Frequência e distribuição do gene da α-actinina-3 e sua associação em atletas brasileiras de voleibol / Frequency and distribution of the α -actinin-3 gene and its association in brazilian volleyball athletes

Introduction: The ACTN3 gene encodes the α-actinin-3 protein in the Z lines of the sarcomere, which anchors the actin protein in the contractile apparatus, present exclusively in type II muscle fibers, presenting greater glycolytic capacity, which is essential for sports with high-energy actions. intensity and short duration as is the case with Volleyball. Objective: To verify the frequency and distribution of the ACTN3 gene, RR and RX genotypes that express α-actinin-3 (EX α-actinin-3), and XX genotype that do not express α-actinin-3 (NE α-actinin-3) and its association with Brazilian volleyball athletes. Materials and Methods: Nine-seven (97) athletes from the women's volleyball super league took part in the study. Body mass, height and age were evaluated to characterize the sample. Salivary samples were analyzed using (PCR) in real time, to determine the genotypes, and, to verify the association of the genotype with the status of volleyball athlete in the three categories (National Teams, Brazilian National Team and Brazilian Olympic Team), the test was carried out Chi-square of independence (χ²). To obtain the odds ratio of the outcome, a log linear regression analysis was performed. All tests were carried out using the JAMOVI 2.4 (2023) statistical software. Results: Among the athletes in the sample competing in the National Teams competition, 91.8% have the EX-α-actinin-3 genotype. When we consider Brazilian National Team competitions, 93.7% have the EX-α-actinin-3 genotype. Athletes who play for the Brazilian Olimpic Team, 100% of the sample have the EX-α-actinin-3 genotype. Considering that in the world population, the frequency is 80%, it is possible to verify that as you approach the athletes who participate in the women's team there is a greater participation of athletes with the EX-α-actinin-3 genotype. Furthermore, there was an association between the genotypes that EX α-actinin-3 and the National category, with the status of elite athlete, where (χ²) obtained the p value (0.023) and the rate ratio (2.71) for the outcome of the genotypes (EX α-actinin-3) being elite athletes. Conclusion: The athlete's genetic characteristics, environment, nutrition, physical, technical and tactical preparation are some of the factors that contribute to sports performance. However, the results of the present study suggest that athletes with RR and RX genotypes that express α-actinin-3, present in type II muscle fibers, seem to confer an advantage when playing high-performance volleyball.

Ad libitum ice slurry ingestion and half-marathon performance in a hot environment: A study comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C.

Ice slurry ingestion during prolonged exercises may improve performance in hot environments; however, the ideal amount and timing of ingestion are still uncertain. We determined whether ad libitum ice slurry ingestion influences physiological and perceptual variables and half-marathon performance while comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C. Ten trained participants (28 ± 2 years; mean and SD) were required to run two half marathons while consuming either ice slurry (-1 °C; Ad-1) or water (37 °C; 37 CE) ad libitum. They then performed two other half marathons where, during one, they were required to ingest an amount of water equivalent to the amount consumed during the Ad-1 trial (Pro37), and in the other, to ingest ice slurry in the amount consumed during the 37 CE trial (Pro-1). During the half marathons, dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were controlled at 33.1 ± 0.3 °C and 60 ± 3%, respectively. Ad-1 ingestion (349.6 ± 58.5 g) was 45% less than 37 CE ingestion (635.5 ± 135.8 g). Physical performance, heart rate, perceived exertion, body temperatures, and thermal perception were not influenced by the temperature or amount of beverage ingestion. However, a secondary analysis suggested that lower beverage ingestion was associated with improved performance (Ad-1 + Pro37 vs. 37 CE + Pro-1: -4.0 min, Cohen's d = 0.39), with a significant relationship between lower beverage ingestion and faster running time (b = 0.02, t = 4.01, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ice slurry ingestion does not affect performance or physiological or perceptual variables during a half marathon in a hot environment. Preliminary evidence suggests that lower beverage ingestion (ice slurry or warm water) is associated with improved performance compared to higher ingestion.

Reduced running performance and greater perceived exertion, but similar post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue in tropical natives subjected to a 10 km self-paced run in a hot compared to a temperate environment.

Environmental heat stress impairs endurance performance by enhancing exercise-induced physiological and perceptual responses. However, the time course of these responses during self-paced running, particularly when comparing hot and temperate conditions, still needs further clarification. Moreover, monitoring fatigue induced by exercise is paramount to prescribing training and recovery adequately, but investigations on the effects of a hot environment on post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue are scarce. This study compared the time course of physiological and perceptual responses during a 10 km self-paced treadmill run (as fast as possible) between temperate (25°C) and hot (35°C) conditions. We also investigated the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance following exercise in these two ambient temperatures. Thirteen recreational long-distance runners (11 men and 2 women), inhabitants of a tropical region, completed the two experimental trials in a randomized order. Compared to 25°C, participants had transiently higher body core temperature (TCORE) and consistently greater perceived exertion while running at 35°C (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with a slower pace, evidenced by an additional 14 ± 5 min (mean ± SD) to complete the 10 km at 35°C than at 25°C (p < 0.05). Before, immediately after, and 1 h after the self-paced run, the participants performed CMJs to evaluate lower limb neuromuscular fatigue. CMJ height was reduced by 7.0% (2.3 ± 2.4 cm) at 1 h after the race (p < 0.05) compared to pre-exercise values; environmental conditions did not influence this reduction. In conclusion, despite the reduced endurance performance, higher perceived exertion, and transiently augmented TCORE caused by environmental heat stress, post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue is similar between temperate and hot conditions. This finding suggests that the higher external load (faster speed) at 25°C compensates for the effects of more significant perceptual responses at 35°C in inducing neuromuscular fatigue.

Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of both an active warm-up and the time-of-day variation on repeated-sprint performance. A second objective was to compare the post-exercise recovery between the experimental conditions. METHODS: Eleven male participants performed ten maximal cycling sprints (6 s each, with a 30-s interval between them) in the morning and late afternoon, either after a warm-up or control condition. The warm-up consisted of cycling for 10 min at 50% of the peak aerobic power. RESULTS: Rest measurements of rectal, muscle, and skin temperatures were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.079) and blood lactate concentration (p = 0.300). Warm-up increased muscle temperature, heart rate, and lactate, and reduced skin temperature (all p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.410). The number of revolutions (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), peak (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), and mean (p = 0.037, ηp2 = 0.365) power of the first sprint (not the average of ten sprints) were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning, regardless of warm-up. However, beneficial performance effects of warming up were evident for the first (p < 0.001) and the average of ten sprints (p < 0.05), regardless of time of day. More remarkable changes during the 60-min post-exercise were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.010) in the afternoon than in the morning. CONCLUSION: Warming-up and time-of-day effects in enhancing muscular power are independent. Although warm-up ensured further beneficial effects on performance than the time-of-day variation, a faster post-exercise recovery was observed in the late afternoon.

Mapa digital no processo de territorialização da atenção primária à saúde: relato de experiência / Digital map for primary health care territorialization: an experience report / Mapa digital en el proceso de territorialización de la atención primaria de salud: reporte de experiencia

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é definida como um nível de entrada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nela ocorre o processo de territorialização, buscando conhecer a área adscrita à unidade de Saúde da Família (USF). Assim, este relato de experiência de um enfermeiro residente em Saúde da Família tem como objetivo expor a importância do mapa digital no processo de territorialização para melhorar a assistência à saúde na APS. Em meio à pandemia de covid-19, que impôs o distanciamento social, surgiu a ideia da criação do mapa digital nas plataformas Google Earth e Maps, com o propósito de suprir a prática da territorialização, que tinha somente um desenho do espaço, antigo e desatualizado. Sendo assim, esse recurso tecnológico tornou-se um aliado para traçar os determinantes de saúde, para o estudo dos indicadores em saúde e para a redistribuição das equipes, contribuindo para o aumento da cobertura da Atenção Básica, o conhecimento dos equipamentos sociais, a resolutividade das ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção das doenças e, consequentemente, a qualidade da assistência. Seu uso é de fácil manuseio e obteve uma boa adesão e eficácia nas ações dos profissionais e pacientes.

Primary Health Care (PHC) is defined as an entry level into the Unified Health System (SUS) in which takes place the process of territorialization, seeking to know the area assigned to the Family Health Unit. Thus, this experience report of a nurse resident in Family Health seeks to discuss the importance of the digital map in the territorialization process to improve PHC. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which imposed social distancing measures, the idea of creating a digital map on the Google Earth and Maps platforms emerged, to supply the practice of territorialization, which had only and old and outdated drawing of the space. As such, this technological resource has become an ally for tracing health determinants to study health indicators, and to redistribute teams, contributing to the increase of Primary Care coverage, the knowledge of social facilities, the resoluteness of health promotion and disease prevention actions, and, consequently, the quality of care. Of easy applicability, the digital map has obtained good adherence and effectiveness in the actions of professionals and patients.

La atención primaria de salud (APS) se define como un nivel de entrada al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). En tal asistencia ocurre el proceso de territorialización, que busca conocer el área que abarca la Unidad de Salud Familiar. Así, este reporte de experiencia de una enfermera residente en salud de la familia tiene como objetivo relatar la importancia del mapa digital en el proceso de territorialización para mejorar la atención a la salud en la APS. En la pandemia del covid-19, que provocó el distanciamiento social, surgió la idea de crear un mapa digital en las plataformas Google Earth y Maps, con el propósito de suplir la práctica de la territorialización, que solo tenía un dibujo del espacio, viejo y desactualizado. Por tanto, este recurso tecnológico se ha convertido en un aliado para el rastreo de los determinantes de la salud, para el estudio de indicadores de salud y para la redistribución de equipos, lo que contribuye al aumento de la cobertura de la Atención Primaria, al conocimiento de los equipamientos sociales, a la resolución de acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad y, en consecuencia, a la calidad de la atención. Su uso es de fácil manejo y ha obtenido buena adherencia y eficacia en las actuaciones de profesionales y pacientes.

Programa Mais Médicos e a atenção ao pré-natal: desfechos obstétricos em três regiões baianas entre 2010 e 2019 / Mais Médicos Program and prenatal care: obstetric outcomes in three bahian regions between 2010-2019 / El Programa Más Médicos y la atención prenatal: resultados obstétricos en tres regiones de bahía entre 2010 y 2019

No Brasil, múltiplas políticas foram desenvolvidas para atender às demandas da saúde materno-infantil. Em 1983, sob pressão do movimento feminista, iniciou-se um programa voltado para a atenção à saúde da mulher "em sua totalidade" ­ o Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PAISM). Embora a Constituição Cidadã de 1988 afirme, no artigo 186 dos direitos sociais, que a saúde é um bem universal, essa premissa de fato nunca foi alcançável em todo território brasileiro, apesar de toda a formulação de políticas e estratégias, como o Programa Saúde da Família. Assim, o Programa Mais Médicos pelo Brasil (PMMB) foi estruturado em 2013 na expectativa de fortalecer a Estratégia Saúde da Família, garantindo o acesso universal ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) por meio da Atenção Primária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito desse programa em nosso país. No Brasil, a razão da mortalidade materna (RMM) passou de aproximadamente 140, em 1990, para 57 óbitos maternos por cem mil nascidos vivos (NV) em 2019. Na Bahia, em 2019, foi registrada uma RMM de 51,2. Em 2020, esse índice alcançou o valor de 81,1. Apesar dos avanços significativos, esses resultados estão ainda distantes da meta dos objetivos de desenvolvimento do milênio (ODM), que foi definida em 35,8 em 2015. Os resultados também demonstram a existência de dificuldades para atingir a meta dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), ou seja, trinta por cem mil NV até 2030, conforme o que foi demonstrado na análise dos dados discutidos neste artigo.

In Brazil, multiple policies have been developed to meet the demands of maternal and child health. In 1983, pressured by feminist movement, the country implemented a program to focus on women's health 'in its entirety' ­ the Comprehensive Women's Health Care Program (PAISM). Although the 1988 Citizen Constitution states, in its Article 186, that health is a universal good, this premise has never in fact been achievable throughout Brazil, despite all the policies and strategies developed, such as the Family Health Strategy. As such, the More Doctors Program for Brazil (PMMB) was structured in 2013 to strengthen the Family Health Strategy, ensuring universal access to the Unified Health System (SUS) through Primary Care. Given this context, this study sought to investigate the effect this program had in the country. In Brazil, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) went from approximately 140 in 1990 to 57 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (LB) in 2019. In 2019, Bahia recorded an MMR of 51.2. In 2020, this index reached the value of 81.1. Despite significant advances, these findings are still far from the millennium development goals (MDGs) target, which was set at 35.8 in 2015. The results point to difficulties in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target, that is, 30 per 100,000 LB by 2030.

En Brasil, se han desarrollado múltiples políticas para atender las demandas de salud materno-infantil. En 1983, bajo la presión del movimiento feminista, se inició un programa orientado hacia la salud de la mujer "en su totalidad", el Programa de Acción Integral a la Salud de la Mujer (PAISM). A pesar de que la Constitución de 1988 de Brasil dispone en su artículo 186 sobre los derechos sociales que la salud es un bien universal, esa premisa, de hecho, nunca fue alcanzable en todo el territorio brasileño, incluso con la formulación de políticas y estrategias, como el Programa de Salud Familiar. Así, el Programa Más Médicos para Brasil (PMMB) se estructuró en 2013 con la expectativa de fortalecer la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, garantizando el acceso universal al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) a través de la Atención Primaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de este programa en el país. En Brasil, la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM) aumentó de aproximadamente 140 en 1990 para 57 muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos (NV) en 2019. En Bahía, en 2019 se registró una RMM de 51,2. En 2020 este índice alcanzó el valor de 81,1. A pesar de los avances significativos, estos resultados todavía están lejos de la meta de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM), que se fijó en 35,8 en 2015. Los resultados también demuestran las dificultades que existen para alcanzar la meta de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), es decir, de 30 por 100.000 NV para 2030, como lo demuestra el análisis en este artículo.

O processo de monitoramento, controle e avaliação do Programa Mais Médicos no estado da Bahia / The monitoring, control and evaluation process of the Mais Médicos Program in Bahia / El proceso de seguimiento, control y evaluación del Programa Más Médicos EN EL ESTADO DE Bahía

Este artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar o processo de aprimoramento e acompanhamento das variáveis envolvidas na consolidação do Progama Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB) na Bahia, bem como a gestão da informação associada aos avanços tecnológicos. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e do tipo estudo de caso. Os dados pertinentes ao monitoramento e planejamento estratégico do PMMB, no estado da Bahia, foram coletados mensalmente, a partir das bases de dados do Ministério da Saúde, Ministério da Educação e municípios, para serem agrupados em uma planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Excel, por meio do recurso Power Business Intelligence (Power BI), programa que está em constante modificação, permitindo visualizar a qualquer momento as variáveis desejadas. Assim, a distribuição de médicos atuantes no PMMB, no território baiano, corrobora os estudos que apontam o crescimento do provimento de médicos, sobretudo nas regiões mais isoladas, pobres e vulneráveis. A construção dos painéis, realizada pela captação e sistematização de diferentes fontes de dados relativos à gestão do PMMB na Bahia, permitiu avaliar: a distribuição dos médicos atuantes no PMMB na Bahia, as regiões de maior concentração de médicos, a porcentagem dos municípios contemplados pelo programa, a distribuição da rede de apoio no estado da Bahia, a distribuição dos cursos de medicina no estado e as regiões que realizam teleconsultorias. Por meio desta pesquisa, foi possível concluir que o número de médicos destinados à atenção de saúde nas populações mais carentes e isoladas vem aumentando gradativamente, embora ainda seja insufuciente. Além disso, pode-se concluir que a gestão da informação associada aos avanços tecnológicos podem servir como instrumento de monitoramento e avaliação na área da saúde.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el proceso de mejora y seguimiento de las variables involucradas en la consolidación del Programa Más Médicos (PMM) en Bahía (Brasil), así como la gestión de la información asociada a los avances tecnológicos. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo, de tipo estudio de caso. Los datos relevantes para el seguimiento y la planificación estratégica del PMM en el estado de Bahía fueron recopilados mensualmente de las bases de datos del Ministerio de Salud, del Ministerio de Educación y municipios, para ser agrupados en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel, a través del recurso Power BI que se modifica constantemente, lo que permite ver las variables en cualquier momento. Así, la distribución de los médicos que actúan en el PMM en el amplio territorio de Bahía corrobora estudios que apuntan al crecimiento de la oferta de médicos, especialmente en las regiones más aisladas, pobres y vulnerables. La construcción de los paneles, realizada a partir de la captura y sistematización de diferentes fuentes de datos, relacionados con la gestión del PMM de Bahía, permitió evaluar: la distribución de los médicos que actúan en el PMM de Bahía, las regiones con mayor concentración de médicos, el porcentaje de municipios cubiertos por el programa, la distribución de la red de apoyo en el estado de Bahía, la distribución de los cursos de medicina en el estado, y las regiones que realizan teleconsultas. Esta investigación permite concluir que el número de médicos dedicados a la atención de la salud en las poblaciones más necesitadas y aisladas ha ido aumentando paulatinamente, aunque aún es insuficiente. Además, se concluye que el manejo de la información asociada a los avances tecnológicos puede servir como una herramienta de seguimiento y evaluación en salud.

This qualitative case study evaluates the improvement and monitoring processes concerning the variables involved in the consolidation of the More Doctors Program (PMM) in Bahia, Brazil, as well as the management of information associated with technological advances. Data relevant for monitoring and strategic planning the PMM in the state were collected monthly from the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and municipalities databases, and then grouped in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet using power BI, an everchanging software that allow us to view the desired variables at any time. The results on the distribution of PMM doctors in the broad territory of Bahia corroborate studies that point to an increased supply of physicians, especially in more isolated, poorer and vulnerable regions. The panels developed by capturing and systematizing different data sources regarding PMM management in Bahia allowed to evaluate: the distribution of PMM doctors in the state, the regions with the highest concentration, the percentage of municipalities covered by the program, the distribution of the support network within the state, the distribution of medical undergraduate programs in the state; the regions that offer teleconsultations. In conclusion, the number of physicians offering health care to the poorest and most isolated populations has been increasing gradually, but remains insufficient. Moreover, the management of information associated with technological advances can serve as a monitoring and evaluation instrument in health care.

Perfil dos médicos Programa Mais Médicos na Bahia e a utilização da ferramenta do Telessaúde / Profile of Mais Médicos physicians in Bahia and the use of Telehealth / Perfil de los médicos del Programa Más Médicos en Bahía y el uso de la herramienta Telesalud

A vivência no curso de pós-graduação em forma de residência em Planejamento e Gestão no Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) no estado da Bahia possibilitou a construção de um painel, cujos objetivos principais foram retratar o perfil dos médicos que atuam no estado no referido programa e a utilização da ferramenta do Telessaúde. Para construir essa experiência, a metodologia foi baseada em um estudo descritivo, que permitiu uma coleta de dados e o atendimento das metas propostas. Dessa forma, foi possível perceber que os profissionais médicos que atuam no PMM-BA são, em sua maioria, mulheres 764 (52,1%); um total de 703 (47,9%) corresponde aos homens, que declararam possuir registro profissional, sendo 922 (62,8%) no Conselho Regional de Medicina (CRM) e 520 (35,4%) no Registro Médico de Saúde (RMS); 25 (1,7%) não informaram o registro. Quanto ao uso da plataforma Telessaúde, os dados demonstraram que 567 (49,5%) conhecem e possuem cadastro na plataforma, 381 (33,2%) participaram de treinamentos e 446 (38,9%) utilizam a ferramenta. O assunto estudado permitiu propor algumas recomendações, dentre as quais destacam-se: maior investimento em infraestrutura e equipamentos eletrônicos, tais como computadores e acesso à internet, principalmente em localidades mais distantes; treinamento e orientação sobre o uso da plataforma e sua importância para o trabalho na Atenção Básica.

The graduate program residency in Planning and Management within the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) in the state of Bahia, Brazil, allowed us to build a tableau, whose main objective was to outline the profile of physicians working in that program and the use of Telehealth. To build an experience that would allow data collection and fulfillment of the proposed goals, this study adopted a descriptive approach. Thus, results showed that most medical professionals working in the PMM-BA are women 764 (52.1%), while men account for 703 (47.9%) professionals, who declared having a professional register, with 922 (62.8%) on the Regional Council of Medicine (CRM) and 520 (35.4%) on the Medical Health Record (RMS); 25 (1.7%) did not inform a register. Regarding the use of the Telehealth platform, data showed that 567 (49.5%) physicians know and have a subscription on the platform, 381 (33.2%) participated in training and 446 (38.9%) use the tool. These findings allowed for some recommendations, such as greater investment in infrastructure and electronic equipment, like computers and internet access, especially in remote locations; training and advisement on how to use the platform and its importance for Primary Care.

La experiencia en el posgrado en la modalidad de residencia en Planificación y Gestión en el Programa Más Médicos en el estado de Bahía (PMM-BA) permitió construir un panel cuyo objetivo principal fue retratar el perfil de los médicos que actúan en el estado con ese programa y ​​el uso de la herramienta Telesalud. Para construir esta experiencia, la metodología se basó en un estudio descriptivo, que permitió la recolección de datos y el cumplimiento de las metas propuestas. Así, fue posible percibir que el profesional médico que actúa en el PMM-BA es en su mayoría mujeres 764 (52,1%); un total de 703 (47,9%) corresponden a hombres, que declararon tener un historial profesional, con 922 (62,8%) en el Consejo Regional de Medicina (CRM) y 520 (35,4%) en el Registr o Médico de Salud (RMS); 25 (1,7%) no informaron el registro. En cuanto al uso de la plataforma Telesalud, los datos mostraron que 567 (49,5%) conocen y tienen registro en ella, 381 (33,2%) participaron en capacitaciones y 446 (38,9%) utilizan la herramienta. El tema estudiado permitió proponer algunas recomendaciones, entre las que se destacan: mayor inversión en infraestructura y equipos electrónicos, como computadoras y acceso a internet, especialmente en las localidades más alejadas; formación y orientación sobre el uso de la plataforma y su importancia para el trabajo en Atención Primaria.

Polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE-I/D) differentiates the aerobic and speed performance of football players.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of ACE-I/D polymorphisms on Brazilian football players performance in aerobic capacity, strength and speed tests. METHODS: The participants in this study were 212 Brazilian first division male football players genotyped in DD, ID or II. Genotyping of DNA from leucocytes was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. We evaluated speed using a 30-meter sprint test with speed measured at 10 meters (V10), 20 meters (V20), and 30 meters (V30); muscular strength using counter-movement-jump and squat jump tests; and aerobic endurance using the Yo-Yo endurance test. The athletes were ranked in ascending order according to their performance in each test and divided into quartiles: first quartile (0-25%, weak), second (25-50%, normal), third (50-75%, good), and fourth (75-100%, excellent); these were clustered according to genotype frequency. RESULTS: We identified significant differences in the V20 test values and in the aerobic capacity test. Higher frequencies of the ACE-DD genotype were observed in the excellent performance group in the V20. In the aerobic capacity test, higher frequencies of the ACE-II genotype were observed in excellent and good performance groups. CONCLUSIONS: Players with higher performance in anaerobic and aerobic tests are ACE-DD and ACE-II genotypes, respectively.

Contribuições do programa mais médicos no enfrentamento da pandemia de covid-19 na Bahia / Contributions of the mais médicos program in the fight against the covid-19 pandemic in the state of Bahia / Contribuciones del programa mais médicos en la lucha contra la pandemia del covid-19 en Bahía

O Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) faz parte do pacto de melhoria do atendimento aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Visa atender as regiões de maior vulnerabilidade social do Brasil e suprir a ausência de profissionais médicos na Atenção Básica (AB). Com o PMM, a Bahia aumentou a média de médicos por habitantes, beneficiando cerca de 5,6 milhões de pessoas. O surgimento da Covid-19 impôs a adoção de medidas sanitárias e de ações estratégicas que motivaram mudanças nos fluxos e na readequação estrutural das Equipes de Saúde da Família. Buscando qualificar esses profissionais, foi desenvolvido na modalidade de Educação a Distância (EAD) o curso de capacitação Manejo Clínico da Covid-19 para Médicos do PMM. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o processo de elaboração e implementação de tal curso no formato de um relato de experiência da execução. Foi realizada a análise dos produtos das webreuniões de supervisões longitudinais, do conteúdo dos vídeos e do manual de recomendação para o enfrentamento da Covid-19. O curso apresentou protocolos de atendimento da Covid-19 na AB, articulados em três módulos, com videoaulas produzidas por médicos. Foram capacitados 365 médicos do PMM e apoiadores da AB do estado, que ampliaram as ações para os 417 municípios da Bahia por meio dos coordenadores da AB. As contribuições do PMM no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 no estado da Bahia estão sendo significativas na perspectiva de qualificação profissional e aperfeiçoamento dos serviços da AB no atendimento da população.

The Mais Médicos Program (MMP) is part of the pact to improve service to users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It aims to serve the regions of greatest social vulnerability in Brazil and reduce the absence of health professionals in the territory. With the MMP, the state of Bahia increased the number of physicians per inhabitants, benefiting around 5.6 million people. The emergence of Covid-19 imposed the adoption of sanitary measures and strategic actions that motivated changes in the flows and structural readjustment of the Family Health Teams. Seeking these professionals, the Training Course Clinical Management of Covid-19 for Doctors of the PMM was developed in Distance Education (Distance Education). This article seeks to report the process of elaboration and implementation if the course. For such purpose, the experience of running the course is described. The products of the web meetings of longitudinal supervisions, the content of the videos and the recommendation manual to face Covid-19 were analyzed. The course presents Covid-19 service protocols in Primary Care (PC). It took place in 3 modules with video classes produced by doctors. In total, 365 doctors from the MMP and the supporters of PC in the state were trained and expanded to the 417 municipalities of the state of Bahia by the PC coordinators. The contributions of the MMP in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in the state of Bahia are being relevant in the perspective of professional qualification and improvement of primary care services in serving the population.

El Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) forma parte del pacto para mejorar el servicio a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Su objetivo es atender las regiones de mayor vulnerabilidad social en Brasil y reducir la ausencia de personal médico en la atención primaria (AP). Con el PMM, Bahía aumentó el número de médicos por habitante, beneficiando a cerca de 5,6 millones de personas. El surgimiento del Covid-19 impuso la adopción de medidas sanitarias y acciones estratégicas que motivaron cambios en los flujos y reajustes estructurales de los Equipos de Salud de la Familia. Con el fin de capacitar a estos profesionales, se desarrolló el curso de capacitación: Manejo Clínico del Covid-19 para Doctores del PMM en la modalidad a distancia. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo informar el proceso de elaboración e implementación del curso a partir del informe de experiencia del curso. Se realizó el análisis de los productos de las reuniones web de supervisión longitudinal, así como el contenido de los videos y el manual de recomendaciones para enfrentar al Covid-19. El curso presentó los protocolos de atención al Covid-19 en la AP, desarrollados en tres módulos con videoclases producidas por médicos. Se capacitaron a 365 médicos del PMM y simpatizantes de AP en el estado, que han expandido la acción a los 417 municipios de Bahía mediante los coordinadores de AP. Los aportes del PMM en el contexto de la pandemia del Covid-19 en el estado de Bahía están siendo relevantes en la perspectiva de la calificación profesional y mejora de los servicios de AP al servicio de la población.

Head pre-cooling improves 5-km time-trial performance in male amateur runners in the heat.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of head pre-cooling on the 5-km time-trial performance of amateur runners in the heat. In a counterbalanced design, 15 male amateur runners (22.6 ± 3.5 y; VO2 max in heat 42.3 ± 4.4 mLO2 /kg/min) completed two 5-km time trials performed in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humidity). In one trial (HCOOL), participants underwent 20 min of head cooling in a temperate environment (23°C, 70% relative humidity) prior to exercise. In another trial (CON), exercise was preceded by 20 min of rest under the same temperature conditions. Exercise time was shorter in HCOOL (25 min and 36 s ± 3 min) compared to CON (27 ± 3 min; p = 0.02). Rectal temperature was reduced during the pre-exercise intervention in HCOOL (p < 0.001), but not in CON (p = 0.55). Relative changes in rectal temperature and mean head temperature were lower throughout HCOOL when compared with CON condition (p = 0.005 and p = 0.022, respectively). Mean skin temperature, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between HCOOL and CON conditions throughout exercise (p = 0.20, p = 0.52 and 0.31, respectively). Thermal comfort was lower in HCOOL condition in pre-exercise (p = 0.014) with no differences observed throughout exercise (p = 0.61). 5-km running performance in a hot environment was improved after a 20-min head cooling intervention, suggesting that this method may be practical as pre-cooling strategy and easily administered to both professional and amateur runners alike.

Resenha do livro: O esporte nas eleições 2018: candidaturas à presidência da república e aos governos dos estados / Book review: Sport in the 2018 elections: candidates for the presidency of the republic and the governments of the states / Reseña del libro:El deporte en las elecciones de 2018: candidatos a la presidencia de la república y gobiernos estatales

Livro publicado em 2019, produzido por um grupo de pesquisadores membros de três diferentes instituições: Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) e da Secretaria Estadual Paraná do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (CBCE-PR). A obra objetivou evidenciar o local do esporte nas propostas do Poder Executivo ao identificá-lo nos planos de governo das candidaturas a presidência da República e a governo dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. A amostra foi composta por 203 candidaturas, distribuídas pelas cinco regiões geográficas e União. Os autores do livro optaram por não realizar uma análise sobre as propostas, buscando com isso manter um caráter neutro, sem qualquer tipo de posicionamento político-partidário ou juízo de valor.

Book published in 2019, produced by a group of researchers members of three different institutions: State University of Maringá (UEM), the State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB) and the Paraná State Secretariat of the Brazilian College of Sport Sciences (CBCE- PR). The work aimed to highlight the location of the sport in the Executive Power's proposals by identifying it in the government plans of the candidacies for the presidency of the Republic and the government of the Brazilian states and the Federal District. The sample consisted of 203 candidacies, distributed among the five geographic regions and the Union. The authors of the book chose not to carry out an analysis of the proposals, seeking to maintain a neutral character, without any kind of political-partisan position or value judgment.

Libro publicado en 2019, elaborado por un grupo de investigadores miembros de tres instituciones diferentes: Universidad Estatal de Maringá (UEM), Universidad Estatal del Sudoeste de Bahía (UESB) y Secretaría de Estado de Paraná de la Facultad Brasileña de Ciencias del Deporte (CBCE-PR). El trabajo tuvo como objetivo resaltar la ubicación del deporte en las propuestas del Poder Ejecutivo identificándolo en los planes de gobierno de las candidaturas a la presidencia de la República y el gobierno de los estados brasileños y del Distrito Federal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 203 candidaturas, distribuidas entre las cinco regiones geográficas y la Unión. Los autores del libro optaron por no realizar un análisis de las propuestas, buscando mantener un carácter neutral, sin ningún tipo de posición político-partidista o juicio de valor.

Low-fat, lactose-free and leucine-enriched chocolate cow milk prototype: A preliminary study on sensorial acceptability and gastrointestinal complaints following exhaustive exercise.

BACKGROUND: Chocolate milk has gained recent scientific support as a recovery drink. However, it is known that high exercise-demand triggers gastrointestinal discomfort which continues post-exercise, thereby hindering this nutritional strategy. In addition, those who are lactose intolerant cannot benefit from a milk-based beverage. Thus, the aim of this preliminary study was to develop a low-fat, lactose-free, and leucine-enriched chocolate cow milk prototype (CML) representing nutrition-related recommendations for football players, as well as assess athletes' individual subjective outcomes for gastrointestinal complaints and sensorial acceptability in a field-based setting following strenuous team-sport physical demands. METHODS: This study followed a single group and repeated-measured design with 10 football players (23 ± 2 yrs., 74 ± 14 kg, 174 ± 5 cm) who consumed CML following a 90-min football match simulation protocol (FMP). The total CML intake to achieve 0.150 g leucine·kg [BW]·h- 1 occurred in aliquots of 50, 30 and 20% at 0-, 45- and 75-min post-FMP, respectively. Athletes were evaluated by the prevalence, the type and severity (bloating, nausea, flatulence, and gastric reflux) of gastrointestinal complaints and sensorial acceptability (overall perception, appearance, consistency, and flavour) after drinking each aliquot in a 4-h recovery period. RESULTS: The CML showed higher scores for "Product Acceptability Index" (88%) and sensorial acceptability (~ 8 in 9-point hedonic scale). Kendall's W with bootstrapped resample (95%CI) revealed agreement among respondents as "moderate" (overall perception, flavour) to "strong" (appearance, consistency) and with no significant agreement differences between rater response in the timeline analysis (0.57 up to 0.87; p > 0.05). Agresti-Caffo add-4 analysis (95% confidence interval, [95%CI]) revealed no differences in each time-point analysis versus baseline for athletes classified as having severe gastrointestinal symptoms, but confirmed concern with bloating (three athletes showed a transient response at 2-h and only one continued until 3-h; p = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that CML presents good taste and high acceptability by the sampled athletes. Thus, CML may be an alternative sport drink for immediate post-workout supplementation to overcome the energy deficit, offer co-ingested leucine, maintain palatability and adherence including lactose intolerance following a team sport-specific fatigue. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-2vmpz9 , 10/12/2019, retrospectively registered.

Aerobic Training Modulates the Increase in Plasma Concentrations of Cytokines in response to a Session of Exercise.

Acute physical exercise can modulate immune function. For example, acute exercise is known to increase the circulating concentration of cytokines. Exercise is also known to modulate immune function chronically. It is not known whether exercise training can result in training of the immune system. Here, we investigated the effects of six weeks of aerobic training on cytokine responses induced by acute exercise until fatigue. Twelve healthy men performed a fatiguing exercise at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity. After the training period, the participants performed another bout of acute exercise at the same duration and intensity of the pretraining situation. The analysis was made at the beginning, end, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes during the recovery period. Training at AT induced a gain of 11.2% of exercise capacity. Before training, a single bout of acute exercise induced a significant increase in plasma levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-10, CXCL10, BDNF, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. After six weeks of aerobic training, levels of IL-6, sTNFR1, BDNF, and leptin increased to a lesser extent after an acute bout exercise at the same absolute intensity as the pretraining period. Responses to the same relative exercise intensity were similar to those observed before exercise. These results show that aerobic training is associated with training of acute immune responses to acute exercise until fatigue.

Muscle Damage-Based Recovery Strategies Can Be Supported by Predictive Capacity of Specific Global Positioning System Accelerometry Parameters Immediately a Post-Soccer Match-Load.

ABSTRACT: da Silva, CD, Machado, G, Fernandes, AA, Teoldo, I, Pimenta, EM, Marins, JCB, and Garcia, ES. Muscle damage-based recovery strategies can be supported by predictive capacity of specific global positioning system accelerometry parameters immediately after soccer match-load. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1410-1418, 2021-Soccer match-load can be linked to recovery kinetic markers. However, match variability hinders the magnitude of relationship between parameters of interest. Therefore, we examined the correlation between 21 global positioning system accelerometry (GPS-A) parameters and changes in serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, muscle soreness (MS), and perceptive recovery quality (PRQ) assessed at baseline (1 h before) and post (0 minute, 2, 4, and 24 hours) a standardized 90-minute match-simulation in 20 university players. Global positioning system accelerometry (15 Hz) data were tested as manufacturer and configurable thresholds. Four GPS-A parameters showed moderate to very large correlations with CK changes at all time points (average speed [avgSP, r = 0.75 to r = 0.84]; running symmetry foot strikes [RSfst, r = 0.53-0.63]; running series [RunS, r = 0.53-0.61]; and acceleration distance [AccD ≥ 1.5 m·s-2; r = 0.46-0.61]). Sprint count (≥2 m·s-2), AccD (≥2.5 m·s-2) and speed exertion (SpEx) had a moderate to large correlation (r = 0.46-0.56) with CK changes from 2 to 24 hours. Changes in MS at 0 minute had large correlation with avgSP (r = 0.53) and moderate with deceleration distance (≥-2 and ≥-3 m·s-2; r = 0.47, r = 0.48, respectively). The PRQ changes had moderate inverse correlation with avgSP at 0 minute (r = -0.39) and SpEx at 2 h (r = -0.69). Our results suggest that during a simulated soccer protocol with a standard workload, only the avgSP has practical application for predicting CK changes over 24 hours, allowing for a decision-making toward a postgame recovery based on previously known CK cutoff points. Global positioning system accelerometry parameters and subjective variables did not demonstrate relevant correlation.

Comparison of Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Profiles Among Brazilian Female Soccer National Teams From U15 to Senior Categories.

ABSTRACT: Ramos, GP, Nakamura, FY, Penna, EM, Mendes, TT, Mahseredjian, F, Lima, AM, Garcia, ES, Prado, LS, and Coimbra, CC. Comparison of physical fitness and anthropometrical profiles among Brazilian female soccer national teams from U15 to senior categories. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2302-2308, 2021-This study aimed to compare anthropometric and physical fitness of Brazilian female national team soccer players from the U15 to senior categories, and to compare the physical performance between selected and nonselected players. Subjects included 231 athletes (U15, n = 46, U17, n = 49, U20, n = 98, and Senior, n = 38). Body mass, height, sum of skinfolds, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m linear sprint, and Yo-Yo IR1 were assessed. The U15 players were shorter than all other groups (p < 0.01) and lighter than U20 players (p < 0.01). Regarding physical tests, Senior athletes presented higher SJ compared with U20, and both showed higher CMJ and SJ compared with the U15 and U17 (p < 0.05). Senior athletes were also faster than players of all other categories in 20-m sprint (p < 0.01) and covered the greatest distance in the Yo-Yo IR1 (p < 0.05). U20 were better in the Yo-Yo IR1 than the younger groups (p < 0.05). When comparing selected and nonselected players, no differences were identified in anthropometric measures (p > 0.05). However, selected players from U17, U20, and Senior teams showed better performance in Yo-Yo IR1 than nonselected ones (p < 0.05). Finally, selected senior athletes also presented higher CMJ and SJ than nonselected players (p < 0.05). These results suggest that, although there is a tendency for maintenance in anthropometric measures from the age of 15 years, there are substantial improvements in speed, lower-body power, and aerobic capacity from U20 age group. In addition, it seems that intermittent aerobic fitness contributes to the selection of players to international tournaments in national teams.

Preliminary Validation of Mirrored Scales for Monitoring Professional Soccer Training Sessions.

We aimed to create a single subjective method to assess both internal training loads and subsequent fatigue. This new training-fatigue (dose-response) scale (TFS) was composed of two similar scales with the same properties, metrics and construction criteria. These two scales were designed to rate the perceived exertion (RPETFS) and perceived fatigue (RPFTFS) in professional soccer players. Twenty-two athletes participated to establish reliability, and 15 participated to establish validity. For reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used. For criterion validity, the Spearman's correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses were applied. Associations between RPETFS and RPFTFS were verified by a chi square test, and a further factorial exploratory analysis was conducted. RPETFS and RPFTFS were found to be reliable (ICC 0.74 and 0.77, SEM 0.30 and 0.30, respectively) and valid. RPETFS was best explained by the internal load of the Banister training impulse (p < 0.001), while RPFTFS was best explained by the internal load of the Stagno training impulse (p < 0.001). An association was found between the scales (RPETFS and RPFTFS) in which training duration had a more substantial impact on these subjective perceptions than did training intensity (p < 0.01). RPETFS and RPFTFS scales are reliable and valid for monitoring training sessions in Brazilian professional soccer players. The simultaneous oscillations of the RPETFS and RPFTFS scores can be used by staff members to better plan weekly training programs based on dose-response ratings. Finally, training duration must be carefully controlled because it has a greater impact than intensity on subjective perceptions.

Lifetime overproduction of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) in rats attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle damage biomarkers after exhaustive exercise.

Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) can modulate glucose metabolism and protect against muscular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lifetime increase of circulating levels of Ang-(1-7) at exhaustive swimming exercise (ESE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic rats TGR(A1-7)3292 (TR) which overproduce Ang-(1-7) (2.5-fold increase) were submitted to ESE. The data showed no differences in time to exhaustion (SD: 4.90 ± 1.37 h vs. TR: 5.15 ± 1.15 h), creatine kinase, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß). Lactate dehydrogenase (SD: 219.9 ± 12.04 U/L vs. TR: 143.9 ± 35.21 U/L) and α-actinin (SD: 336.7 ± 104.5 U/L vs. TR: 224.6 ± 82.45 U/L) values were significantly lower in TR. There was a significant decrease in the range of blood glucose levels (SD: -41.4 ± 28.32 mg/dl vs. TR: -13.08 ± 39.63 mg/dl) in SD rats. Muscle (SD: 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/g vs. TR: 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/g) and hepatic glycogen (SD: 0.66 ± 0.36 mg/g vs. TG: 2.24 ± 1.85 mg/g) in TR were higher. The TR presented attenuation of the increase in skeletal muscle damage biomarkers and of the changes in glucose metabolism after ESE.

Correction: The influence of a hot environment on physiological stress responses in exercise until exhaustion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209510.].