Influence of physical fitness components on personality factors and risk perception of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence, sensation seeking, competitiveness, risk taking and risk perception in sports. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: High schools from the Region of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Three-hundred-and-seventeen adolescents participated (mean age: 13.69±1.2 years old). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, body height, Course-Navette test, upper limb strength and psychoeducational factors that determine the propensity towards sports accidents in school children, the Sports Accident Propensity Scale were evaluated. It was performance t-test for independent samples, stepwise multiple linear regression models and a multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS: The analysis showed significant differences with respect to sex in height, VO2 max, handgrip strength and in all factors of the questionnaire (p=0.02-<0.01). Adolescents who presented greater VO2 max, strength in the handgrip test and age showed a higher score in factors 1 and 3. Higher scores in factor 2 were associated with better VO2 max and strength in handgrip test. Youngers and better values of strength in the handgrip showed higher score in factors 4 and 5. The mediation analysis with two mediating variables (handgrip strength and VO2 max) showed a significant indirect effect. When handgrip strength and VO2 max were included in the equations, the association between sex and each factor ceased to be significant. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential benefits of muscular strength (handgrip) and VO2 max in the perceived risk scale, and the variable of age on this. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinical trial: NCT05544370 (pre-results).

Experienced vs. Novice Participants Perception of Overall Quality and Intention to Join in Future Sport Trials: Case European Duathlon Championship.

Even though athletes' experience has been ascertained to shape the perception of quality in sports events, scarce studies have addressed this issue jointly with the intent to join in upcoming comparable sports challenges. (1) Background: The present research investigates how the experience determines the evaluation of the championship and future intentions. (2) Methods: The PLS (SEM) method was evaluated specifically for both novice and experienced duathlon participants, and secondly, the fsQCA methodology was applied with the intention to estimate combinatorial net effects to confirm the hypothesis proposed. (3) Results reveal that the overall quality is equally important for novice and experienced individuals as a determinant of future intentions. However, novices tend to value more positively all the dimensions analyzed, while experienced ones noted higher levels of demand. (4) These findings highlight the importance of designing adequate management strategies for the participants with different levels of performance.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Confinement on the Habits of PA Practice According to Gender (Male/Female): Spanish Case.

The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide. In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, affecting every aspect of life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well as the effect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40 years (SD ± 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was "autonomously" (statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format was "virtual" (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authorities World Health Organization (WHO) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity to reduce the existing gender divide.

Overall Quality of Sporting Events and Emotions as Predictors of Future Intentions of Duathlon Participants.

The present study is intended to analyze the effect of global quality, perceived value, general satisfaction, and emotions on future behavior patterns among participants in the European Duathlon Championship. In this sense, a questionnaire was administered (n = 210), composed of four sections: essential demographic and profiling variables, perceived quality, overall quality, and emotions. Consequently, a relational model was designed to be examined by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Results reveal that global quality and general satisfaction are key dimensions for determining future behaviors of participants, but not so the perceived value. Moreover, up to three combinations of these dimensions together with emotions -pleasure and arousal- emerged as enough for depicting future intentions to a great extent. In this line, a remarkably sufficient combination consists of global quality, general satisfaction, pleasure, and arousal. These findings will guide organizers to design strategies that provide exciting experiences, as well as quality and satisfaction to the participants of sports events.

Validation and Adaptation of the Academic-Resilience Scale in the Spanish Context.

The aim of this study was to validate and adapt the academic-resilience scale in the Spanish context. The study involved 2967 university students aged 18-33 (Mean, M = 23.65; Standard Deviation, SD = 2.57) from several universities in Andalusia (Spain). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses revealed adequate adjustment rates for the new version of the scale showing the factorial structure invariant with respect to that generated. Three factors that integrate the scale obtained high correlation, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The Spanish version of the academic-resilience scale was shown to have adequate psychometric properties to measure academic resilience in the Spanish university context.

The Influence of the Teacher's Prosocial Skills on the Mindwandering, Creative Intelligence, Emotions, and Academic Performance of Secondary Students in the Area of Physical Education Classes.

Physical Education classes are a key context for the development of creativity due to interactions with peers and the resolution of complex motor skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the teacher's social behaviors on the mindwandering, emotional state, and academic performance of Physical Education students. The study involved 606 high school students and 36 physical education teachers. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the variables of the study. The results showed how the teacher's prosocial and antisocial behaviors had a negative influence on mindwandering. In turn, mindwandering negatively predicted creative intelligence. Likewise, creative intelligence positively predicted a positive emotional state and academic performance and negatively predicted a negative emotional state. Finally, a positive emotional state positively predicted academic performance, while a negative emotional state predicted it negatively. Therefore, the results achieved in the study showed how mindwandering should be promoted in the educational field as a means of encouraging creativity and therefore increasing the well-being of students, which is conducive to academic performance.

Validation and Adaptation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of Physical Education.

Physical education (PE), by its own characteristics, is a subject where social communication is especially promoted. However, it is necessary to have tools that evaluate the social behaviour of students during PE classes. For this reason, we propose to validate and adapt the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of PE classes. The study involved 1081 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.83; SD = 1.27). The psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavior Scale were analyzed through several statistical analyses. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis and the exploratory factorial analysis supported the internal structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the scale was invariant to gender. Cronbach's alpha values were higher than 0.70 in the factors and sub-factors, finally showing adequate levels of temporal stability. Taking into account the results achieved in the present study, PE teachers have an effective tool to assess the social and antisocial behaviour of their students' students during PE classes.

Análisis de la percepción de objetivos y competencias adquiridas en la asignatura 'Equipamientos e Instalaciones Deportivas' / Analysis of the perception of objectives and competencies acquired in the subject 'Equipment and Sports Facilities' / Análise da percepção de objetivos e competências adquiridas no curso 'Equipamentos e Instalações Desportivas'

El reto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) es dotar a los alumnos/as de las competencias necesarias para hacer frente a los numerosos cambios que están aconteciendo. En este trabajo se analiza la adquisición por parte de los alumnos de los objetivos y competencias de la asignatura de 3º curso de Equipamientos e Instalaciones Deportivas del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla) en el curso 2016/2017. Participan 122 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura, 24 mujeres (19,67%) y 98 hombres (80,33%) y una edad entre 19 y 45 años (M= 22,06). Se administra un cuestionario ad hoc (Alpha = 0,935) compuesto de 26 ítems. La valoración media está en torno a 4 en una escala de 5, siendo la media de 3,96. Es la percepción de las competencias de las mujeres ligeramente por debajo de los hombres y sobresale el objetivo denominado 'Desarrollar un proyecto de gestión en una organización deportiva' (4,56) y la competencia 'Capacidad de trabajo en equipo', con una valoración de 4,36 sobre 5. Respecto a los cuatro bloques establecidos el más destacado es el de 'Objetivos generales' (4,10 sobre 5). Viendo la pertinencia del planteamiento de esta asignatura sería interesante analizarla en otras Facultades de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) provides students with the necessary skills to face new challenges. The acquisition of objectives and competences of the students is analyzed in the compulsory subject of 3rd year (2016/2017) of 'Equipment and Sports Facilities' of the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences of the Pablo de Olavide University (Seville). Participating 122 students enrolled, 24 women (19.67%) and 98 men (80.33%) and an average age of M = 22.06. An ad hoc questionnaire (Alpha = 0.935) composed by 26 items was administered. The average rating is 3.96 out of 5, there being no significant gender differences. The objective 'Develop a management project in a sports organization' (4.56) predominates and the competence 'Develop leadership skills, interpersonal relationship and teamwork' (4.36); and the block "General objectives" (4.10) out of 5. It would be interesting to analyze the relevance of this subject in other Faculties of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences

O Espaço Europeu de Educação Superior (EHEA) oferece aos alunos as habilidades necessárias para enfrentar novos desafios. Discute-se a aquisição de objetivos e competências dos alunos na disciplina obrigatória de 3º ano (2016/2017) de 'Equipamentos e Instalações Esportivas' do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Atividade Física e do Esporte da Universidade Pablo de Olavide (Sevilha). Participaram 122 alunos matriculados, 24 mulheres (19,67%) e 98 homens (80,33%) e uma idade média de M = 22,06. Um questionário ad hoc (Alpha = 0,935) composto de 26 itens é administrado. A classificação média é de 3,96 de 5, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Destaca o objetivo 'Desenvolver um projeto de gestão em uma organização esportiva' (4.56) e a competição 'Desenvolver habilidades de liderança, relacionamento interpessoal e trabalho em equipe' (4.36); e o bloco "Objetivos gerais" (4.10) de 5. Seria interessante analisar a relevância deste assunto em outras Faculdades de Atividade Física e Ciências do Esporte