Multicausal etiology of the enteric syndrome in rabbits from Mexico / Multicausalidad del síndrome entérico en conejos de México

Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus. The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. (p = 0.000), Mannheimia spp. (p = 0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.006).

Las enteropatías en conejos son difíciles de diagnosticar, debido a que en su etiología participan patógenos que actúan en sinergia y causan daño al intestino. El objetivo de este estudio fue el aislamiento de patógenos de cuadros entéricos en conejos de México. Mediante métodos parasitológicos, bacteriológicos y moleculares, se analizaron 58 muestras de contenido intestinal de conejos con el antecedente de cuadro clínico entérico procedentes de granjas cunícolas de la zona suroriente del Estado de México. A partir de las 58 muestras se realizaron un total de 86 identificaciones, los patógenos más frecuentes fueron Eimeria spp. (77,6%), seguidas de Aeromonas spp. (15,5%) y de Escherichia coli (8,6%), identificadas como E. coli enterpatogénicas (EPEC). También se determinó la presencia de otros agentes: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. y Rotavirus. La presencia concurrente de Eimeria spp. y Aeromonas spp. (15,5%) fue la observación más frecuente. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presentación del cuadro clínico en conejos y la presencia de Eimeria spp. (p = 0,000), Mannheimia spp. (p = 0,001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. y Enterococcus spp. (p = 0,006).

Multicausal etiology of the enteric syndrome in rabbits from Mexico.

Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus. The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. (p=0.000), Mannheimia spp. (p=0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p=0.006).

Comparative effect of Lactobacillus casei and a commercial mangosteen dietary supplement on body weight gain and antibody response to Newcastle disease virus vaccine in fighting roosters.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus casei and a commercial mixed combination of fruit juice that included Garcinia mangostana fruit extract on body weight gain from 7 to 90 days of age, on the antibody response 23 days after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and on the mortality in fighting roosters. Fifty-four 7-day-old birds were randomly distributed into three groups (treated with L. casei, G. mangostana, and saline solution [LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively]) of 18 animals each; all birds were orally treated daily. At 60 and 90 days, the LC group showed the highest body weight gain compared with the other two groups (P<.01). The mean levels of antibody to NDV were significantly higher in the GM group compared with the LC and SS groups (P<.05). Throughout the study the percentages of mortality were 5.55%, 0%, and 22.22% for the LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively. The results indicate that L. casei and the commercial mangosteen dietary supplement intake, compared with the control group, induce beneficial effects in fighting roosters--L. casei on weight gain and the commercial mixed combination of fruit juice with G. mangostana fruit extract on humoral immune response--and both showed none or very low mortality.