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1.
Curr Pharm Des ; 2024 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38877860

RESUMO

The rising interest in hydrogels nowadays is due to their usefulness in physiological conditions as multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels. To reply to the prearranged stimuli, including chemical triggers, light, magnetic field, electric field, ionic strength, temperature, pH, and glucose levels, dual/multi-stimuli-sensitive gels/hydrogels display controllable variations in mechanical characteristics and swelling. Recent attention has focused on injectable hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (DDS) because of its promise to offer regulated, controlled, and targeted medication release to the tumor site. These technologies have great potential to improve treatment outcomes and lessen side effects from prolonged chemotherapy exposure.

2.
Curr Pharm Des ; 29(44): 3546-3562, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38115614

RESUMO

Nanogels are three-dimensional networks at the nanoscale level that can be fabricated through physical or chemical processes using polymers. These nanoparticles' biocompatibility, notable stability, efficacious drug-loading capacity, and ligand-binding proficiency make them highly suitable for employment as drug-delivery vehicles. In addition, they exhibit the ability to react to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which may include factors such as temperature, illumination, pH levels, and a diverse range of other factors. This facilitates the consistent administration of the drug to the intended site. Alginate biopolymers have been utilized to encapsulate anticancer drugs due to their biocompatible nature, hydrophilic properties, and cost-effectiveness. The efficacy of alginate nano gel-based systems in cancer treatment has been demonstrated through multiple studies that endorse their progress toward clinical implementation. This paper comprehensively reviews alginate and its associated systems in drug delivery systems.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Nanogéis/química , Nanogéis/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Polímeros/química , Nanopartículas/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico
4.
Biosensors (Basel) ; 13(4)2023 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37185556

RESUMO

Breast cancer (BC), one of the most common and life-threatening cancers, has the highest incidence rate among women. Early diagnosis of BC oncomarkers is considered the most effective strategy for detecting and treating BC. Finding the type and stage of BC in women as soon as possible is one of the greatest ways to stop its incidence and negative effects on medical treatment. The development of biosensors for early, sensitive, and selective detection of oncomarkers has recently attracted much attention. An electrochemical nano biosensor (EN) is a very suitable option for a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. This comprehensive review provides information about the prevalence and pathobiology of BC, recent advances in clinically available BC oncomarkers, and the most common electrochemical nano biosensors for point-of-care (POC) detection of various BC oncomarkers using nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques.


Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Neoplasias da Mama , Nanoestruturas , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito
5.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol ; 11: 1104126, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36911200

RESUMO

Hydrogels are widely used biomaterials in the delivery of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, proteins, etc., as well as tissue engineering, due to obvious properties such as biocompatibility and their similarity to natural body tissues. Some of these substances have the feature of injectability, which means that the substance is injected into the desired place in the solution state and then turns into the gel, which makes it possible to administer them from a way with a minimal amount of invasion and eliminate the need for surgery to implant pre-formed materials. Gelation can be caused by a stimulus and/or spontaneously. Suppose this induces due to the effect of one or many stimuli. In that case, the material in question is called stimuli-responsive because it responds to the surrounding conditions. In this context, we introduce the different stimuli that cause gelation and investigate the different mechanisms of the transformation of the solution into the gel in them. Also, we study special structures, such as nano gels or nanocomposite gels.

6.
J Cell Physiol ; 236(2): 791-805, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32592235

RESUMO

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic proliferation of a plasma cell in the bone marrow that produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin. The immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 axis have demonstrated appropriate anticancer activity in several solid tumors and liquid cancers, and are rapidly transforming the practice of medical oncology. However, in a high percentage of patients, the efficacy of immune checkpoints blockade remains limited due to innate or primary resistance. Moreover, the malignancies progress in many patients due to acquired or secondary resistance, even after the clinical response to immune checkpoints' blockade. The evidence shows that multiple tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic factors and alterations in signaling pathways are involved in primary and secondary resistance to immune checkpoints blockade. Improved identification of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and mechanisms of resistance or response to immune checkpoints blockade may not only provide novel prognostic or predictive biomarkers but also guide the optimal combination/sequencing of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the clinic. Here, we review the underlying biology and role of immune checkpoints blockade in patients with MM. Furthermore, we review the host and tumor-related factor effects on immune checkpoints blockade in MM immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos
7.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 18(6): 671-678, 2019 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32245311

RESUMO

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in the world. Genetic polymorphisms in Interleukin (IL) genes are one of the most important risk factors in BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs1946518 C/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-18 gene and BC risk in Iranian women. In this case-control study, we recruited 140 women with BC as a case group and 140 age and ethnically matched women as healthy controls from East Azerbaijan, Tabriz in Iran. The genomic DNA was extracted using a salting-out method from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotype distribution in BC patients was 37.86% CC, 47.14% CA, and 15.00% AA, whereas in healthy controls these were 40.72% CC, 42.85% CA, and 16.43% AA. Statistical analysis showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-18 rs1946518 C/A polymorphism were not significantly different between BC patients and healthy controls (p>0.05). The only significant difference between cases and controls was related to family history (p=0.023). In conclusion, our study indicated that IL-18 rs1946518 C/A polymorphism was not associated with BC in the Iranian women population. However, more studies on different races and geographic areas are required to determine the exact role of rs1946518 C/A polymorphism in prognosis, diagnosis, and risk of BC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Interleucina-18/genética , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas
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