RESUMO
Placental health is critical to fetal growth and maternal health during gestation. However, investigating placental flow in an ex-vivo isolated system where inflow is independently controlled has yet to be developed in the rat. Here, we describe a novel technique, isolated perfused placenta technique that allows for analysis of placental pressure outflow pressure, placental flow in rats at gestational day 20. Using this method, we successfully perfused placentas from dams and were able to observe increases in outflow pressure and flow as the inflow pressure to the placenta was increased in a step wise fashion. This method will help to advance the functional analysis of placental flow and therefore placental resistance and efficiency.
RESUMO
Nonmelanotic skin cancer, primarily basal and squamous cell carcinoma, represents a major health concern in both the United States and the world. Primary care physicians must be able to recognize these cancers and perform the appropriate diagnostic tests to confirm their clinical suspicion. Several biopsy techniques are available for the physician to use in their office, and once diagnosis is confirmed, a variety of treatment modalities exist that provide excellent cure rates. Nevertheless, primary prevention with the use of sunscreen, protective clothing, and wide-brimmed hats is necessary to reduce the incidence of this costly disease.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Biópsia/métodos , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Luz Solar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The pigeon's discrimination of visual displays comprising from 2 to 16 computer icons that were either the same as or different from one another was studied. Discrimination of Same from Different displays improved when the displays contained more icons, both after training with just 16-icon displays (Experiment 1) and after training with 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-icon displays (Experiment 2). That improvement was specific to displays of different icons; accuracy to displays of same icons did not differ as a function of icon number. These results were well described by the degree of variability or entropy in multielement visual displays.
