RESUMO
The genome organization of woodpeckers has several distinctive features e.g., an uncommon accumulation of repetitive sequences, enlarged Z chromosomes, and atypical diploid numbers. Despite the large diversity of species, there is a paucity of detailed cytogenomic studies for this group and we thus aimed to rectify this. Genome organization patterns and hence evolutionary change in the microchromosome formation of four species (Colaptes campestris, Veniliornis spilogaster, Melanerpes candidus, and Picumnus nebulosus) was established through fluorescence in situ hybridization using bacterial artificial chromosomes originally derived from Gallus gallus and Taeniopygia guttata. Findings suggest that P. nebulosus (2n = 110), which was described for the first time, had the most basal karyotype among species of Picidae studied here, and probably arose as a result of fissions of avian ancestral macrochromosomes. We defined a new chromosomal number for V. spilogaster (2n = 88) and demonstrated microchromosomal rearrangements involving C. campestris plus a single, unique hitherto undescribed rearrangement in V. spilogaster. This comprised an inversion after a fusion involving the ancestral microchromosome 12 (homologous to chicken microchromosome 12). We also determined that the low diploid number of M. candidus is related to microchromosome fusions. Woodpeckers thus exhibit significantly rearranged karyotypes compared to the putative ancestral karyotype.
Assuntos
Aves , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos , Cromossomos , Evolução Molecular , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Animais , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos/genética , Aves/genética , Cromossomos/genética , Cariótipo , Cariotipagem , Filogenia , Galinhas/genéticaRESUMO
Avian genomes are characterized as being more compact than other amniotes, with less diversity and density of transposable elements (TEs). In addition, birds usually show bimodal karyotypes, exhibiting a great variation in diploid numbers. Some species present unusually large sex chromosomes, possibly due to the accumulation of repetitive sequences. Avian retrotransposon-like element (AviRTE) is a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) recently discovered in the genomes of birds and nematodes, and it is still poorly characterized in terms of chromosomal mapping and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we mapped AviRTE isolated from the Trogon surrucura genome into the T. surrucura (TSU) karyotype. Furthermore, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of this LINE in birds and other vertebrates. Our results showed that the distribution pattern of AviRTE is not restricted to heterochromatic regions, with accumulation on the W chromosome of TSU, yet another species with an atypical sex chromosome and TE hybridization. The phylogenetic analysis of AviRTE sequences in birds agreed with the proposed phylogeny of species in most clades, and allowed the detection of this sequence in other species, expanding the distribution of the element.
Assuntos
Aves , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cariótipo , Filogenia , Retroelementos , Cromossomos Sexuais , Animais , Aves/genética , Aves/classificação , Cromossomos Sexuais/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Elementos Nucleotídeos Longos e DispersosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Different patterns of sex chromosome differentiation are seen in Palaeognathae birds, a lineage that includes the ratites (Struthioniformes, Rheiformes, Apterygiformes, Casuariiformes, and the sister group Tinamiformes). While some Tinamiform species have well-differentiated W chromosomes, both Z and W of all the flightless ratites are still morphologically undifferentiated. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the ZW differentiation in birds using a combination of cytogenetic, genomic, and bioinformatic approaches. The whole set of satDNAs from the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) was described and characterized. Furthermore, we examined the in situ locations of these satDNAs alongside several microsatellite repeats and carried out Comparative Genomic Hybridizations in two related species: the greater rhea (Rhea americana) and the tataupa tinamou (Crypturellus tataupa). RESULTS: From the 24 satDNA families identified (which represent the greatest diversity of satDNAs ever uncovered in any bird species), only three of them were found to accumulate on the emu's sex chromosomes, with no discernible accumulation observed on the W chromosome. The W chromosomes of both the greater rhea and the emu did not exhibit a significant buildup of either C-positive heterochromatin or repetitive DNAs, indicating their large undifferentiation both at morphological and molecular levels. In contrast, the tataupa tinamou has a highly differentiated W chromosome that accumulates several DNA repeats. CONCLUSION: The findings provide new information on the architecture of the avian genome and an inside look at the starting points of sex chromosome differentiation in birds.
Assuntos
Paleógnatas , Cromossomos Sexuais , Animais , Cromossomos Sexuais/genética , Paleógnatas/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Evolução Molecular , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Evolução Biológica , Hibridização Genômica ComparativaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Passeriformes has the greatest species diversity among Neoaves, and the Tyrannidae is the richest in this order with about 600 valid species. The diploid number of this family remains constant, ranging from 2n = 76 to 84, but the chromosomal morphology varies, indicating the occurrence of different chromosomal rearrangements. Cytogenetic studies of the Tyrannidae remain limited, with approximately 20 species having been karyotyped thus far. This study aimed to describe the karyotypes of two species from this family, Myiopagis viridicata and Sirystes sibilator. METHODS: Skin biopsies were taken from each individual to establish fibroblast cell cultures and to obtain chromosomal preparations using the standard methodology. The chromosomal distribution of constitutive heterochromatin was investigated by C-banding, while the location of simple repetitive sequences (SSRs), 18S rDNA, and telomeric sequences was found through fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The karyotypes of both species are composed of 2n = 80. The 18S rDNA probes hybridized into two pairs of microchromosomes in M. viridicata, but only a single pair in S. sibilator. Only the telomeric portions of each chromosome in both species were hybridized by the telomere sequence probes. Most of the SSRs were found accumulated in the centromeric and telomeric regions of several macro- and microchromosomes in both species, which likely correspond to the heterochromatin-rich regions. CONCLUSION: Although both species analyzed showed a conserved karyotype organization (2n = 80), our study revealed significant differences in their chromosomal architecture, rDNA distribution, and SSR accumulation. These findings were discussed in the context of the evolution of Tyrannidae karyotypes.
Assuntos
Bandeamento Cromossômico , Variação Genética , Heterocromatina , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariótipo , Telômero , Animais , Telômero/genética , Heterocromatina/genética , Passeriformes/genética , Cariotipagem , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Análise Citogenética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Feminino , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Citogenética/métodosRESUMO
Vanellus (Charadriidae; Charadriiformes) comprises around 20 species commonly referred to as lapwings. In this study, by integrating cytogenetic and genomic approaches, we assessed the satellite DNA (satDNA) composition of one typical species, Vanellus chilensis, with a highly conserved karyotype. We additionally underlined its role in the evolution, structure, and differentiation process of the present ZW sex chromosome system. Seven distinct satellite DNA families were identified within its genome, accumulating on the centromeres, microchromosomes, and the W chromosome. However, these identified satellite DNA families were not found in two other Charadriiformes members, namely Jacana jacana and Calidris canutus. The hybridization of microsatellite sequences revealed the presence of a few repetitive sequences in V. chilensis, with only two out of sixteen displaying positive hybridization signals. Overall, our results contribute to understanding the genomic organization and satDNA evolution in Charadriiform birds.
Assuntos
Charadriiformes , Animais , Charadriiformes/genética , DNA Satélite/genética , Aves/genética , Cromossomos Sexuais , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
The Cuculiformes are a family of over 150 species that live in a range of habitats, such as forests, savannas, and deserts. Here, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes (75 from chicken and 14 from zebra finch macrochromosomes 1-10 +ZW and for microchromosomes 11-28 (except 16)) were used to investigate chromosome homologies between chicken and the squirrel cuckoo (Piaya cayana). In addition, repetitive DNA probes were applied to characterize the chromosome organization and to explore the role of these sequences in the karyotype evolution of P. cayana. We also applied BAC probes for chicken chromosome 17 and Z to the guira cuckoo (Guira guira) to test whether this species has an unusual Robertsonian translocation between a microchromosome and the Z chromosome, recently described in the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Our results revealed extensive chromosome reorganization with inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements in P. cayana, including a conspicuous chromosome size and heterochromatin polymorphism on chromosome pair 20. Furthermore, we confirmed that the Z-autosome Robertsonian translocation found in C. ani is also found in G. guira, not P. cayana. These findings suggest that this translocation occurred prior to the divergence between C. ani and G. guira, but after the divergence with P. cayana.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Animais , Cromossomos/genética , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos , Translocação Genética , Galinhas/genética , Aves/genética , Cariótipo , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Heterocromatina/genética , Rearranjo Gênico , CariotipagemRESUMO
Charadriiformes, which comprises shorebirds and their relatives, is one of the most diverse avian orders, with over 390 species showing a wide range of karyotypes. Here, we isolated and characterized the whole collection of satellite DNAs (satDNAs) at both molecular and cytogenetic levels of one of its representative species, named the wattled jacana (Jacana jacana), a species that contains a typical ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system and a highly rearranged karyotype. In addition, we also investigate the in situ location of telomeric and microsatellite repeats. A small catalog of 11 satDNAs was identified that typically accumulated on microchromosomes and on the W chromosome. The latter also showed a significant accumulation of telomeric signals, being (GA)10 the only microsatellite with positive hybridization signals among all the 16 tested ones. These current findings contribute to our understanding of the genomic organization of repetitive DNAs in a bird species with high degree of chromosomal reorganization contrary to the majority of bird species that have stable karyotypes.
Assuntos
Charadriiformes , Animais , Charadriiformes/genética , DNA Satélite/genética , Heterocromatina/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Cromossomos Sexuais/genética , Cariótipo , Aves/genética , Evolução MolecularRESUMO
Introducción. El dengue es la enfermedad transmitida por mosquitos con mayor propagación mundial en los últimos años. Presenta un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas y, en ocasiones, evoluciona a un estado crítico llamado dengue grave. Su tratamiento es de sostén. La información disponible acerca de las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad en la población pediátrica es limitada. Objetivo. Describir la epidemiología y las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Incluyó pacientes entre 1 y 180 meses asistidos por dengue probable o confirmado en un hospital de niños, desde el 01 de enero de 2020 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2020. Resultados. Se incluyeron 85 pacientes por criterios microbiológicos de positividad o clínicoepidemiológicos. Veinticinco (29 %) confirmados por RT-PCR, todos serotipos DENV-1. La mediana de edad fue de 108 meses (rango intercuartílico: 84-144). Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron fiebre, cefalea y mialgias. Los hallazgos de laboratorio más importantes fueron leucopenia, trombocitopenia y elevación de transaminasas. Conclusión. El reconocimiento y la comprensión de las alteraciones clínicas y de laboratorio que se presentan durante la enfermedad pueden permitir un abordaje eficaz y contribuir a la reducción de cuadros clínicos más graves en los niños.
Introduction. Dengue has been the most widespread mosquito-borne disease worldwide in recent years. It develops with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and sometimes progresses to a critical condition known as severe dengue. It is managed with supportive treatment. Available information about its clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics in the pediatric population is limited. Objective. To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of dengue. Population and methods. Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. It included patients aged 1 to 180 months seen due to probable or confirmed dengue at a children's hospital between 1/1/2020 and 5/31/2020. Results. A total of 85 patients with positive microbiological or clinical-epidemiological criteria were included. Of these, 25 (29%) were confirmed by RT-PCR; all corresponded to DENV-1 serotype. Patients' median age was 108 months (interquartile range: 84144). The main clinical manifestations were fever, headache, and myalgia. The most important laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and high transaminase levels. Conclusion. The recognition and understanding of clinical and laboratory alterations that occur during dengue disease may allow an effective approach and help to reduce the more severe clinical form in children.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Trombocitopenia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Leucopenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Febre/epidemiologia , SorogrupoRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus-(SA) is widespread among healthcare-associated-(HA) and the community-associated-(CA) infections. However, the contributions of MRSA and MSSA to the SA overall burden remain unclear. In a nationally-representative-survey conducted in Argentina, 668 SA clinical isolates from 61 hospitals were examined in a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study in April 2015. The study aimed to analyze MRSA molecular epidemiology, estimate overall SA infection incidence (MSSA, MRSA, and genotypes) in community-onset (CO: HACO, Healthcare-Associated-CO and CACO, Community-Associated-CO) and healthcare-onset (HO: HAHO, Healthcare-associated-HO) infections, stratified by age groups. Additionally temporal evolution was estimated by comparing this study's (2015) incidence values with a previous study (2009) in the same region. Erythromycin-resistant-MSSA and all MRSA strains were genetically typed. The SA total-infections (TI) overall-incidence was 49.1/100,000 monthly-visits, 25.1 and 24.0 for MRSA and MSSA respectively (P = 0.5889), in April 2015. In adults with invasive-infections (INVI), MSSA was 15.7 and MRSA was 11.8 (P = 0.0288), 1.3-fold higher. HA SA infections, both MSSA and MRSA, surpassed CA infections by over threefold. During 2009-2015, there was a significant 23.4 % increase in the SA infections overall-incidence, mainly driven by MSSA, notably a 54.2 % increase in INVI among adults, while MRSA infection rates remained stable. The MSSA rise was accompanied by increased antimicrobial resistance, particularly to erythromycin, linked to MSSA-CC398-t1451-ermT + -IEC+-pvl- emergence. The SA-infections rise was primarily attributed to community-onset-infections (37.3 % and 62.4 % increase for TI and INVI, respectively), particularly HACO-MSSA and HACO-MRSA in adults, as well as CACO-MSSA. The main CA-MRSA-PFGE-typeN-ST30-SCCmecIVc-PVL+/- clone along with other clones (USA300-ST8-IV-LV-PVL+/-, PFGE-typeDD-ST97-IV- PVL-) added to rather than replaced CA-MRSA-PFGE-typeI-ST5-SCCmecIVa-PVL+/- clone in HA invasive-infections. They also displaced clone HA-MRSA-PFGE-typeA-ST5-SCCmecI, mainly in HAHO infections. The overall-burden of SA infections is rising in Argentina, driven primarily by community-onset MSSA, particularly in adults, linked to increased erythromycin-resistance and MSSA-CC398-t1451-ermT + -IEC+-pvl- emergence. Novel knowledge and transmission-control strategies are required for MSSA.
RESUMO
Introduction. Dengue has been the most widespread mosquito-borne disease worldwide in recent years. It develops with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and sometimes progresses to a critical condition known as severe dengue. It is managed with supportive treatment. Available information about its clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics in the pediatric population is limited. Objective. To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of dengue. Population and methods. Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. It included patients aged 1 to 180 months seen due to probable or confirmed dengue at a children's hospital between 1/1/2020 and 5/31/2020. Results. A total of 85 patients with positive microbiological or clinical-epidemiological criteria were included. Of these, 25 (29%) were confirmed by RT-PCR; all corresponded to DENV-1 serotype. Patients' median age was 108 months (interquartile range: 84-144). The main clinical manifestations were fever, headache, and myalgia. The most important laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and high transaminase levels. Conclusion. The recognition and understanding of clinical and laboratory alterations that occur during dengue disease may allow an effective approach and help to reduce the more severe clinical form in children.
Introducción. El dengue es la enfermedad transmitida por mosquitos con mayor propagación mundial en los últimos años. Presenta un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas y, en ocasiones, evoluciona a un estado crítico llamado dengue grave. Su tratamiento es de sostén. La información disponible acerca de las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad en la población pediátrica es limitada. Objetivo. Describir la epidemiología y las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de la enfermedad. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Incluyó pacientes entre 1 y 180 meses asistidos por dengue probable o confirmado en un hospital de niños, desde el 01 de enero de 2020 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2020. Resultados. Se incluyeron 85 pacientes por criterios microbiológicos de positividad o clínico-epidemiológicos. Veinticinco (29 %) confirmados por RT-PCR, todos serotipos DENV-1. La mediana de edad fue de 108 meses (rango intercuartílico: 84-144). Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron fiebre, cefalea y mialgias. Los hallazgos de laboratorio más importantes fueron leucopenia, trombocitopenia y elevación de transaminasas. Conclusión. El reconocimiento y la comprensión de las alteraciones clínicas y de laboratorio que se presentan durante la enfermedad pueden permitir un abordaje eficaz y contribuir a la reducción de cuadros clínicos más graves en los niños.
Assuntos
Dengue , Leucopenia , Trombocitopenia , Animais , Humanos , Criança , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sorogrupo , Febre/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Pelecaniformes is an order of waterbirds that exhibit diverse and distinct morphologies. Ibis, heron, pelican, hammerkop, and shoebill are included within the order. Despite their fascinating features, the phylogenetic relationships among the families within Pelecaniformes remain uncertain and pose challenges due to their complex evolutionary history. Their karyotypic evolution is another little-known aspect. Therefore, to shed light on the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of Pelecaniformes, we have used whole macrochromosome probes from Gallus gallus (GGA) to show homologies on three species with different diploid numbers, namely Cochlearius cochlearius (2n = 74), Eudocimus ruber (2n = 66), and Syrigma sibilatrix (2n = 62). A fusion between GGA6 and GGA7 was found in C. cochlearius and S. sibilatrix. In S. sibilatrix the GGA8, GGA9 and GGA10 hybridized to the long arms of biarmed macrochromosomes, indicating fusions with microchromosomes. In E. ruber the GGA7 and GGA8 hybridized to the same chromosome pair. After comparing our painting results with previously published data, we show that distinct chromosomal rearrangements have occurred in different Pelecaniformes lineages. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary history of Pelecaniformes and the chromosomal changes involving their macrochromosomes and microchromosomes that have taken place in different species within this order.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Coloração Cromossômica , Humanos , Animais , Filogenia , Cariotipagem , Cariótipo , Galinhas/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Evolução MolecularRESUMO
Se describe una presentación clínica inusual de infección por Aeromonas complejo hydrophila y se destaca la importancia del correcto diagnóstico microbiológico para adecuar el tratamiento. Paciente de 6 años consultó por fiebre y drenaje de líquido serohemático de herida quirúrgica por antecedente de craneotomía con duroplastia la semana previa. Laboratorio con parámetros normales y tomografía computada sin cambios relevantes. Punción lumbar: leucocitos 91/mm3, proteínas 89 mg/dl, glucosa 36 mg/dl. Comenzó tratamiento con vancomicina y ceftazidima. Cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo: bacilo gramnegativo, oxidasa positivo, fermentador de glucosa. Se rotó a meropenem. A las 72 horas, se informó, por método difusión y Vitek2, Aeromonas complejo hydrophila: sensible a trimetoprimasulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina, cefotaxima y meropenem. Se realizó método Blue Carba para detección de carbapenemasas con resultado positivo. Se rotó a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Completó 21 días de tratamiento con evolución clínica favorable
Here we describe an unusual clinical presentation of infection due to Aeromonas hydrophila and underline the importance of a correct microbiological diagnosis for an adequate treatment. A 6-year-old patient with a history of craniotomy with duraplasty the week before consulted for fever and drainage of serosanguineous fluid from the surgical wound. The laboratory parameters were normal and the computed tomography scan showed no relevant changes. Lumbar puncture: leukocytes: 91/mm3; proteins: 89 mg/dL; glucose: 36 mg/dL. Treatment with vancomycin and ceftazidime was started. Cerebrospinal fluid culture: oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus. Treatment was changed to meropenem. At 72 hours, using a diffusion method and Vitek 2, it was reported as Aeromonas hydrophila sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and meropenem. The Blue-Carba method was performed to detect carbapenemases; the result was positive. Treatment was changed to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. The patient completed 21 days of treatment with a favorable clinical course.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Aeromonas hydrophila , Meningite , beta-Lactamases , Meropeném , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Information on the impact of the different variants in children in Latin America is scarce. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiologic and clinical features of COVID-19 infection in children under 18 years of age in Argentina, comparing the periods before and after the circulation of new variants. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, multicentric, analytical study. All patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted at 22 healthcare centers were included. Two study periods were established: Period 1 (EW10-2020 to EW12-2021) for the Wuhan strain; Period 2 (EW13 to EW35 2021) for Alpha, Gamma, Delta and Lambda variants. FINDINGS: A total of 6330 confirmed cases were included. Period 1: 3575 (56.5%), period 2: 2755 (43.5%). During period 2, a lower number of asymptomatic cases was observed, while general, respiratory and neurologic signs and symptoms increased in all age groups. Oxygen therapy requirement was higher during the first period (36.7% vs 19.1%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the rates of severe or critical cases (6.3% vs 5,4%; P = 0.102), intensive care admission (2.1% vs 2%; P < 0.656) or case fatality (0.3% vs 0.5 %; P < 0.229). MIS-C cases occurred more frequently during the first period (1.9% vs 1.1%; P = 0.009). INTERPRETATION: The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in Argentina has evolved. With the emergence of new variants, although the number of asymptomatic cases declined, numbers of severe and critical cases, as well as case fatality rates in children, remained unchanged.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pneumonia Viral , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Here we describe an unusual clinical presentation of infection due to Aeromonas hydrophila and underline the importance of a correct microbiological diagnosis for an adequate treatment. A 6-year-old patient with a history of craniotomy with duraplasty the week before consulted for fever and drainage of serosanguineous fluid from the surgical wound. The laboratory parameters were normal and the computed tomography scan showed no relevant changes. Lumbar puncture: leukocytes: 91/mm3; proteins: 89 mg/dL; glucose: 36 mg/dL. Treatment with vancomycin and ceftazidime was started. Cerebrospinal fluid culture: oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus. Treatment was changed to meropenem. At 72 hours, using a diffusion method and Vitek 2, it was reported as Aeromonas hydrophila sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and meropenem. The Blue-Carba method was performed to detect carbapenemases; the result was positive. Treatment was changed to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. The patient completed 21 days of treatment with a favorable clinical course.
Se describe una presentación clínica inusual de infección por Aeromonas complejo hydrophila y se destaca la importancia del correcto diagnóstico microbiológico para adecuar el tratamiento. Paciente de 6 años consultó por fiebre y drenaje de líquido serohemático de herida quirúrgica por antecedente de craneotomía con duroplastia la semana previa. Laboratorio con parámetros normales y tomografía computada sin cambios relevantes. Punción lumbar: leucocitos 91/mm3, proteínas 89 mg/dl, glucosa 36 mg/dl. Comenzó tratamiento con vancomicina y ceftazidima. Cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo: bacilo gramnegativo, oxidasa positivo, fermentador de glucosa. Se rotó a meropenem. A las 72 horas, se informó, por método difusión y Vitek2, Aeromonas complejo hydrophila: sensible a trimetoprimasulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina, cefotaxima y meropenem. Se realizó método Blue Carba para detección de carbapenemasas con resultado positivo. Se rotó a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Completó 21 días de tratamiento con evolución clínica favorable.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila , Meningite , Humanos , Criança , Meropeném , beta-Lactamases , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Microchromosomes, once considered unimportant elements of the genome, represent fundamental building blocks of bird karyotypes. Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) comprise a wide variety of approximately 390 species and are considered a valuable model group for biological studies. Despite this variety, cytogenetic analysis is still very scarce in this bird order. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide insight into the Charadriiformes karyotype, with emphasis on microchromosome evolution in three species of shorebirds-Calidris canutus, Jacana jacana, and Vanellus chilensis-combining classical and molecular approaches. Cross-species FISH mapping applied two BAC probes for each microchromosome, GGA10-28 (except GGA16). The experiments revealed different patterns of microchromosome organization in the species investigated. Hence, while in C. canutus, we found two microchromosomes involved in chromosome fusions, they were present as single pairs in V. chilensis. We also described a new chromosome number for C. canutus (2n = 92). Hence, this study contributed to the understanding of genome organization and evolution of three shorebird species.
RESUMO
Known as "electric-light bugs", belostomatids potentially act as agents of biological control. The Belostoma genus has holokinetic chromosomes, interspecific variation in diploid number, sex chromosome system and DNA content. Thus, the chromosomal complement, the accumulation of constitutive heterochromatin and the distribution of rDNA clusters by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in Belostoma angustum (BAN), Belostoma sanctulum (BSA), and Belostoma nessimiani (BNE) were evaluated. In addition, a comparative analysis of the DNA content of these species and B. estevezae (BES) was performed. BES has the highest Belostoma DNA content, while BSA has the lowest. BAN showed 2n = 29 + X1X2Y, while BSA and BNE had 2n = 14 + XY. BSA showed 18S rDNA markings on sex chromosomes, while BNE and BAN did on autosomes. The difference between BSA and BNE occurs because of the possible movement of the rDNA cluster in BNE. We suggest the occurrence of fusion in the autosomes of BSA and BNE, and fragmentation in the sex chromosomes in BAN. Also, the genome size of 1-2 pg represents a haploid DNA content of a common ancestor, from which the genomes of BES and BAN had evolved by gene duplication and heterochromatinization events.
Assuntos
Heterópteros , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos , Animais , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Tamanho do Genoma , Heterocromatina/genética , Heterópteros/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cromossomos SexuaisRESUMO
Introducción. La evidencia actual indica que la gravedad de la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) es menor en la población pediátrica, los datos locales aún son limitados. Objetivo: caracterizar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de la infección por COVID-19 en menores de 18 años en Argentina. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico de casos confirmados de COVID-19 entre 0 y 18 años asistidos entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021 en 19 centros pediátricos de referencia de Argentina. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar las variables predictoras de cuadros graves. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2690 casos de COVID-19: 77,7 % residentes del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, 50,1 % de sexo masculino, mediana de edad de 5,6 años. El 90 % ocurrió entre las semanas epidemiológicas 20-47 del 2020; 60,4 % con antecedente de contacto con personas con COVID-19; y 96,6 % en el entorno familiar. El 51,4 % presentó síntomas respiratorios; 61,6 % síntomas generales; 18,8 % síntomas gastrointestinales; 17,1 % síntomas neurológicos; 7,2 % otros y 21,5 % fueron asintomáticos. El 59,4 % fue hospitalizado; 7,4 fueron graves o críticos. Se registraron 57 casos de síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico. El antecedente de asma, displasia broncopulmonar, cardiopatía congénita, desnutrición moderada a grave, obesidad, enfermedad neurológica crónica y/o edad menor de 6 meses resultaron predictores independientes de gravedad. Residir en barrios vulnerables resultó protector. Conclusiones. Más de la mitad de los casos refirieron antecedente de contacto con personas con COVID-19 en el entorno familiar. La hospitalización no respondió a criterios clínicos de gravedad. La gravedad se encuentra asociada a la existencia de ciertas comorbilidades.
Introduction. The current evidence indicates that the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is lower in the pediatric population but local data are still limited. Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 infection in patients younger than 18 years in Argentina. Population and methods. Cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study of confirmed COVID-19 patients aged 0-18 years seen between March 2020 and March 2021 at 19 referral children's hospitals of Argentina. A multivariate analysis was done to identify predictors of severe cases. Results. A total of 2690 COVID-19 cases were included: 77.7% lived in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires; 50.1% were males; patients' median age was 5.6 years. Of them, 90% were seen during epidemiological weeks 20-47 of 2020; 60.4% had a history of contact with COVID-19 patients; and 96.6% in their family setting. Also, 51.4% had respiratory symptoms; 61.6%, general symptoms; 18.8%, gastrointestinal symptoms; 17.1%, neurological symptoms; 7.2%, other symptoms; and 21.5% were asymptomatic. In addition, 59.4% of patients were hospitalized and 7.4% had a severe or critical course. A total of 57 patients developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome. A history of asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, moderate to severe malnutrition, obesity, chronic neurological disease and/or age younger than 6 months were independent predictors of severity.Livinginavulnerableneighborhoodwas a protective factor. Conclusions. More than half of cases referred a history of contact with COVID-19 patients in the family setting. Hospitalization was not based on clinical criteria of severity. Severity was associated with the presence of certain comorbidities
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica , Pandemias , Dados PreliminaresRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The current evidence indicates that the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is lower in the pediatric population but local data are still limited. Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 infection in patients younger than 18 years in Argentina. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study of confirmed COVID-19 patients aged 0-18 years seen between March 2020 and March 2021 at 19 referral children's hospitals of Argentina. A multivariate analysis was done to identify predictors of severe cases. RESULTS: A total of 2690 COVID-19 cases were included: 77.7% lived in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires; 50.1% were males; patients' median age was 5.6 years. Of them, 90% were seen during epidemiological weeks 20-47 of 2020; 60.4% had a history of contact with COVID-19 patients; and 96.6% in their family setting. Also, 51.4% had respiratory symptoms; 61.6%, general symptoms; 18.8%, gastrointestinal symptoms; 17.1%, neurological symptoms; 7.2%, other symptoms; and 21.5% were asymptomatic. In addition, 59.4% of patients were hospitalized and 7.4% had a severe or critical course. A total of 57 patients developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome. A history of asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, moderate to severe malnutrition, obesity, chronic neurological disease and/or age younger than 6 months were independent predictors of severity. Living in a vulnerable neighborhood was a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of cases referred a history of contact with COVID-19 patients in the family setting. Hospitalization was not based on clinical criteria of severity. Severity was associated with the presence of certain comorbidities.
Introducción. La evidencia actual indica que la gravedad de la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) es menor en la población pediátrica, los datos locales aún son limitados. OBJETIVO: caracterizar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de la infección por COVID-19 en menores de 18 años en Argentina. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico de casos confirmados de COVID-19 entre 0 y 18 años asistidos entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021 en 19 centros pediátricos de referencia de Argentina. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar las variables predictoras de cuadros graves. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 2690 casos de COVID-19: 77,7 % residentes del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, 50,1 % de sexo masculino, mediana de edad de 5,6 años. El 90 % ocurrió entre las semanas epidemiológicas 2047 del 2020; 60,4 % con antecedente de contacto con personas con COVID-19; y 96,6 % en el entorno familiar. El 51,4 % presentó síntomas respiratorios; 61,6 % síntomas generales; 18,8 % síntomas gastrointestinales; 17,1 % síntomas neurológicos; 7,2 % otros y 21,5 % fueron asintomáticos. El 59,4 % fue hospitalizado; 7,4 % fueron graves o críticos. Se registraron 57 casos de síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico. El antecedente de asma, displasia broncopulmonar, cardiopatía congénita, desnutrición moderada a grave, obesidad, enfermedad neurológica crónica y/o edad menor de 6 meses resultaron predictores independientes de gravedad. Residir en barrios vulnerables resultó protector. CONCLUSIONES: Más de la mitad de los casos refirieron antecedente de contacto con personas con COVID-19 en el entorno familiar. La hospitalización no respondió a criterios clínicos de gravedad. La gravedad se encuentra asociada a la existencia de ciertas comorbilidades.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pandemias , Dados Preliminares , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória SistêmicaRESUMO
Furnariidae (ovenbirds) is one of the most diversified families in the Passeriformes order and Suboscines suborder. Despite the great diversity of species, cytogenetic research is still in its early stages, restricting our knowledge of their karyotype evolution. We combined traditional and molecular cytogenetic analyses in three representative species, Synallaxis frontalis, Syndactyla rufosuperciliata, and Cranioleuca obsoleta, to examine the chromosomal structure and evolution of ovenbirds. Our findings revealed that all the species studied had the same diploid number (2n = 82). Differences in chromosomal morphology of some macrochromosomes indicate the presence of intrachromosomal rearrangements. Although the three species only had the 18S rDNA on one microchromosome pair, chromosomal mapping of six simple short repeats revealed a varied pattern of chromosome distribution among them, suggesting that each species underwent different repetitive DNA accumulation upon their divergence. The interspecific comparative genomic hybridization experiment revealed that the Furnariidae species investigated carry centromeric regions enriched in similar repetitive sequences, bolstering the Furnariidae family's karyotype conservation. Nonetheless, the outgroup species Turdus rufiventris (Turdidae) demonstrated an advanced stage of sequence divergence with hybridization signals that were almost entirely limited to a few microchromosomes. Overall, the findings imply that Furnariidae species have a high degree of chromosomal conservation, and we could also observe a differentiation of repetitive sequences in both Passeriformes suborders (Suboscines and Oscines).
RESUMO
The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Rhynchocyclidae (Aves: Passeriformes) have been the subject of debate since their first description. In most models, Rhynchocyclidae represents a subfamily-level taxon placed within the Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae). Considering that this classification does not include cytotaxonomic characters, we tested the hypothesis that the chromosome organization of Rhynchocyclidae members differs from that of Tyrannidae. Hence, we selected two species, Tolmomyias sulphurescens, and Pitangus sulphuratus, representing Rhynchocyclidae and Tyrannidae, respectively. Results revealed a diploid number (2n) of 60 in T. sulphurescens and 2n = 80 in P. sulphuratus, indicating significant chromosomal differences. Chromosome mapping of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Taeniopygia guttata bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) corresponding to chromosomes GGA1-28 (except 16) revealed that the genome evolution of T. sulphurescens involved extensive chromosome fusions of macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. On the other hand, P. sulphuratus retained the ancestral pattern of organization of macrochromosomes (except the centric fission involving GGA1) and microchromosomes. In conclusion, comparing our results with previous studies in Tyrant Flycatchers and allies indicates that P. sulphuratus has similar karyotypes to other Tyrannidae members. However, T. sulphurescens does not resemble the Tyrannidae family, reinforcing family status to the clade named Rhynchocyclidae.