Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Adulto , Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/economia , Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Apoio Social , Fatores Sociológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The study of pre-translational effects (ionization, tautomerization) and post-translational effects (methylation) of adenine and thymine has only recently been the focus of some studies. These effects can potentially help regulate gene expression as well as potentially disrupt normal gene function. Because of this wide array of roles, greater insight into these effects in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) are paramount. There has been considerable research of each phenomenon (tautomerization, methylation and ionization) individually. In this work, we attempt to shed light upon the pre-translational effects and post translational effects of adenine and thymine by investigating the electron affinities (EAs) and ionization potentials (IPs) of the major and minor tautomers and their methyl derivatives. We performed all calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP functional accompanied with 6-311G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(df,pd) basis sets. Our results reveal that the thymine tautomer has a higher EA and IP than the adenine tautomers. The higher EA suggests that an electron that attaches to the AT base pair would predominately attach to the thymine instead of adenine. The higher IP would suggest that an electron that is removed from the AT base pair would be predominately removed from the adenine within the base pair. Understanding how tautomerization, ionization and methylation differences change effects, discourages, or promotes one another is lacking. In this work, we begin the steps of integrating these effects with one another, to gain a greater understanding of molecular changes in DNA bases.
Assuntos
Adenina/química , DNA/química , Modelos Teóricos , Timina/química , Adenina/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Elétrons , Metilação , Timina/metabolismoRESUMO
Limited data on patients with bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase makes implementing evidence-based treatments for maintenance therapy difficult. But, clinicians can practice evidence-based treatment by applying the data to individual patient's needs. The clinician provides the knowledge base, which should then by aligned with individual patient factors that may have an effect on treatment. Implementing this dynamic clinician-patient alliance and individualizing treatment gives patients their best possible outcome.
