Comparative Analysis of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The objective was to compare clinical characteristics, outcomes, and economic differences in complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR P. aeruginosa) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae). A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients with XDR P. aeruginosa and ESBL-K. pneumoniae cUTIs were compared. The primary outcome was clinical failure at day 7 and at the end of treatment (EOT). Secondary outcomes: 30- and 90-day mortality, microbiological eradication, and economic cost. Two-hundred and one episodes were included, of which 24.8% were bloodstream infections. Patients with XDR P. aeruginosa cUTI more frequently received inappropriate empirical therapy (p < 0.001). Nephrotoxicity due to antibiotics was only observed in the XDR P. aeruginosa group (26.7%). ESBL-K. pneumoniae cUTI was associated with worse eradication rates, higher recurrence, and higher infection-related readmission. In multivariate analysis, XDR P. aeruginosa was independently associated with clinical failure on day 7 of treatment (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.71−11.04) but not at EOT, or with mortality. Regarding hospital resource consumption, no significant differences were observed between groups. XDR P. aeruginosa cUTI was associated with worse early clinical cures and more antibiotic side effects than ESBL-K. pneumoniae infections. However, no differences in mortality or in hospitalization costs were observed.

Corrigendum: Impact of Non-Persistence on Healthcare Resource Utilization Costs in Patients With Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases Initiating Subcutaneous TNF-Alpha Inhibitors: A Before-and-After Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752879.].

Impact of Non-Persistence on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Patients With Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases Initiating Subcutaneous TNF-Alpha Inhibitors: A Before-and-After Study.

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are chronic progressive immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) that can cause a progressive disability and joint deformation and thus can impact in healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs. The main outcome of the study was to assess the effect of non-persistence to treatment with subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (SC-TNFis) on HCRU costs in naïve patients with IMRD who started treatment with adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab or certolizumab pegol during 12 months after initiation of treatment. The impact of persistence and non-persistence of SC-TNFis on HCRU costs was compared between 12 months before and 12 months after initiating SC-TNFis. Persistence was defined as the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy. The study was conducted in an acute care teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Data for the period between 2015 and 2018 were extracted from the hospital cost management control database. HCRU costs comprised outpatient care, outpatient specialized rheumatology care, in-patient care, emergency care, laboratory testing and other non-biological therapies. The study population included 110 naïve SC-TNFis patients, divided into the cohorts of persistent (n = 85) and non-persistent (n = 25) patients. Fifty-six percent of patients were women, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 47.6 (14.8) years. Baseline clinical features and HCRU costs over the 12 months before the index prescription were similar in the two study groups. Before-and-after differences in mean (standard deviation) HCRU costs were significantly higher in the non-persistence group as compared to the persistence group for outpatient rheumatology care (€110.90 [234.56] vs. €20.80 [129.59], p = 0.023), laboratory testing (-€193.99 [195.88] vs. -€241.3 [217.88], p = 0.025), other non-biological drugs (€3849.03 [4046.14] vs. -€10.90 [157.42], p < 0.001) and total costs (€3268.90 [4821.55] vs. -€334.67 (905.44), p < 0.001). Treatment persistence with SC-TNFis may be associated with HCRU cost savings in naïve IMRD patients. Prescribing SC-TNFis with the best long-term persistence is beneficial.

Incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia according to the focus of infection and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative microorganism in a university hospital.

To estimate the incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia according to the causative focus and classified by the antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganism.Patients admitted to Hospital del Mar in Barcelona from 2005 to 2012 were included. We analyzed the total hospital costs of patients with nosocomial bacteremia caused by microorganisms with a high prevalence and, often, with multidrug-resistance. A control group was defined by selecting patients without bacteremia in the same diagnosis-related group.Our hospital has a cost accounting system (full-costing) that uses activity-based criteria to estimate per-patient costs. A logistic regression was fitted to estimate the probability of developing bacteremia (propensity score) and was used for propensity-score matching adjustment. This propensity score was included in an econometric model to adjust the incremental cost of patients with bacteremia with differentiation of the causative focus and antibiotic sensitivity.The mean incremental cost was estimated at &OV0556;15,526. The lowest incremental cost corresponded to bacteremia caused by multidrug-sensitive urinary infection (&OV0556;6786) and the highest to primary or unknown sources of bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms (&OV0556;29,186).This is one of the first analyses to include all episodes of bacteremia produced during hospital stays in a single study. The study included accurate information about the focus and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative organism and actual hospital costs. It provides information that could be useful to improve, establish, and prioritize prevention strategies for nosocomial infections.

Cost Attributable to Nosocomial Bacteremia. Analysis According to Microorganism and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in a University Hospital in Barcelona.

AIM: To calculate the incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia caused by the most common organisms, classified by their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: We selected patients who developed nosocomial bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These microorganisms were analyzed because of their high prevalence and they frequently present multidrug resistance. A control group consisted of patients classified within the same all-patient refined-diagnosis related group without bacteremia. Our hospital has an established cost accounting system (full-costing) that uses activity-based criteria to analyze cost distribution. A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the probability of developing bacteremia for each admission (propensity score) and was used for propensity score matching adjustment. Subsequently, the propensity score was included in an econometric model to adjust the incremental cost of patients who developed bacteremia, as well as differences in this cost, depending on whether the microorganism was multidrug-resistant or multidrug-sensitive. RESULTS: A total of 571 admissions with bacteremia matched the inclusion criteria and 82,022 were included in the control group. The mean cost was € 25,891 for admissions with bacteremia and € 6,750 for those without bacteremia. The mean incremental cost was estimated at € 15,151 (CI, € 11,570 to € 18,733). Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa bacteremia had the highest mean incremental cost, € 44,709 (CI, € 34,559 to € 54,859). Antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had the lowest mean incremental cost, € 10,481 (CI, € 8,752 to € 12,210). Despite their lower cost, episodes of antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had a major impact due to their high frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment of hospital cost according to the organism causing bacteremia and antibiotic sensitivity could improve prevention strategies and allow their prioritization according to their overall impact and costs. Infection reduction is a strategy to reduce resistance.

Estimación del coste hospitalario del cáncer colorrectal en Cataluña / Estimation of hospital costs of colorectal cancer in Catalonia (Spain)

Objetivo: Estimar el coste hospitalario del tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) según estadio, tipo de coste y fase de evolución de la enfermedad en un hospital público. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de costes de la atención hospitalaria del CCR de una cohorte de 699 pacientes con diagnóstico y tratamiento de CCR entre los años 2000 y 2006 en el Hospital del Mar, con seguimiento de hasta 5 años desde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, a partir de bases de datos clínico-administrativas. Se analizó el coste medio por estadio, tipo de coste y fase de evolución de la enfermedad. Resultados: El coste medio por paciente en casos con diagnóstico in situ fue de 6573 Euros. Este coste aumentó en estadios más avanzados y llegó a los 36.894 Euros en el estadio III. Los principales componentes del coste fueron la cirugía-hospitalización (59,2%) y la quimioterapia (19,4%). En estadios más avanzados, el peso de la cirugía-hospitalización disminuyó, mientras que el de la quimioterapia aumentó. Conclusión: Este estudio proporciona el coste hospitalario del tratamiento del CCR calculado a partir de la práctica clínica habitual. La cirugía y el tratamiento quimioterápico son los principales componentes del coste. Los resultados obtenidos aportarán la información necesaria para los análisis de coste-efectividad de distintas iniciativas preventivas e innovaciones terapéuticas en nuestro entorno (AU)

Objective: To assess the hospital cost associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment by stage at diagnosis, type of cost and disease phase in a public hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the hospital costs associated with a cohort of 699 patients diagnosed with CRC and treated for this disease between 2000 and 2006 in a teaching hospital and who had a 5-year follow-up from the time of diagnosis. Data were collected from clinical-administrative databases. Mean costs per patient were analysed by stage at diagnosis, cost type and disease phase. Results: The mean cost per patient ranged from 6,573 Euros for patients with a diagnosis of CRC in situto 36,894 Euros in those diagnosed in stage III. The main cost components were surgery-inpatient care (59.2%) and chemotherapy (19.4%). Advanced disease stages were associated with a decrease in the relative weight of surgical and inpatient care costs and an increase in chemotherapy costs. Conclusions: This study provides the costs of CRC treatment based on clinical practice, with chemotherapy and surgery accounting for the major cost components. This cost analysis is a baseline study that will provide a useful source of information for future studies on cost-effectiveness and on the budget impact of different therapeutic innovations in Spain (AU)

[Estimation of hospital costs of colorectal cancer in Catalonia (Spain)]. / Estimación del coste hospitalario del cáncer colorrectal en Cataluña.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the hospital cost associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment by stage at diagnosis, type of cost and disease phase in a public hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the hospital costs associated with a cohort of 699 patients diagnosed with CRC and treated for this disease between 2000 and 2006 in a teaching hospital and who had a 5-year follow-up from the time of diagnosis. Data were collected from clinical-administrative databases. Mean costs per patient were analysed by stage at diagnosis, cost type and disease phase. RESULTS: The mean cost per patient ranged from 6,573 Euros for patients with a diagnosis of CRC in situ to 36,894 € in those diagnosed in stage III. The main cost components were surgery-inpatient care (59.2%) and chemotherapy (19.4%). Advanced disease stages were associated with a decrease in the relative weight of surgical and inpatient care costs and an increase in chemotherapy costs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the costs of CRC treatment based on clinical practice, with chemotherapy and surgery accounting for the major cost components. This cost analysis is a baseline study that will provide a useful source of information for future studies on cost-effectiveness and on the budget impact of different therapeutic innovations in Spain.