Temperature profiles of antibiotic-containing elastomeric infusion devices used by ambulatory care patients.

PURPOSE: The temperature profiles of antibiotic-containing elastomeric infusion devices used by ambulatory care patients under various environmental conditions were evaluated. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive survey of temperature exposure was conducted in 4 publically funded hospitals. Over a 12-month period, electronic temperature-recording devices were attached to the antibiotic infusion devices (infusers) of prospectively randomized hospital-in-the-home (HITH) participants. Temperatures were recorded immediately after infuser connection and every 5 minutes thereafter for 24 hours. A structured data collection form was used to collect information on basic clinical and demographic characteristics and aspects of daily living (i.e., how and where the infuser was carried during the day, times the participant went to and arose from bed, location of the infuser while sleeping, and dates and times the infuser was connected and disconnected). RESULTS: A total of 115 patients successfully completed the study (17-91 years old, 55% males). A total of 31,298 temperature readings were collected. The storage location of the infuser did not influence daytime readings. However, the overnight storage location did have a significant impact on the temperatures recorded overnight. The mean temperatures of infusers stored on the bed or on the body overnight were significantly higher than those for infusers stored away from the bed. Diurnal and seasonal influences were also detected. Significantly warmer temperatures were recorded in afternoons and evenings and during the summer months. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics administered to HITH patients via continuous infusion were frequently exposed to temperatures in excess of 25 °C. Specific patient behaviors and seasonal and chronological factors influenced temperatures. The findings challenge the validity of current fixed-temperature models for testing stability, which do not reflect conditions found in clinical practice.

Once or twice-daily, algorithm-based intravenous cephazolin for home-based cellulitis treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Cellulitis is a common presentation to the ED and a significant cause of hospitalization that can be managed in hospital-in-the-home programmes. Current clinical-practice guidelines recommend once or twice-daily i.v. antibiotics; however, there is an absence of data describing the impact of these guidelines in real-world practice-based settings. This study aims to describe the safety and effectiveness of home-based cellulitis treatment according to an online treatment algorithm. METHODS: Over 12 months, 301 patients with a diagnosis of uncomplicated cellulitis requiring i.v. antibiotics and eligible for home-based therapy completed once-daily (cephazolin plus probenecid) or twice-daily (cephazolin alone) treatment, according to the treatment algorithm. Time (days) until non-progression of cellulitis was the primary outcome measure. Length of stay and treatment-related side-effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean time until non-progression was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-2.23) days versus 2.13 (95% CI 1.81-2.45) days for the once-daily (n = 213) and twice-daily (n = 88) regimens, respectively (P = 0.92, difference in means 0.02 [95% CI -0.36-0.33]). The corresponding mean length of stay was 6.55 (95% CI 5.96-7.15) days versus 7.67 (95% CI 6.69-8.65) days (P = 0.06, difference in means 1.12 [CI 0.03-1.23]). Treatment-related side-effects were reported in 15.5% (33/213 [95% CI 10.6-20.3]) of patients receiving the once-daily regimen compared with 9.1% (8/88 [95% CI 3.1-15.1]) treated twice-daily. Application of the once-daily strategy increased hospital-in-the-home cellulitis-related treatment capacity by 52% (1396/2688 [95% CI 50-54]). CONCLUSIONS: An online decision support algorithm can support the effective use of a once or twice-daily treatment regimen for uncomplicated cellulitis. This approach can increase the efficiency and capacity of home-based therapy, resulting in better alignment of treatment options with clinicians and patients' preferences.