Are YouTube videos about skull bone anatomy useful for students?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, quality, and functionality of YouTube videos on the anatomy of skull bones and to measure their educational usefulness. In this cross-sectional study, the keywords "skull bones" and "skull anatomy" were searched in the YouTube search tab. Demographic data such as type, source, duration, upload date, and view rates of the videos were recorded. The quality and content of the videos were measured using the total content score (TCS), modified DISCERN scale, JAMA score, and Global Quality Scale (GQS). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-five (34.7%) of the first 72 videos found by keyword searches were included in the study. According to the GQS criteria, six of them (24%) were considered useful and 19 (76%) not useful. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between the GQS and DISCERN scores (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). There were strong statistically significant positive correlations between TCS and GQS scores (r = 0.887, p < 0.001) and between TCS and modified DISCERN scores (r = 0.691, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between GQS and JAMA scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). There were also moderately strong statistically significant correlations between JAMA score and DISCERN score (r = 0.521, p < 0.001), video length (r = 0.416, p < 0.05), number of comments (r = 0.457, p < 0.05), and number of "likes" (r = 0.608, p < 0.001). There was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between TCS and JAMA scores (r = 0.431, p < 0.05). Most YouTube videos have insufficient information about skull bones to meet the expectations of medical and dental school curricula. Anatomists and institutions should be encouraged to prepare and present YouTube videos using assessment systems such as DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and TCS, in line with current anatomy curricula.

The association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and temporomandibular joint disorders among Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and the frequency of temporomandibular disorders in a sample of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The current cross-sectional study was conducted with 699 dental university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used in the present study. RESULTS: The incidence of temporomandibular joint disorders in the present study was found to be 77.5%. Female students' FAI scores were found to be statistically significantly higher than males (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher depression and anxiety and stress levels caused increased PSQI and FAI scores. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased temporomandibular joint disorders were observed with increased impaired sleep quality and higher depression, anxiety and stress levels among dental university students.

Anatomical and Morphological Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal in Pediatric and Adolescent Population via Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical and morphological structure of nasopalatine canal (NPC) is important for surgical techniques carried out on the maxilla. The aim of the present study was to analyze the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the NPC among pediatric and adolescent population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 437 cases were analyzed using CBCT images in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Shape was analyzed as hourglass, cone, funnel, banana, cylindrical, and tree branch like. Number of foramina Stenson (FS) was evaluated through coronal, axial, and sagittal views. Landmark evaluation involved; diameter of FS, diameter of incisive foramen, diameter at the mid-canal length, NPC length, and narrowest buccal bone thickness. Pathology presence near NPC was evaluated to determine alterations on the landmark metrics. RESULTS: Nasopalatine canal shape distribution revealed 32% hourglass, 9.6% conic, 10.8% funnel, 11.9% banana, 29.5% cylindrical and 6.2% tree branch. Number of FS (P = 0.021; P < 0.05), diameter of FS (P = 0.041; p < 0.05), NPC length (P: 0.020; P < 0.05), and narrowest buccal bone thickness from the mid-canal length was significantly higher in males (P: 0.000; P < 0.05). Diameter of incisive foramen and diameter at the mid-canal length revealed no significance among genders (P1 = 0.318, P2 = 0.105; P > 0.05). Incidence of pathology near NPC is 20.8% and was not affected by gender (P = 0,192; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates significant variations of NPC morphology among patients. Therefore, CBCT analysis is highly recommended for clinicians to reduce the complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery practices and to provide better surgical outcomes.

Is Information for Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Available on YouTube Reliable?

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the quality and accuracy of the information provided by YouTube videos related to surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present cross-sectional research, a systematic exploration of YouTube videos on SARPE was performed using the search phrase surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) in Google Trends. The first 200 videos were viewed, and 132 videos were included in the present study. The demographic data of the videos, including type, source, duration, date of upload, interaction index, and viewing rates, were recorded. Low-, moderate-, and high-content video groups were classified using a 22-point score scale for classification of the video content. Evaluation of the quality of videos was assessed using the video information and quality index (VIQI). RESULTS: We graded 34 videos as having moderate and 98 as having low content. We found no high-content videos. Individual (vs corporate or professional) providers had uploaded most of the videos (94.7%). The topics most mentioned were facial changes/gap/smile (65.9%), swallowing/eating performance/diet (56.1%), swelling (49.2%), and pain (44.7%). Prognosis and survival (0.8%) and cost (3%) were the least mentioned. The moderate content scores for procedure, instructions, indications, advantages, complications, cost, pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding, tongue soreness, speech, swallowing/eating performance/diet, psychological and psychosocial impact, facial changes, pressure, breathing, and numbness were greater than the low content scores. The VIQI total scores were significantly greater in the moderate content category than in the low (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Although various videos concerning SARPE are available on YouTube, the quality of the content of the videos in our sample was generally low. Specialists performing SARPE procedures should be aware of the information currently available on the Internet and actively direct their patients toward the most accurate and up-to-date sites.

YouTube video analysis as a source of information for patients on impacted canine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate video content on YouTube™ related to impacted canine and impacted canine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the term "impacted canine tooth" was searched on YouTube™. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant videos, non-English-language videos, no audio-no video contents, sixty-one videos were independently examined by 3 reviewers. Videos were categorized as "not useful", "slightly useful", "moderately useful", and "very useful" by using an 8-point score list for evaluating the value of the videos in providing patients information about impacted canine teeth and surgery. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and differences between groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis. Correlations were analysed using Spearman test. Statistical significance was set P<0.05. RESULTS: Most of the videos, 42.6%, n=26 were uploaded by healthcare professionals [dentists, orthodontists, surgeons] and 29,5%, n=18 were uploaded by laypersons for sharing personal experiences. There were 3 [4.9%] not useful videos, 15 [24.5%] slightly useful videos, 27 [44.2%] moderately useful videos, and 16 [26.2%] very useful videos. There was no significant difference between the viewing rate according to the source of upload [P=0.398>0.05]. There was a significant difference between the interaction index according to the source of upload. This difference was in the laypersons and the others [.033<05]. CONCLUSION: Healthcare specialists should be aware of the content of the video-sharing platforms and direct their patients to correct and reliable e-information resources.

Potential Patient Education of YouTube Videos Related to Wisdom Tooth Surgical Removal.

This present study aimed to evaluate the education of YouTube videos about wisdom tooth surgical removal for viewers. In this study, the term "wisdom tooth surgical removal" was searched on YouTube. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant videos, non-English-language videos; 92 relevant videos in English were independently examined by 3 reviewers. The videos were categorized as 'poor', 'moderate' and 'excellent' by scoring 9 points in order to evaluate the information they provided to the audience. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and differences between groups were compared with ANOVA-Kruskal Wallis. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman test. Statistical significance was set P < 0.05. Majority of the videos (63%, n = 58) were uploaded by layperson for sharing personal experience, 19.6%, (n = 18) healthcare professionals (dentist, orthodontist, surgeon). There were 64 (69.6%) not useful videos, 19 (20.7%) moderately useful videos, and 9 (9.8%) very useful videos. There is no significant correlation between efficiency ratio and source of upload (P > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between efficiency ratio and interaction index (P = 0.019 < 0.05). Interaction indexes of poor useful videos are more than others. There is a significant relationship between the type of video and video demographics (all data' significant values < 0.05). Mean values of patient's experience are more than others. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the accuracy of information on the internet in order to guide patients.

Are YouTube Videos Useful for Patients Interested in Botulinum Toxin for Bruxism?

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to evaluate the quality of provided information from YouTube videos (Google LLC, San Bruno, California) related to botulinum toxin injections for bruxism treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a search of YouTube videos was conducted using the search term "Botox/bruxism." The first 150 videos were initially screened. After exclusions, the remaining 97 videos were independently examined by 3 researchers regarding demographic data and the content's usefulness. All videos were classified according to a usefulness score as poor, moderate, or excellent by evaluating content quality and flow. General video assessment included duration, views, "likes," "dislikes," and comments. Video content was analyzed by an 8-point score list. All videos were classified based on sources (universities and hospitals, health care professionals, health companies, individual users, or others) and types (patient's experience, educational, or scientifically erroneous or unproven information). The obtained data were analyzed according to the usefulness score. For statistical analysis, the χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson test were performed. Interobserver agreement was calculated as the κ score. RESULTS: The usefulness scores of the included videos ranged from poor (0) to excellent (2) (mean, 0.65). When video demographic data were compared with the usefulness score, the durations of excellent and moderate videos were statistically significantly longer than those of poor videos (P = .022 and P < .05, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the usefulness score and the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments (P > .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between video demographic data and the source of upload (P < .05). The videos uploaded by individual users were longer than the other videos and had higher numbers of likes, dislikes, and comments than the other videos (P < .05). No significant correlation was found between video usefulness and the source of upload (P = .697) or type of video (P = .228). CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals should assess YouTube videos related to Botox (Botox, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, California) and bruxism for clinical accuracy and content quality and recommend to patients those videos that meet professionals' standards and achieve the intended educational goals.