RESUMO
El síndrome del atrapamiento de la arteria poplítea, es una entidad nosológica no muy frecuente que afecta no solo a la arteria,sino también el componente venoso y nervioso de los segmentos situados a nivel del hueco poplíteo. Es una patología originada porla compresión de estas estructuras por elementos musculoesqueléticos situados en esta región anatómica que pueden ocasionar unasintomatología mas o menos intensa por la lesión de las estructuras que se comprimen. Existen diferentes formas anatómicas loque soporta una clasificación morfológica. Es preciso realizar el diagnostico diferencial con otros procesos en base a la clínica y lasdiferentes pruebas de imagen que suelen ser fundamentales y decisivas para el diagnóstico. La base del tratamiento es la liberación de la zona eliminando los elementos estructurales compresivos. (AU)
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a rare nosological entity that affects not only the artery, but also the venous and nervouscomponent of the segments located at the level of the popliteal fossa. It is a pathology caused by the compression of these structuresby musculoskeletal elements located in this anatomical region that can cause more or less intense symptoms due to the injury of thestructures that are compressed. There are different anatomical forms which supports a morphological classification.It is necessary to carry out the differential diagnosis with other processes based on the clinic and the different imaging tests thatare usually fundamental and decisive for the diagnosis. The basis of the treatment is the liberation of the area, eliminating the compressive structural elements. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Artéria Poplítea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Veia Poplítea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Durante por más de dos siglos, los tercios españoles fueron la base de los ejércitos de España que participaron en numerosas batallas en las innumerables guerras en el que se vio envuelto el Imperio Español. Su organizador militar fue la base de sus triunfosque les hicieron merecedores de el termino de invencibles por su especial estrategia. La organización interna conllevaba un especialmétodo de asistencia sanitaria bien organizado con recursos y de efectividad para la época. Se analiza en el trabajo, la organización sanitaria los recursos disponibles, las enfermedades que se atendían tanto las comunes como las producidas en el campo debatalla por las diferentes armas de fuego como armas blancas y también de los efectos de la artillería como de las explosiones por el uso de la pólvora. (AU)
For more than two centuries, the Spanish Tercios were the base of the Spanish armies that participated in numerous battles in theinnumerable wars in which the Spanish Empire was involved. Their military organizer was the basis of their triumphs that madethem worthy of the term invincible for their special strategy. The internal organization entailed a special well-organized health caremethod with resources and effectiveness for the time. It is analyzed at work, the health organization, the available resources, thediseases that were treated, both the common ones and those produced on the battlefield by the different weapons, both firearms andbladed weapons, and also the effects of artillery and firearms. explosions due to the use of gunpowder. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Relacionadas à Guerra/história , Cirurgiões/história , MilitaresRESUMO
Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch, se le considera como uno de los cirujanos más relevantes de la primera mitad del siglo XX. De unapersonalidad carismática, desarrolló su actividad en diferentes hospitales universitarios destacando los de Zúrich, Múnich y especialmente el de la Charité de Berlín. Realizo importantes aportaciones en el campo de la cirugía torácica, del tratamiento de lahidrocefalia, de la cirugía tiroidea, de la cirugía oncológica además de otras aportaciones como fue la cámara de vacío para tenerla posibilidad de abrir el tórax e intervenir sus órganos o el desarrollo de una mano protésica fundamentalmente utilizable por losenfermos amputados en la I Guerra Mundial. Fue maestro de numerosos cirujanos alemanes y también de otros países. Su declivecomienza tras terminar la Segunda Guerra Mundial al intentar seguir operando sufriendo un progresivo deterioro mental. El otroaspecto polémico de su figura, se centra al haber participado de forma activa tanto desde el punto de vista social, académico eincluso político durante el régimen nacionalsocialista en Alemania. (AU)
Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch is considered as one of the most relevant surgeons of the first half of the twentieth century. With a charismatic personality, he developed his activity in different university hospitals, highlighting those of Zurich, Munich and especiallythat of the Charité in Berlin. I make important contributions in the field of thoracic surgery, the treatment of hydrocephalus, thyroidsurgery, and oncological surgery as well as other contributions such as the vacuum chamber to have the possibility of opening thethorax and intervening its organs or development of a prosthetic hand fundamentally usable by the amputee patients in World WarI. He was a teacher of numerous German surgeons and of other countries. Its decline begins after the end of World War II when tryingto continue operating suffering a progressive mental deterioration. The other controversial aspect of his figure, focuses on havingactively participated both socially, academically and even politically during the National Socialist regime in Germany. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , História da Medicina , Cirurgia Torácica/história , Cirurgia Torácica/métodos , Biografias como AssuntoRESUMO
La historia del perfil del cirujano como profesional de la medicina no se puede decir que data del principio de los tiempos como quizá pueda afirmarse de la del médico. El cirujano como tal se empezó a diferenciarse por esta actividad en la edad media por lotanto su historia data menos de 1000 años. Esta profesión nace con la realización de actividades consideradas quirúrgicas fundamentalmente al actuar sobre las dolencias con las manos o con instrumentos por parte de unos profesionales que se dedicaban a otras actividades como la barbería y que no tenían en general estudios médicos. Con el tiempo, el perfil del cirujano se fue acreditando en especial en el siglo XIX con la fundación de los Reales Colegios de Cirujanos en el mundo occidental, incluida España, hasta llegar al siglo XX al que se le ha reconocido y denominado como el siglo de los cirujanos. En siglo XXI se han empezado a desarrollar los denominados procedimientos terapéuticos y han sido desarrollados por la casi totalidad de especialidades, por lo que la figura del cirujano con el perfil de siglos anteriores se puede decir que esta en declive y algunos pensamos que puede llegar hasta su desaparición por lo menos con el perfil que ha tenido hasta casi el momento actual. (AU)
The history of the surgeons profile as a medical professional cannot be said to date from the beginning of time as perhaps that of the doctor can be said. The surgeon as such began to differentiate himself by this activity in the Middle Ages, therefore his history dates back less than 1000 years. This profession was born with the performance of activities considered surgical, fundamentally when acting on ailments with the hands or with instruments by professionals who were engaged in other activities such as barbershop and who generally did not have medical studies. Over time, the surgeons profile was credited especially in the 19th century with the founding of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in the Western world, including Spain, until the 20th century, which has been recognized and referred to as the 20th century. of surgeons. In the 21st century, the so-called therapeutic procedures have begun tobe developed and have been developed by almost all specialties, so that the figure of the surgeon with the profile of previous centuries can be said to be in decline and some of us think that it may go as far as his disappearance at least with the profile that he has had until almost the present moment. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Cirurgiões Barbeiros/história , Cirurgiões/história , Cirurgia Geral/história , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Doctors provide patients the information in written form by informed consents (IC), being the readability essential in the quality of care. The primary endpoint was to analyze the readability of IC published by the Chapter of Endovascular Surgery (CCEV) of the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (SEACV) in 2019, and its evolution to those published by the SEACV in 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ICs were organized by sectors and we obtained the following parameters: syllables, words, phrases, average words/phrases and syllables/words, Flesch, Flesch-Szigriszt, Fernández-Huerta and Gunning-Fog indexes, as well as the grade on the Inflesz scale. RESULTS: The Flesch index classified the CCEV consents as very difficult, and the Gunning-Fog index reflected a readability equivalent to university texts. The Flesch-Szigriszt, Fernández-Huerta indexes and Inflesz scale classified them as normal. The ICs with less readability were those referring to supra-aortic trunks (SAT) and miscellaneous in the Fernández-Huerta (P<.020 and P<.05, respectively) and Flesch-Szigriszt (P<.05) indexes. However, ICs regarding venous pathology showed a better readability in this indexes (P<.006). CCEV consents were significantly longer than SEACV consents (P=.021). In addition, there was a decrease over time in the mean value of the Fernandez-Huerta and Flesch-Szigriszt indexes (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: Although CCEV consents had a normal readability, it has been observed a decrease in the readability indexes compared to those published in 2007 by the SEACV. In addition the length and content of the ICs should be reviewed, especially those relating to SAT and miscellaneous.
Assuntos
Compreensão , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , HumanosRESUMO
El síndrome de apertura torácica superior por costilla cervical, es una patología no muy frecuente, ocasionada por la persistencia después del nacimiento de la última costilla cervical que debería haberse reabsorbido. La patología que origina, es comprensiva de las estructuras vecinas en especial nerviosas, pero también vasculares. Se manifiesta en pacientes jóvenes después de la adolescencia con una especial incidencia en el sexo femenino. El diagnóstico es sencillo si se piensa en esta causa como la etiológica del síndrome, con la realización de una simple radiografía de base de cuello para evidenciar su presencia, aunque es posible realizar otras complementarias. El tratamiento es la simple extirpación de la costilla que en la mayoría de las ocasiones resuelve el cuadro clínico. Se analiza en la publicación la experiencia de nuestro servicio hospitalario en los últimos diez años, analizando aspectos demográficos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y los resultados obtenidos
The syndrome of superior thoracic opening due to cervical rib is a not very frequent pathology, caused by the persistence after birth of the last cervical rib that should have been reabsorbed. The pathology that it originates is comprehensive of neighboring structures, especially nervous, but also vascular. It manifests itself in young patients after adolescence with a special incidence in the female sex. The diagnosis is simple if we think of this cause as the etiological cause of the syndrome, with a simple neck base X-ray to show its presence, although it is possible to perform other complementary ones. Treatment is the simple removal of the rib, which in most cases resolves the clinical picture. The experience of our Hospital Vascular Service in the last ten years is analyzed in the publication, analyzing demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and the results obtained
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Síndrome da Costela Cervical/etiologia , Síndrome da Costela Cervical/cirurgia , Costela Cervical/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome da Costela Cervical/diagnóstico por imagem , Costela Cervical/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , RadiografiaRESUMO
The profunda femoral or deep femoral artery physiologically supplies the tissue of the thigh. The profunda femoris artery is recog-nized the most important collateral vessel for bypassing the obstructed superficial femoral artery and is essential for maintaining limb viability.This paper shows the situation of the artery profunda femoris with superficial artery occlusion, with specific reference to the mor-phometric angiographic manifestations produced by impaired hemodynamics in the lower extremity. The morphologic and mor-phometric characteristics of profunda femoral artery are studied as expression of possible hemodynamic compensation through the hypertrophy of the vessel in the situation of occlusion of superficial femoral artery. This paper show, the situation of the artery profunda femoris with superficial artery occlusion, with specific reference to the mor-phometric angiographic manifestations produced by impaired homodynamic in the lower extremity. The morphologic and morpho-metric characteristics are studied as expression of physiopathology's characteristics of the profunda femoris artery with occlusion of the superficial femoral
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Artéria Femoral/patologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/patologia , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia , Ilustração Médica , Valores de Referência , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/patologia , Hemodinâmica , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: En las últimas dos décadas, las técnicas endovasculares han supuesto un avance sin precedentes en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las enfermedades vasculares. Sin embargo, dichas técnicas suponen una exposición a radiación ionizante tanto para los pacientes como para el equipo quirúrgico. Algunos estudios sugieren la realización de análisis citogenéticos de manera complementaria a la dosimetría habitual. No obstante, hasta la fecha los datos sobre las alteraciones genéticas producidas por la exposición crónica a dosis bajas de radiación son escasos. El presente estudio es parte del Iradient Study (Ionizing RADiation in ENdovascular Treatments) de inestabilidad genómica en angioIólogos y cirujanos vasculares (PI-18-967). El objetivo principal fue validar el análisis genómico mediante tinción de bandas GTG (G-banding by Trypsin with Giemsa) como marcador de alteraciones genómicas en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a dosis bajas de radiación ionizante. Material y Métodos. Estudio nacional, observacional y transversal de casos y controles de aneuploidias en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a bajas dosis de radiación ionizante versus controles no expuestos a radiación ionizante. Las variables categóricas se analizaron mediante el Test exacto de Fisher siendo que las variables cuantitativas se analizaron prueba de Kruskall-Wallis o U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 24 sujetos como casos, provenientes de 13 centros distintos, y 4 sujetos sanos como controles. El tiempo de exposición medio a radiación ionizante del grupo de casos fue 18.9 ± 3.2 años. No se objetivó correlación entre la edad y el tiempo de exposición a radiación ionizante y la presencia de aneuploidias. En el estudio de tinción de bandas GTG no se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al porcentaje de metafases hipodiploides (controles 27.06 ± 16.00% versus casos 18.80 ± 8.59%, p = 0.144), porcentaje de metafases hiperdiploides (controles 3.58 ± 3.55% versus casos 1.48 ± 2.53%, p = 0.082) ni en cuanto al porcentaje de alteraciones estructurales (controles 3.97 ± 3.43% versus casos 10.63 ± 8.89%, p = 0.126). CONCLUSIONES: La edad y el tiempo de exposición a radiación ionizante no se relacionan con un aumento significativo de aneuploidias mediante técnica de tinción de bandas GTG. Ni tipo de actividad endovascular realizada, ni el tipo de quirófano utilizado suponen un aumento de inestabilidad genómica según el análisis de tinción de bandas GTG. Según los resultados del presente estudio no se valida el análisis de tinción de bandas GTG como marcador de inestabilidad genómica en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a radiación ionizante
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The past two decades have witnessed the development and growth of the endovascular techniques, however, this new technology is not exempt from risks, since its use requires an ionizing radiation exposure to both patients and surgeons. In this context, the long-term repercussion of this type of chronic exposure to low dose ionizing radiation of the vascular sur-geons is still unknown. Some studies suggest the use of routine cytogenetic analysis to complement the conventional dosimetry, yet he real genomic effects of chronic low dose ionizing radiation exposure is still unclear and an ideal biodosimetry marker hasn't been described. The present study is part of the Iradient Study (Ionizing RADiation in ENdovascular Treatments) of genomic instability in vascular surgeons (PI-18-967). In this setting, the main goal of the present study was to validate the cytogenetic GTG-banding (G-banding by Trypsin with Giemsa) technique as a biomarker of genomic instability associated to the chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation of vascular surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National, observational and transversal case control study of ge-nomic instability among vascular surgeons chronically exposed to low dose ionizing radiation compared to healthy control patients with no previous history of radiation exposure. The statistical analysis of the categorical variables was performed using the Fisher exact test and the quantitative variables were studies using the Kruskall-Wallis or U de Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: 24 subjects from 13 different hospitals were included as cases, and 4 healthy non-exposed subjects were included as controls. There were no meaningful differences in terms age and demographical variables between groups. In the case group the mean exposure duration was 18.93±3.2 years. There was no significant correlation between age and duration of exposure and the presence of aneuploidies in the GTG-banding analysis. In the GTG-banding chromosome study there were no significant differences between groups in terms of the rate of hipodiploid metaphases (controls 27.06 ± 16.00% versus cases 18.80 ± 8.59%, p = 0.144), rate of hiperdiploid metapha-ses (controls 3.58 ± 3.55% versus cass 1.48 ± 2.53%, p = 0.082) or rate of structural chromosome aberrations (controls 3.97 ± 3.43% versus cases 10.63 ± 8.89%, p = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS: Nor the age or the duration of exposure to ionizing radiation were associated with a higher rate of chromosomal aberrations with the GTG-banding study. Also, the type of endovascular activity and the type of surgical room weren't associated with an increase in the genomic instability in the GTG-banding study. The present results do not allow the validation of the GTG-banding analysis as a biomarker of long term exposure to low dose radiation during endovascular procedures
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Cirurgiões/estatística & dados numéricos , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Fatores de Risco , Cromossomos/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores Etários , 34709 , Marcadores GenéticosRESUMO
Los aneurismas viscerales son entidades raras, siendo el más frecuente de los aneurismas de este grupo el que afecta a la arteria esplénica. Su prevalencia es estimada desde un 0.9 a un 9.7% según los autores. No obstante la introducción de técnicas de imagen para valorar los procesos abdominales han incrementado los hallazgos casuales de estos casos. Una vez diagnosticados se considera su tratamiento cuando los mismos tienen un tamaño superior a 2 cm de diámetro. La cirugía convencional en la mayoría de los casos se plantea con la esplenectomía y resección de la arteria aneurismática. Mediante procedimientos endovasculares es posible realizar un tratamiento menos agresivo y eficaz. Se presenta la experiencia del grupo en el tratamiento de 37 casos de aneurismas esplénicos, analizando el perfil de los pacientes, el tratamiento realizado y los resultados obtenidos. Se valora este tipo de terapéutica con respecto a los datos recogidos en la bibliografía
Visceral aneurysms are rare entities, being the most frequent of the aneurysms of this group that affects the splenic artery. Its preva-lence is estimated from 0.9 to 9.7% according to the authors. However, the introduction of imaging techniques to assess abdominal processes have increased the casual findings of these cases. Once diagnosed, their treatment is considered when they are larger than 2 cm in diameter. Conventional surgery in most cases arises with splenectomy and aneurysmal artery resection. Endovascular procedures suggest a less aggressive and effective treatment. The experience of the group in the treatment of 37 cases of splenic aneurysm is presented, analyzing the profile of the patients, the treatment performed and the results obtained. This type of therapy is analyzed with respects included in the literatura
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Artéria Esplênica/patologia , Aneurisma/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
El aneurisma de la arteria renal se puede considerar como una entidad poco frecuente, con una incidencia que se cifra en el 0,09% de la población general. En la mayoría de las ocasiones se considera esta patología cuando se presenta, como un hallazgo incidental, tras evaluaciones diagnósticas utilizando resonancia nuclear magnética, tomografía axial computarizada, y estudios arteriográficos, realizados para otros fines diagnósticos. Las características clínicas y el manejo de los aneurismas de la arteria renal en general, han sido aportados en la bibliografía a través de pequeñas series de casos, que presentan un pequeño número de pacientes. Hasta hace poco ha existido controversia sobre el tratamiento de tos aneurismas, específicamente, en lo que respecta al tamaño del que requiere un tratamiento quirúrgico, de cómo realizar la reparación y como hacer el seguimiento de aquellos que se consideran no quirúrgicos. También presenta controversia, la causa etiológica, su relación con la hipertensión y otros factores. Por otro lado, a medida que avanza la terapia endovascular y se aplica preferentemente en otras afecciones vasculares, el resultado a largo plazo y la durabilidad del tratamiento con cirugía abierta o endovascular de los aneurismas de la arteria renal, debe ser documentado para la comparación
Aneurysm of the renal artery can be considered as a rare entity, with an incidence that is estimated at 0.09% of the general population. In most cases this pathology is considered when it is presented, as an incidental finding, after diagnostic evaluations using magnetic nuclear resonance, computed tomography, and arteriographic studies performed for other diagnostic purposes. The clinical characteristics and the management of renal artery aneurysms in general have been contributed in the literature through small series of cases, which present a small number of patients. Until recently there has been controversy about the treatment of aneurysm coughs, specifically, regarding the size of the one that requires surgical treatment, how to perform the repair and how to follow up on those that are considered non-surgical. It also presents controversy, the etiological cause, its relationship with hypertension and other factors. On the other hand, as endovascular therapy progresses and is preferably applied in other vascular conditions, the long-term outcome and durability of treatment with open or endovascular surgery of renal artery aneurysms should be documented for comparison
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Renal/patologia , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Angiografia por Tomografia ComputadorizadaRESUMO
Los aneurismas de la arteria poplítea son una patología relativamente frecuente al constituir los de mayor incidencia y prevalencia dentro de los periféricos. Este tipo de patología, presenta una serie de peculiaridades de acuerdo a datos demográficos y también con respecto a formas y tipos de presentación. La clínica se centra especialmente en su perfil de bultoma que late y expande y en las complicaciones de frecuente presentación. Su tratamiento quirúrgico está basado en opciones terapéuticas de cirugía abierta y cirugía convencional. Se presenta la experiencia de un solo centro durante diez años en la atención de esta patología
Popliteal artery aneurysms are a relatively frequent pathology as they are those with the highest incidence and prevalence within the peripherals. This type of pathology presents a series of peculiarities according to demographic data and also with respect to forms and types of presentation. The clinic focuses especially on its profile of beating and expanding lump and on complications that frequently appear. His surgical treatment is based on therapeutic options of open surgery and conventional surgery. The experience of a single center for ten years in the care of this pathology is presented
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artéria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Poplítea/cirurgia , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Seguimentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Próteses e ImplantesRESUMO
A long-standing concept in vision science has held that a single photoreceptor expresses a single type of opsin, the protein component of visual pigment. However, the number of examples in the literature of photoreceptors from vertebrates and invertebrates that break this rule is increasing. Here, we describe a newly discovered Limulus opsin, Limulus opsin5, which is significantly different from previously characterized Limulus opsins, opsins1 and 2. We show that opsin5 is co-expressed with opsins1 and 2 in Limulus lateral and ventral eye photoreceptors and provide the first evidence that the expression of co-expressed opsins can be differentially regulated. We show that the relative levels of opsin5 and opsin1 and 2 in the rhabdom change with a diurnal rhythm and that their relative levels are also influenced by the animal's central circadian clock. An analysis of the sequence of opsin5 suggests it is sensitive to visible light (400-700 nm) but that its spectral properties may be different from that of opsins1 and 2. Changes in the relative levels of these opsins may underlie some of the dramatic day-night changes in Limulus photoreceptor function and may produce a diurnal change in their spectral sensitivity.