Influencia de la lactancia materna y la alimentación en el desarrollo de alergias en los / Influence of breastfeeding and diet in the development of allergies in children

ObjetivoEvaluar la relación entre la lactancia materna (LM) y el desarrollo de enfermedades alérgicas (EA).DiseñoEstudio de casos y controles.EmplazamientoHospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, América del Sur. Nivel II de atención.ParticipantesMil cuatrocientos sesenta niños entre 3 y 7 años asistentes a la consulta externa. Las mediciones principales fueron la proporción de LM y LM exclusiva (LME), la asociación entre la presencia de enfermedades alérgicas y la LM y la LME ajustando, mediante regresión logística, la confusión dada por otras exposiciones.ResultadosDe 1.460 pacientes, recibieron LME el 41,6% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 39,0 a 44,2), mientras que al 44,4% (IC del 95%: 41,9 a 47,0) se les suministró LM no exclusiva. Entre quienes presentaron alergia, el 34,8% (IC del 95%: 32,4 a 37,3) refería rinitis, el 27,8% (IC del 95%: 25,6 a 30,2) refería asma y el 11,6% (IC del 95%: 10,0 a 13,4) refería dermatitis atópica; el 7,0% (IC del 95%: 5,1 a 9,3) presentaba las 3 condiciones. El lactar de manera exclusiva por 3 o más meses es factor protector para las EA (odds ratio [OR] de 0,70; IC del 95%: 0,48 a 1,03). El lactar menos de 3 meses, independientemente de si es de manera exclusiva o no, es factor de riesgo para las EA (OR de 2,05; IC del 95%: 1,47 a 2,86).ConclusionesLa recomendación de lactar exclusivamente el mayor tiempo posible sigue siendo válida al encontrarse un significativo impacto preventivo del tiempo de duración de la LM en el desarrollo de las EA. Es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos que incluyan pruebas de función pulmonar y análisis inmunológicos para confirmar estos hallazgos(AU)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of allergic diseases (AD).DesignA cases-controls study.SettingSantander University Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia, South America. Level II health care.ParticipantsA total of 1460 boys and girls between 3 and 7 years old attending an outpatient clinic.Main measurementsPartial (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF); relationship between the presence of allergic diseases and BF and EBF, adjusting for the confounding factors due to other exposures using logistic regression.ResultsOut of a total of 1460 patients, 41.6% (95%CI 39.0–44.2) received EBF, while 44.4% (95%CI 41.9–47.0) were partially breastfed. Among those who had an allergy, 34.8% (95%CI 32.4–37.3) had rhinitis, 27.8% (95%CI 25.6–30.2) asthma and 11.6% (95%CI 10.0–13.4) atopic dermatitis; 7.0% (95%CI 5.1–9.3) had the three conditions. To breastfeed exclusively for ≥3 months is a protective factor for AD (OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.48–1.03). Breastfeeding for 3 months, regardless of whether or not it is exclusive, is a risk factor for AD (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.47–2.86).ConclusionsThe recommendation to exclusively breastfeed for as long as possible continues to be valid, as there was a significant preventive impact on the development of AD with the length of time breastfed. Prospective studies including lung function tests and immunological analyses need to be performed to confirm these findings(AU)

[Influence of breastfeeding and diet in the development of allergies in children]. / Influencia de la lactancia materna y la alimentación en el desarrollo de alergias en los niños.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of allergic diseases (AD). DESIGN: A cases-controls study. SETTING: Santander University Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia, South America. Level II health care. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1460 boys and girls between 3 and 7 years old attending an outpatient clinic. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Partial (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF); relationship between the presence of allergic diseases and BF and EBF, adjusting for the confounding factors due to other exposures using logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of a total of 1460 patients, 41.6% (95%CI 39.0-44.2) received EBF, while 44.4% (95%CI 41.9-47.0) were partially breastfed. Among those who had an allergy, 34.8% (95%CI 32.4-37.3) had rhinitis, 27.8% (95%CI 25.6-30.2) asthma and 11.6% (95%CI 10.0-13.4) atopic dermatitis; 7.0% (95%CI 5.1-9.3) had the three conditions. To breastfeed exclusively for >or= 3 months is a protective factor for AD (OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.48-1.03). Breastfeeding for 3 months, regardless of whether or not it is exclusive, is a risk factor for AD (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.47-2.86). CONCLUSIONS: The recommendation to exclusively breastfeed for as long as possible continues to be valid, as there was a significant preventive impact on the development of AD with the length of time breastfed. Prospective studies including lung function tests and immunological analyses need to be performed to confirm these findings.