Autochthonous Wheat Grown in Organic and Conventional Systems: Nutritional Quality of Flour and Bread.

A growing interest in the recovery and enhancement of crops, particularly local varieties such as 'Caaveiro' wheat, has been observed. This study aims to investigate the impact of cultivation systems (organic versus conventional) on the nutritional quality of 'Caaveiro' flour and breads protected by the PGI "Pan Galego," employing two fermentation methods (sourdough versus sourdough and biological yeast). Organic flour exhibited significantly higher levels of moisture, fat, sucrose, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) while also exhibiting a lower total starch and zinc (Zn) content. Organic bread, produced using both fermentation methods, demonstrated significantly higher protein, carbohydrate, total, resistant, and rapidly digestible starch, ash, Na, P, iron (Fe), and Cu content. Additionally, they contained less moisture compared to conventional bread. Despite variations in nutritional characteristics based on the cultivation system, the organic approach proved effective at producing high-quality products with a positive environmental impact, which is highly appreciated by consumers.

Dysfunctional antioxidant capacity of high-density lipoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) presents atheroprotective functions not readily reflected by plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to investigate HDL antioxidant function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: This pilot and cross-sectional study included 50 RA patients and 50 controls matched by age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors and drug therapy. The antioxidant capacity of HDL was assessed by the total radical-trapping antioxidative potential test (TRAP-assay) and the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation by the Conjugated Dienes Assay (Dmax ). A carotid ultrasound was performed in all participants to detect subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS: High-density lipoprotein from RA patients showed lower antioxidant capacity than those from controls [oxidized-LDL%: 35.8 (27-42) vs. 24.4 (20-32), p < .001] when analysed with the TRAP-assay. In addition, the time to achieve 50% of maximal LDL oxidation (Lag-time) was shorter in RA-patients than in matched controls [57.2 (42-71) vs. 69.5 (55-75) minutes, (p = .003)]. RA patients showed a higher atherosclerotic burden than controls. The pro-oxidant pattern in RA was irrespective of the presence of carotid atherosclerosis. On the contrary, there was a positive correlation between inflammatory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and fibrinogen) and the loss of HDL-anti-oxidant capacity measured by the TRAP-assay (rho = .211, p = .035; rho = .231, p = .021 and rho = .206, p = .041, respectively). Furthermore, the glucocorticoid dose at recruitment was negatively associated with the Lag-time in RA patients (rho = -.387, p = .026). CONCLUSION: Rheumatoid arthritis patients present reduced HDL antioxidant capacity and a lower resistance of LDL particles to oxidation, mainly related to the degree of inflammation.

Daño en la pared arterial de las ratas Wistar sometidas a dieta hiperglucídica / Arterial wall damage in Wistar rats subjected to a hyperglycemic diet

RESUMEN Introducción: Los modelos experimentales en animales proporcionan una valiosa información para comprender los procesos fisiopatológicos de las lesiones de los vasos sanguíneos y sus consecuencias. Objetivo: Analizar los cambios histológicos y morfométricos que se observaron en la aorta abdominal de las ratas Wistar sometidas a una dieta hiperglucídica. Métodos: Se formaron aleatoriamente dos grupos experimentales de 10 animales cada uno. El grupo control alimentado con dieta estándar para la especie, y el grupo experimental alimentado con dieta estándar más sacarosa al 35 %, como agua de bebida desde el destete hasta las 20 semanas de vida. El estudio se realizó en muestras de aorta fijadas y procesadas por la técnica clásica de inclusión en parafina y coloreadas con las técnicas de hematoxilina - eosina y Verhoeff. Se realizó la descripción de las capas de la pared arterial y la determinación de variables morfométricas en cada lámina histológica. Resultados: Las ratas Wistar pertenecientes al grupo experimental desarrollaron modificaciones incipientes en la pared arterial de la aorta abdominal, las cuales corresponden con la presencia de tumefacción en la célula endotelial y vacuolización en la célula muscular lisa vascular, así como marcada desorganización de las fibras elásticas y musculares de la capa media. Las variables morfométricas que mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos fueron el grosor de la túnica media y el cociente media/ lumen. Conclusiones: La pared media resultó ser la capa más afectada demostrándose el efecto nocivo de la dieta hiperglucídica en la pared arterial.

ABSTRACT Introduction: experimental animal models provide valuable information to understand the physiological and pathological processes of blood vessel injuries and their consequences. Objective: to analyze the histological and morphometric changes observed in the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats subjected to a hyperglycemic diet. Methods: two experimental groups of 10 animals each were randomly formed. The control group was fed with a standard diet for this species, and the experimental group was fed with a standard diet plus 35% sucrose, as drinking water from weaning to 20 weeks of life. The study was performed on aortic samples fixed and processed by the classic paraffin embedding technique and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and Verhoeff techniques. The description of the layers of the arterial wall and the determination of morphometric variables in each histological slide were made. Results: the Wistar rats belonging to the experimental group developed incipient changes in the arterial wall of the abdominal aorta, which correspond to the presence of endothelial cell swelling and vacuolation in the vascular smooth muscle cell, as well as marked disorganization of the muscle and elastic fibers of the middle layer. The morphometric variables that showed significant differences between the groups were the thickness of the tunica media and the media/lumen ratio. Conclusions: the middle wall turned out to be the most affected layer, demonstrating the harmful effect of the hyperglycemic diet on the arterial wall.

Invariance of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Construct Across Clinical Populations and Sociodemographic Variables.

Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI). Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct's nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% from Chile (120), 28% from Peru (150), and 49% from Spain (258). The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (to test measurement invariance) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education (i.e., strong invariance), although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy.

Element Content in Different Wheat Flours and Bread Varieties.

The most consumed cereal-based product worldwide is bread. "Caaveiro", an autochthonous variety with a recent growing interest, is one of the wheat varieties that fulfill the 25% local flour requirement in the PGI "Pan Galego" bread baking industry. The element content of the refined wheat flours used to make "Pan Galego" (''Caaveiro'', FCv; Castilla, FC; and a mixture of both, FM) was evaluated in ICP-MS. In addition, wholegrain flour (FWM) was included in the analysis. Loaves of bread were made with these flours (a, 100% FC; b, 100% FCv); and c, FM: 75% FC + 25% FCv) and their element content was analyzed. Wholegrain flour ranked the highest in almost all elements, highlighting the P (494.80 mg/100 g), while the FM and the FC presented the opposite behavior, with the highest Se values (14.4 and 15.8 mg/100 g, respectively). FCv was situated in an intermediate position regarding P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe and Na content, standing closer to FWM, although it presents the highest values for Cu (1076.3 µg/100 g). The differences observed in flour were maintained in bread. Hence, the local cultivar ''Caaveiro'' has an interesting nutritional profile from the point of view of the element content.

CO2 Levels Modulate Carbon Utilization, Energy Levels and Inositol Polyphosphate Profile in Chlorella.

Microalgae have a growing recognition of generating biomass and capturing carbon in the form of CO2. The genus Chlorella has especially attracted scientists' attention due to its versatility in algal mass cultivation systems and its potential in mitigating CO2. However, some aspects of how these green microorganisms respond to increasing concentrations of CO2 remain unclear. In this work, we analyzed Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris cells under low and high CO2 levels. We monitored different processes related to carbon flux from photosynthetic capacity to carbon sinks. Our data indicate that high concentration of CO2 favors growth and photosynthetic capacity of the two Chlorella strains. Different metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP levels also increased under high CO2 concentrations in Chlorella sorokiniana, reaching up to two-fold compared to low CO2 conditions. The signaling molecules, inositol polyphosphates, that regulate photosynthetic capacity in green microalgae were also affected by the CO2 levels, showing a deep profile modification of the inositol polyphosphates that over-accumulated by up to 50% in high CO2 versus low CO2 conditions. InsP4 and InsP6 increased 3- and 0.8-fold, respectively, in Chlorella sorokiniana after being subjected to 5% CO2 condition. These data indicate that the availability of CO2 could control carbon flux from photosynthesis to carbon storage and impact cell signaling integration and energy levels in these green cells. The presented results support the importance of further investigating the connections between carbon assimilation and cell signaling by polyphosphate inositols in microalgae to optimize their biotechnological applications.

Síndrome metabólico experimental: herramienta para el desarrollo de capacidades formativas en ciencias médicas / Experimental metabolic syndrome: a tool for the development of training skills in medical sciences

RESUMEN El artículo resume los resultados más importantes logrados a partir de la aplicación de un biomodelo de síndrome metabólico para la solución de varias problemáticas científicas. El modelo experimental se logró con la aplicación crónica de una dieta rica en sacarosa como agua de bebida a ratas Wistar machos durante 20 semanas desde la edad neonatal. Se contabilizaron parámetros bioquímicos, biométricos, presión arterial, y en el momento del sacrificio se detectaron alteraciones histológicas. Es objetivo de los autores comunicar los aportes de su implementación por su utilidad en el desarrollo de investigaciones científicas sobre temas afines en los currículos de pregrado y posgrado.

ABSTRACT In the article, the most important results achieved from the application of a metabolic syndrome biomodel for the solution of several scientific problems, are summarized. The experimental model was achieved by applying a high sucrose diet as drinking water to male Wistar rats since neonatal age for 20 weeks. Biochemical, biometric and blood pressure parameters were measured and at the time of slaughter histological alterations were identified. It is the authors' objective to share the contributions of implementing it because of its usefulness in the development of scientific research on related topics included in undergraduate and graduate curricula.

Hallazgo necrópsico de nefroblastoma asociado a síndrome metabólico experimental / Necropsic finding of nephroblastoma associated to experimental metabolic syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico presenta entre sus manifestaciones la obesidad, la cual se encuentra relacionada con el desarrollo de cáncer. Sin embargo, no habíamos encontrado en cuatro años ningún caso de neoplasias malignas en animales con síndrome metabólico. Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo de un tumor maligno a nivel renal en modelo experimental de síndrome metabólico. Métodos: El biomodelo experimental se logró por la aplicación de una solución de sacarosa al 35 por ciento, durante 20 semanas a 50 ratas machos Wistar destetados. El diagnóstico de nefroblastoma se realizó mediante necropsia con observación morfológica de la lesión renal. Resultados: Confirmado el síndrome metabólico se detectó en un caso, una masa palpable en abdomen. En la inspección macroscópica se observó un tumor en el polo inferior del riñón derecho, color pardo grisáceo, con hemorragia y cambios quísticos. Histológicamente se observaron alteraciones propias de un nefroblastoma mixto con componentes del blastema, mesenquimal y epitelial. Conclusiones: Se describe por vez primera, en estudio anatomopatológico, la presencia de un caso de nefroblastoma en rata con síndrome metabólico experimental(AU)

Introduction: One of the manifestations of metabolic syndrome is obesity, which is in turn related to the development of cancer. However, in four years we had not found any case of malignant neoplasms in animals with metabolic syndrome. Objective: Describe the development of a malignant renal tumor in an experimental metabolic syndrome model. Methods: The experimental biomodel was made applying a 35 percent saccharose solution to 50 male weaned Wistar rats for 20 weeks. The diagnosis of nephroblastoma was achieved by necropsy with morphological observation of the renal lesion. Results: Upon metabolic syndrome confirmation, a palpable mass was detected in the abdomen of one of the cases. Macroscopic observation revealed a grayish brown tumor in the lower pole of the right kidney with hemorrhaging and cystic changes. Histological examination found alterations typical of mixed nephroblastoma with blastema, mesenchymal and epithelial components. Conclusions: This is the first time a description is provided in an anatomopathological study of a case of nephroblastoma in a rat with experimental metabolic syndrome(AU)

Osteoporosis y calcificación vascular: un escenario compartido / Osteoporosis and vascular calcification: A shared scenario

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad esquelética sistémica, caracterizada por baja masa ósea y deterioro en la microarquitectura del tejido óseo, que origina un aumento de la fragilidad ósea y, en consecuencia, mayor susceptibilidad a fracturas. Es la enfermedad metabólica ósea más frecuente en nuestra población, y las fracturas resultantes de la osteoporosis son cada vez más comunes. Por otro lado, la calcificación vascular es un factor de riesgo reconocido de morbimortalidad cardiovascular, que históricamente era considerada como un proceso pasivo y degenerativo. Sin embargo, en la actualidad se reconoce como un proceso activo que tiene características histopatológicas, de composición mineral y de mecanismos de iniciación y desarrollo propias de la formación del hueso. Paradójicamente, los pacientes con osteoporosis muestran con frecuencia calcificaciones vasculares. Tradicionalmente se han considerado como procesos independientes relacionados con la edad, aunque estudios epidemiológicos recientes han evidenciado que existe una estrecha relación entre la pérdida de masa ósea y la calcificación vascular, independiente de la edad. De hecho, ambas entidades comparten factores de riesgo y mecanismos fisiopatológicos. Entre ellos destacan la relación entre proteínas de origen óseo, como la osteopontina y la osteoprotegerina, con la patología vascular, y el sistema intercelular proteico RANK/RANKL/OPG y la vía de señalización Wnt. Los mecanismos vinculados en ambas patologías deben considerarse en las decisiones clínicas, dado que los tratamientos para la osteoporosis podrían tener efectos imprevistos en la calcificación vascular, y a la inversa. En definitiva, una mejor comprensión de la relación entre ambas entidades puede contribuir a plantear estrategias para disminuir la prevalencia creciente de calcificación vascular y osteoporosis en la población que envejece

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, characterised by low bone mass and deterioration in the micro-architecture of bone tissue, which causes increased bone fragility and consequently greater susceptibility to fractures. It is the most frequent metabolic bone disease in our population, and fractures resulting from osteoporosis are becoming more common. Furthermore, vascular calcification is a recognised risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that historically has been considered a passive and degenerative process. However, it is currently recognised as an active process, which has histopathological characteristics, mineral composition and initiation and development mechanisms characteristic of bone formation. Paradoxically, patients with osteoporosis frequently show vascular calcifications. Traditionally, they have been considered as independent processes related to age, although more recent epidemiological studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the loss of bone mass and vascular calcification, regardless of age. In fact, both conditions share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. These include the relationship between proteins of bone origin, such as osteopontin and osteoprotegerin (OPG), with vascular pathology, and the intercellular protein system RANK/RANKL/OPG and the Wnt signalling pathway. The mechanisms linked in both pathologies should be considered in clinical decisions, given that treatments for osteoporosis could have unforeseen effects on vascular calcification, and viceversa. In short, a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing strategies to reduce the increasing prevalence of vascular calcification and osteoporosis in the aging population

Osteoporosis and vascular calcification: A shared scenario. / Osteoporosis y calcificación vascular: un escenario compartido.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, characterised by low bone mass and deterioration in the micro-architecture of bone tissue, which causes increased bone fragility and consequently greater susceptibility to fractures. It is the most frequent metabolic bone disease in our population, and fractures resulting from osteoporosis are becoming more common. Furthermore, vascular calcification is a recognised risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that historically has been considered a passive and degenerative process. However, it is currently recognised as an active process, which has histopathological characteristics, mineral composition and initiation and development mechanisms characteristic of bone formation. Paradoxically, patients with osteoporosis frequently show vascular calcifications. Traditionally, they have been considered as independent processes related to age, although more recent epidemiological studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the loss of bone mass and vascular calcification, regardless of age. In fact, both conditions share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. These include the relationship between proteins of bone origin, such as osteopontin and osteoprotegerin (OPG), with vascular pathology, and the intercellular protein system RANK/RANKL/OPG and the Wnt signalling pathway. The mechanisms linked in both pathologies should be considered in clinical decisions, given that treatments for osteoporosis could have unforeseen effects on vascular calcification, and vice versa. In short, a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing strategies to reduce the increasing prevalence of vascular calcification and osteoporosis in the aging population.

Salud emocional del personal sanitario del Área de Urgencias durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Emotional health of emergency area workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

No disponible

Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Negative Affects: A Study in a Sample of Spanish Children and Adolescent School Students.

Nowadays, mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have experienced a remarkable development of studies among childhood and adolescent interventions. For this reason, dispositional mindfulness (DM) measures for children and adolescents have been developed to determine the effectiveness of MBI at this age stage. However, little is known about how key elements of DM (for example, cognitive de/fusion or experiential avoidance that both confirm psychological inflexibility) are involved in the mechanisms of the children and adolescents' mental health outcomes. This research examined the mediating effect of cognitive fusion between DM and anxiety and other negative emotional states in a sample of 318 Spanish primary-school students (aged between 8 and 16 years, M = 11.24, SD = 2.19, 50.8% males). Participants completed the AFQ-Y (Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for youth), which is a measure of psychological inflexibility that encompasses cognitive defusion and experiential avoidance; CAMM (DM for children and adolescents), PANAS-N (positive and negative affect measure for children, Spanish version of PANASC), and STAIC (an anxiety measure for children). The study accomplished ethical standards. As MBI relevant literature has suggested, cognitive defusion was a significant mediator between DM and symptoms of both negative emotions and anxiety in children and adolescents. However, experiential avoidance did not show any significant mediating relationship. Probably, an improvement of the assessment of experiential avoidance is needed. MBI programs for children and adolescents may include more activities for reducing effects of the cognitive defusion on their emotional distress.

[Nutrition and gastronomy in the community of Cantabria]. / Nutrición y gastronomía en la comunidad de Cantabria.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Cantabria is characterized by a large coastal territory and an important livestock tradition, which define its gastronomy. Objectives: population increasingly demands a healthy gastronomy, which promotes a state of health. We will analyze how is the gastronomy, food consumption, and nutritional profile in the community of Cantabria. We will try to relate it to the prevalence of obesity in Cantabria Methods: bibliographic search of scientific articles in PubMed, Google academic databases, and nutrition books. In addition, a search of materials in newspapers of Cantabria and institutions of Cantabria has been developed. Results: in Cantabria a greater amount of fish, oil, dairy products, pastries, pastries, cookies and cereals and fresh fruits is consumed compared to the national average. However, the consumption of soft drinks and soda, fresh vegetables, and bread is lower. With Galicia it occupies the first place in the consumption of fish, food of high nutritional value and high protein content. This consumption profile could contribute to lower energy intake (2038 kcal in 2016) and influence the prevalence of obesity in our community. According to data from 2016, Cantabria with a rate of 17,6% is the fourth community with the lowest prevalence of obesity in Spain. Conclusions: although the prevalence of obesity in our community is in the last places in Spain, the recommendations and nutritional objectives established for the Spanish population have not been reached. Cantabrian gastronomy has to promote a healthy diet, based on a lower contribution of fats and more complex carbohydrates to reach these recommendations.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: Cantabria se caracteriza por un gran territorio costero y una importante tradición ganadera, que definen su gastronomía. Objetivos: la población demanda cada vez más una gastronomía saludable que promueva un buen estado de salud. Analizaremos cómo es la gastronomía, el consumo alimentario y el perfil nutricional en Cantabria, y trataremos de relacionarlo con la prevalencia de obesidad. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos en las bases de datos PubMed, Google Académico y en tratados de nutrición. Además, se ha realizado una búsqueda de materiales en la prensa local y en las instituciones de Cantabria. Resultados: en Cantabria se consume más pescado, aceite, derivados lácteos, bollería, pastelería, galletas y cereales y frutas frescas que la media nacional. Sin embargo, el consumo de bebidas refrescantes y gaseosas, hortalizas frescas y pan es menor. Junto a Galicia, ocupa el primer puesto en el consumo de pescado, alimento de alto valor nutritivo y elevado contenido proteico. Este perfil de consumo podría contribuir a que la ingesta energética sea menor (2038 kcal en 2016) e influir en la prevalencia de obesidad. Cantabria, en 2016, con una tasa de 17,6%, fue la cuarta comunidad con menor obesidad en España. Conclusiones: aunque la prevalencia de obesidad en nuestra comunidad se encuentra en los últimos puestos de España, no se alcanzan las recomendaciones y objetivos nutricionales establecidos para la población española. La gastronomía cántabra ha de promover una alimentación saludable, basada en un menor aporte de grasas y mayor de hidratos de carbono complejos para cumplir estas recomendaciones.

Nutrición y gastronomía en la comunidad de Cantabria / Nutrition and gastronomy in the community of Cantabria

Introducción: Cantabria se caracteriza por un gran territorio costero y una importante tradición ganadera, que definen su gastronomía. Objetivos: la población demanda cada vez más una gastronomía saludable que promueva un buen estado de salud. Analizaremos cómo es la gastronomía, el consumo alimentario y el perfil nutricional en Cantabria, y trataremos de relacionarlo con la prevalencia de obesidad. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos en las bases de datos PubMed, Google Académico y en tratados de nutrición. Además, se ha realizado una búsqueda de materiales en la prensa local y en las instituciones de Cantabria. Resultados: en Cantabria se consume más pescado, aceite, derivados lácteos, bollería, pastelería, galletas y cereales y frutas frescas que la media nacional. Sin embargo, el consumo de bebidas refrescantes y gaseosas, hortalizas frescas y pan es menor. Junto a Galicia, ocupa el primer puesto en el consumo de pescado, alimento de alto valor nutritivo y elevado contenido proteico. Este perfil de consumo podría contribuir a que la ingesta energética sea menor (2038 kcal en 2016) e influir en la prevalencia de obesidad. Cantabria, en 2016, con una tasa de 17,6%, fue la cuarta comunidad con menor obesidad en España. Conclusiones: aunque la prevalencia de obesidad en nuestra comunidad se encuentra en los últimos puestos de España, no se alcanzan las recomendaciones y objetivos nutricionales establecidos para la población española. La gastronomía cántabra ha de promover una alimentación saludable, basada en un menor aporte de grasas y mayor de hidratos de carbono complejos para cumplir estas recomendaciones

Introduction: Cantabria is characterized by a large coastal territory and an important livestock tradition, which define its gastronomy. Objectives: population increasingly demands a healthy gastronomy, which promotes a state of health. We will analyze how is the gastronomy, food consumption, and nutritional profile in the community of Cantabria. We will try to relate it to the prevalence of obesity in Cantabria Methods: bibliographic search of scientific articles in PubMed, Google academic databases, and nutrition books. In addition, a search of materials in newspapers of Cantabria and institutions of Cantabria has been developed. Results: in Cantabria a greater amount of fish, oil, dairy products, pastries, pastries, cookies and cereals and fresh fruits is consumed compared to the national average. However, the consumption of soft drinks and soda, fresh vegetables, and bread is lower. With Galicia it occupies the first place in the consumption of fish, food of high nutritional value and high protein content. This consumption profile could contribute to lower energy intake (2038 kcal in 2016) and influence the prevalence of obesity in our community. According to data from 2016, Cantabria with a rate of 17,6% is the fourth community with the lowest prevalence of obesity in Spain. Conclusions: although the prevalence of obesity in our community is in the last places in Spain, the recommendations and nutritional objectives established for the Spanish population have not been reached. Cantabrian gastronomy has to promote a healthy diet, based on a lower contribution of fats and more complex carbohydrates to reach these recommendations

A Brief Spanish Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). A Dispositional Mindfulness Measure.

Dispositional Mindfulness (DM) is the awareness of the thoughts and feelings in the present moment. DM in children and adolescents has been related to mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based interventions, which have shown significant mediation relationships with mental health outcomes (for instance, lower social anxiety, depression symptoms, or perceived stress). However, the assessment of DM among children and adolescents is being unsatisfactory due cultural biases and/or reliability issues. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in a sample of 687 children and adolescents between 8 and 16 years old. Although the CAMM has been validated in English, Portuguese, Italian, and Catalonian versions, until now no data has been reported in a Spanish context. Results showed that the best CAMM factor structure was constituted by five items from the original version (1, 4, 7, 8, and 9). These items defined dispositional mindfulness. The rest of the items (2, 3, 5, 6, and 10) were eliminated from the Spanish final version. The analyses revealed good reliability and internal consistency for the Spanish version of the CAMM. As we expected, the confirmatory factor analysis showed the unidimensional structure of the CAMM.

High prevalence of gallstone disease in rheumatoid arthritis: A new comorbidity related to dyslipidemia? / Alta prevalencia de litiasis biliar en la artritis reumatoide: ¿una nueva comorbilidad relacionada con la dislipidemia?

Objective: To assess the prevalence of gallstone disease and identify associated risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to the general population. Methods: Eighty-four women with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Each patient was assessed via a structured interview, physical examination, abdominal ultrasound and blood test including lipid profile. The prevalence of gallstone disease in rheumatoid arthritis was compared with data from a study of the Spanish population matched by age groups. Results: Twenty-eight of the 84 women had gallstone disease (33.3%). RA women with and without gallstone disease were similar in most of the variables assessed, except for older age and menopausal status in the former. A greater prevalence of gallstone disease was seen in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to the general population of the same age; however, the differences were significant only in women aged 60 or older (45.5% versus 23.1% respectively, P-value .008). The age-adjusted OR of developing gallstone disease in RA women compared with general population women was 2,3 (95% CI: 1.3-4.1). A significantly higher HDL3-c subfraction and higher apoA-I/HDL and HDL3-c/TC ratios were observed in patients with gallstone disease. Conclusion: Women with rheumatoid arthritis may have a predisposition to gallstones that can manifest in middle or older age compared with women in the general population. This situation could be related to chronic inflammation and HDL metabolism

Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de litiasis biliar e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) en comparación con la población general. Métodos: Ochenta y cuatro mujeres con AR fueron incluidas en el estudio. Cada paciente fue evaluada a través de una entrevista estructurada, un examen físico, una ecografía abdominal y un análisis de sangre que incluía el perfil lipídico. La prevalencia de litiasis biliar en AR se comparó con los datos de un estudio de la población española emparejada por grupos de edad. Resultados: Veintiocho de las 84 mujeres tenían litiasis biliar (33,3%). Las pacientes con y sin colelitiasis fueron similares en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas, a excepción de la edad más avanzada y mayor prevalencia de estado menopáusico en las pacientes con AR. Las pacientes con AR presentaban una mayor prevalencia de litiasis biliar en comparación con la población general de la misma edad; sin embargo, estas diferencias solo fueron significativas en mujeres de 60 años o más (45,5% vs. 23,1% respectivamente, p-valor 0,008). La OR ajustada por edad de presentar litiasis biliar en mujeres con AR respecto a mujeres de la población general fue de 2,3 (IC del 95%: 1,3-4,1). Se observó una subfracción de c-HDL3 significativamente más alta y una relación mayor de apoA-I/HDL y c-HDL3/TC en las pacientes con litiasis biliar. Conclusión: Las mujeres con AR pueden tener una mayor predisposición a la presencia de litiasis biliar en comparación con las mujeres en la población general, sobre todo en edades más avanzadas. Esta situación podría estar relacionada con la inflamación crónica y el metabolismo de las HDL

High prevalence of gallstone disease in rheumatoid arthritis: A new comorbidity related to dyslipidemia?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of gallstone disease and identify associated risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to the general population. METHODS: Eighty-four women with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Each patient was assessed via a structured interview, physical examination, abdominal ultrasound and blood test including lipid profile. The prevalence of gallstone disease in rheumatoid arthritis was compared with data from a study of the Spanish population matched by age groups. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 84 women had gallstone disease (33.3%). RA women with and without gallstone disease were similar in most of the variables assessed, except for older age and menopausal status in the former. A greater prevalence of gallstone disease was seen in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to the general population of the same age; however, the differences were significant only in women aged 60 or older (45.5% versus 23.1% respectively, P-value .008). The age-adjusted OR of developing gallstone disease in RA women compared with general population women was 2,3 (95% CI: 1.3-4.1). A significantly higher HDL3-c subfraction and higher apoA-I/HDL and HDL3-c/TC ratios were observed in patients with gallstone disease. CONCLUSION: Women with rheumatoid arthritis may have a predisposition to gallstones that can manifest in middle or older age compared with women in the general population. This situation could be related to chronic inflammation and HDL metabolism.

Do Trait Emotional Intelligence and Dispositional Mindfulness Have a Complementary Effect on the Children's and Adolescents' Emotional States?

Mindfulness is both a non-judgmental and present-centered awareness, which has been applied to reduce negative emotions. On the other hand, Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) is the way of how good people perceive their emotional intelligence abilities (perceiving, expressing, understanding, and regulating emotions), which are involved in people's social functioning. This empirical study was designed to analyze whether dispositional mindfulness (DM) and TEI have a potential combined role for children and adolescent's emotional states. In a sample of primary school students (N = 318), age ranged from 8 to 16 years old (M = 11.25, SD = 2.20), participants filled a TEI measure (ESCQ, Emotional skills and competence questionnaire) and two measures of DM (CAMM, Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure and AFQ-Y, Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth). Measures selected included: PANAS (Positive affect and negative affect schedule), White Bear Suppression Inventory (a thought suppression inventory), and STAIC (State-Trait Anxiety for Children). Findings pointed out that TEI measures (labeling and expression, understanding, and managing emotions) were positively and significantly related to positive emotional states (especially, positive affect and balance) and negatively with a lower association with state anxiety. However, DM measures were both negatively and strongly associated with negative emotional states (thought suppression, negative affect, and anxiety). Conclusions indicate that a combined effect of both TEI skills and DM based interventions would be more complete than each one separately for better social functioning of children and teenagers.