and extraoral aberrations have been reported, and open bite is the most common malocclusion. Some cases present as a part of a syndrome. Mutations in five genes involved in normal enamel formation(AMELX, ENAM, MMP20, KLK4 and DLX3) have been identified as cause of amelogenesis imperfecta, but some others remain to be identified. This paper reviews current knowledge about etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment of AI (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Amelogênese Imperfeita/diagnóstico , Amelogênese Imperfeita/epidemiologia , Amelogênese Imperfeita/etiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Amelogênese Imperfeita/complicações , Amelogênese Imperfeita/fisiopatologia , Má Oclusão/complicações
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