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1.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 16(1): 18-27, Ene. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229278

RESUMO

El presente estudio aborda la situación profesional y laboral de los farmacéuticos comunitarios de Gipuzkoa. Se han realizado las siguientes acciones: 1) Grupo de discusión entre farmacéuticos titulares y adjuntos, 2) Encuesta sobre satisfacción y conciliación de los farmacéuticos colegiados ejercientes en farmacia comunitaria y 3) Análisis de los motivos de las bajas de colegiación de los últimos 3 años. Se han realizado análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se observa una problemática multifactorial que incluye dificultad de contratación de farmacéutico adjuntos, conciliación, falta de satisfacción y desarrollo profesional, horarios y otras condiciones laborales. La satisfacción profesional y la conciliación de los farmacéuticos titulares es mayor que la de los farmacéuticos adjuntos (p<0,001), aunque la conciliación no sea favorable para ninguno de los dos colectivos profesionales. La conciliación se percibe como mejor en farmacias de horario continuado, frente a farmacias con horario partido. El 70,5 % (n=67) de los farmacéuticos que se han dado de baja del colegio en los últimos 3 años, lo han hecho para cambiar de ámbito profesional, siendo educación e industria las opciones más frecuentes. La situación profesional y laboral del farmacéutico ejerciente en farmacia comunitaria requiere de una reflexión profunda para poder plantear estrategias globales que mejoren la satisfacción profesional y conciliación. (AU)


The purpose of this study is to explore the professional and working conditions of community pharmacists in the province of Gipuzkoa. The methodology employed involved: 1) A discussion with owner pharmacists and associate pharmacists, 2) A survey on satisfaction and work-life balance of pharmacists working in community pharmacies, and 3) Analysis of the reasons for cancelling membership of the association of pharmacists in the last 3 years. Data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. There was evidence of a range of issues including difficulty in recruiting associate pharmacists, unfavourable work-life balance, low job satisfaction and lack of professional development, poor business hours and other working conditions. Owner pharmacists reported a higher level of job satisfaction and work-life balance than associate pharmacists (p<0.001). However, both groups had a poor work-life balance. The issue of work-life balance is seen as being better in pharmacies with continuous business hours, as opposed to those with split (morning/afternoon) hours. Seventy percent (n=67) of pharmacists who cancelled their membership of the association over the last three years moved to another professional domain, particularly education and industry. In-depth deliberation is required into the professional and working situation of pharmacists working in community pharmacies, with a view to positing global strategies to improve job satisfaction and work-life balance. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Farmacêuticos , Farmácias , Espanha
2.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 13(3): 17-24, julio 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217715

RESUMO

Introducción: la asistencia sanitaria a domicilio es una de las estrategias que impulsan las administraciones para pacientes pluripatológicos que viven en sus domicilios y que debido a su grado de discapacidad o vulnerabilidad no pueden desplazarse a los centros sanitarios. Este estudio consiste en pilotar la Atención Farmacéutica Domiciliaria (AFD) ofreciendo respuestas individualizadas a los pacientes en sus domicilios, dentro del equipo multidisciplinar de atención a los pacientes frágiles de la Fundación Hurkoa.Material y métodos: se convocó a todas las farmacias de los municipios de Irún y Azkoitia a una formación. Los pacientes incluidos en el Plan Integral de Atención a la Fragilidad de la Fundación Hurkoa, que requerían ayuda con la gestión de la medicación y aceptaron incluir a un farmacéutico en el equipo multidisciplinar de cuidados, seleccionaron su farmacia comunitaria. Los farmacéuticos de dichas farmacias realizaron una revisión del botiquín junto con la revisión de la medicación. Resultados: en la revisión del botiquín se detectaron medicamentos caducados o no utilizados y se retiraron entre 2 y 3 medicamentos a todos los pacientes. En la revisión de la medicación se detectaron al menos un Problema Relacionado con la Medicación (PRM) en todos los pacientes del estudio. En la evaluación de la satisfacción el 100 % de los pacientes refirieron un grado de satisfacción alto con el programa. Discusión: el presente estudio refuerza la importancia de la inclusión del farmacéutico comunitario en el equipo multidisciplinar de AFD, ofreciendo respuestas individualizadas a cada paciente, mejorando la gestión de su medicación y así consiguiendo mejoras significativas en la calidad de vida. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Assistência Farmacêutica , Atenção à Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Espanha
3.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 21(1): 156, 2021 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33596906

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Implementation of Professional Pharmacy Services (PPSs) requires a demonstration of the service's impact (efficacy) and its effectiveness. Several systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCT) have shown the efficacy of PPSs in patient's outcomes in community pharmacy. There is, however, a need to determine the level of evidence on the effectiveness of PPSs in daily practice by means of pragmatic trials. To identify and analyse pragmatic RCTs that measure the effectiveness of PPSs in clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the community pharmacy setting. METHODS: A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCIELO. The search was performed on January 31, 2020. Papers were assessed against the following inclusion criteria (1) The intervention could be defined as a PPS; (2) Undertaken in a community pharmacy setting; (3) Was an original paper; (4) Reported quantitative measures of at least one health outcome indicator (ECHO model); (5) The design was considered as a pragmatic RCT, that is, it fulfilled 3 predefined attributes. External validity was analyzed with PRECIS- 2 tool. RESULTS: The search strategy retrieved 1,587 papers. A total of 12 pragmatic RCTs assessing 5 different types of PPSs were included. Nine out of the 12 papers showed positive statistically significant differences in one or more of the primary outcomes (clinical, economic or humanistic) that could be associated with the following PPS: Smoking cessation, Dispensing/Adherence service, Independent prescribing and MTM. No paper reported on cost-effectiveness outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited available evidence on the effectiveness of community-based PPS. Pragmatic RCTs to evaluate clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of PPS are needed.


Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácias , Análise Custo-Benefício , Atenção à Saúde , Humanos
4.
Farm. hosp ; 36(6): 498-505, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-135943

RESUMO

Background: Medicine review with follow up quantitative studies conducted on heart failure (HF) outpatients detected health problems that were frequently treated insufficiently: hyperuricemia, gastric injury prevention, anemia, and diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore experiences in the pharmacological management of these health problems, and to contribute with strategies to overcome the identified obstacles. Methods: The internal medicine specialists and cardiologists of a tertiary hospital HF clinic underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews and a constant comparative approach was used. Results: Interviewees highlighted there is a lack of guidelines concerning the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in HF, thus in routine practice it is often not treated. Interviewees said that preventive strategies to avoid gastric injury in at-risk patients taking prophylactic low-dose aspirin are needed, but the most appropriate strategy is not well defined. Interviewees thought that structural support is needed for the management of HF patients with anemia, and proper clinic pathways should be created to identify which service patients should be referred to. The same lack of communication with other services appeared with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: HF specialists demand a closer interaction with other specialists for a comprehensive approach to these polymedicated patients with multiple co-morbidities. And suggest that specific recommendations in HF guidelines to manage these co-morbidities specifically in HF would be helpful to shed light upon the existing confusing evidence (AU)


Antecedentes: Estudios de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico realizados en insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) detectaron problemas de salud insuficientemente tratados de manera frecuente: hiperuricemia, gastroprotección, anemia y diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue explorar las experiencias de los médicos en el manejo farmacológico de estos problemas de salud, y contribuir con estrategias para solventar los obstáculos identificados. Métodos: Los especialistas en medicina interna y cardiología de la unidad de IC de un hospital terciario fueron entrevistados en profundidad con entrevistas semi-estructuradas utilizándose para su análisis el método de comparación constante. Resultados: Los entrevistados destacaron que hay una falta de guías sobre el tratamiento de la hiperuricemia asintomática en IC, por lo que en la práctica clínica generalmente no se trata. Los otros servicios apareció al hablar de la diabetes. Conclusión: Los especialistas en IC piden una interacción más cercana con otros especialistas para un abordaje más completo de estos pacientes polimedicados con múltiples comorbilidades. Y sugieren que sería de ayuda para aportar algo de luz en la confusa evidencia que existe el tener recomendaciones especí- ficas en las guías de IC para manejar estas comorbilidades en pacientes con IC en concreto (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Hiperuricemia/complicações , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Administração de Caso , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Médicos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Gastropatias/prevenção & controle
5.
Pharm. care Esp ; 14(1): 19-27, ene.-feb. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108958

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar, mediante el modelo PRECEDE, los factores predisponentes, facilitadores y reforzantes que influían en la participación de un grupo de farmacéuticos en el proyecto AFasma. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante de los farmacéuticos incluidos en el grupo de intervención del estudio AFasma. Resultados: Los factores predisponentes motivantes para el farmacéutico fueron: formación en asma, realización profesional, fidelización del paciente y valoración de la farmacia. Los factores desmotivantes fueron: dedicación de tiempo, ausencia de relación farmacéutico-médico, falta de personal y de publicidad, y dificultades para ofrecer el servicio. Los factores facilitadores presentes fueron: habilidades de comunicación farmacéuticopaciente, cumplimentación correcta de las hojas de recogida de datos, uso correcto del inhalador y pago por servicio. Por el contrario, se detectó: baja capacidad para ofertar el servicio, ausencia de una zona de atención personalizada, dudas con la valoración de la técnica de inhalación y educación en asma, y ausencia de implicación de todo el personal de la farmacia. Los factores reforzantes identificados con mayor frecuencia a favor de la realización del estudio fueron: satisfacción personal y profesional, mejora de la relación farmacéutico-paciente y actualización en farmacología, mientras que entre los identificados en contra el más frecuente fue la alta dedicación de tiempo requerida. Conclusiones: La utilización del modelo PRECEDE logró identificar los factores predisponentes, facilitadores y reforzantes que condicionaron la participación de un grupo de farmacéuticos en el estudio AFasma. Con los resultados obtenidos se podría diseñar un conjunto de estrategias para apoyar la realización de estudios similares y facilitar una posible implantación del servicio (AU)


Objective: Identify trough the PRECEDE model those factors predisposing, reinforcing and enabling the participation of a group of pharmacists in the AFasma project. Methods: Qualitative study through semi-structured interviews and participant observation of the pharmacists included in the intervention group of the AFasma project. Results: Predisposing factors motivating the pharmacist were: asthma training, professional satisfaction, patient loyalty and increase pharmacy value. Those desmotivating were: lack of time, lack of physician-pharmacist collaborative working relationship, lack of staff and marketing and difficulties in offering the service. Facilitating factors were: pharmacist-patient communication skills, ability to complete data forms, correct inhaler technique and payment for the service. In contrast, there was a lack of skills to offer the service to the patient, lack of a patient counseling area, doubts with the inhaler technique assessment and asthma non-pharmacological advice, and pharmacy staff not working as a team. Reinforcing factors supporting the service were: professional and personal satisfaction, improvement of the pharmacist-patient relationship, pharmacology training. The reinforcing factor against the service was the time spent during the project. Conclusions: Using the PRECEDE model we were able to identify the factors predisposing, facilitating and enabling the participation of a group of pharmacist in the AFasma project. With the factors identifi ed a number of strategies could be developed in order to support further studies and facilitate a potential implementation of the service (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Farmácias , Farmácias/organização & administração , Assistência Farmacêutica , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , 25783/métodos , Causalidade
6.
Farm Hosp ; 36(6): 498-505, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23461443

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medicine review with follow up quantitative studies conducted on heart failure (HF) outpatients detected health problems that were frequently treated insufficiently: hyperuricemia, gastric injury prevention, anemia, and diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore experiences in the pharmacological management of these health problems, and to contribute with strategies to overcome the identified obstacles. METHODS: The internal medicine specialists and cardiologists of a tertiary hospital HF clinic underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews and a constant comparative approach was used. RESULTS: Interviewees highlighted there is a lack of guidelines concerning the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in HF, thus in routine practice it is often not treated. Interviewees said that preventive strategies to avoid gastric injury in at-risk patients taking prophylactic low-dose aspirin are needed, but the most appropriate strategy is not well defined. Interviewees thought that structural support is needed for the management of HF patients with anemia, and proper clinic pathways should be created to identify which service patients should be referred to. The same lack of communication with other services appeared with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: HF specialists demand a closer interaction with other specialists for a comprehensive approach to these polymedicated patients with multiple co-morbidities. And suggest that specific recommendations in HF guidelines to manage these co-morbidities specifically in HF would be helpful to shed light upon the existing confusing evidence.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Adulto , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Administração de Caso , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/complicações , Masculino , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Médicos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Gastropatias/prevenção & controle
8.
Pharm. care Esp ; 13(6): 271-279, nov.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108954

RESUMO

Introducción: Actualmente casi un 80% del gasto sanitario español corresponde a las personas mayores de 65 años que, debido a su pluripatología, se convierten en pacientes polimedicados. El farmacéutico comunitario es uno de los agentes de salud que puede ayudar a controlar este gasto y mejorar la calidad del uso de los medicamentos debido a su cercanía y accesibilidad, aunque actualmente sólo se le reconozca un rol dispensador de medicamentos. Objetivos: Explorar la percepción que tiene el paciente mayor polimedicado sobre el rol del farmacéutico. Material y métodos: Se utilizó un método exploratorio basado en la investigación cualitativa, usando como medio de obtención de información la entrevista semiestructurada y como marcos teóricos la Teoría del Rol complementada con la Teoría de las Creencias en Salud. Resultados: Los pacientes mayores polimedicados identifi can con el rol de profesional sanitario principalmente a su médico de cabecera y al personal de enfermería, relegando al farmacéutico a funciones de índole menor y, sobre todo, con un rol dispensador de medicamentos y productos sanitarios, aunque resaltan la gran accesibilidad y la confianza que tienen con este profesional. Conclusión: Los pacientes mayores polimedicados en España esperan del farmacéutico un buen trato y un rol dispensador. Esto puede deberse a la baja expectativa que se tiene del farmacéutico para realizar servicios profesionales distintos de los clásicos (dispensación). Los farmacéuticos deberían empezar a cambiar su rol actual implantando servicios para que la percepción del paciente cambie(AU)


Introduction: Nowadays, almost 80 percent of the health expenditure in Spain corresponds to people over 65 years of age as a result of their multiple pathology, have become polymedicated patients. Community pharmacists are community health workers who can help to control this expense and improve the quality of use of the medications due to the proximity and approachability although nowadays they are only known in their role as the medication dispenser. Materials and methods: An exploratory method was used, based on the qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were conducted as a means to get information, combining both the Role Theory and Health Belief Model as theoretical frameworks. Results: Polymedicated elderly patients tend to associate the role of health care professionals with their general practitioners and community nurses, giving less priority to the function of the pharmacists. Pharmacists are often relegated to a minor role and particularly to the supplying of drugs and healthcare products, that is, their dispensary role. However, patients are likely to highlight the great accessibility and trust they have towards these professionals. Conclusion: The polymedicated elderly patients expect from the pharmacist in Spain is a good rapport with their patients, besides a dispensary role. This could be a consequence of the low expectations that they have of the pharmacists concerning the services they provide. Pharmacists are assumed not to offer other services different to the classical services (dispensing). They should start changing their current role by introducing new services in order to change the perception that patients have about them(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papel Profissional/psicologia , Farmácias/organização & administração , Farmácias/normas , Farmácias , Sistemas de Medicação/organização & administração , Sistemas de Medicação/normas , Sistemas de Medicação , Sistemas de Medicação no Hospital/normas , Autoeficácia , Percepção/fisiologia , Esquema de Medicação , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/organização & administração , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/normas , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Boas Práticas de Dispensação , Medicamentos de Venda Assistida/farmacocinética , Medicamentos de Venda Assistida/uso terapêutico
9.
Ars pharm ; 52(3): 35-45, jul.-sept. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92322

RESUMO

Introduccion: El presente estudio pretende categorizar las farmacias españolas en función de su situación en el proceso de decisión-innovación de Rogers en relación a la provisión del Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico (SFT).Metodo: Se empleó un cuestionario, no validado, previamente utilizado con el mismo objetivo, mediante la técnica de CATI. Las variables dependientes fueron las cinco fases del proceso de implantación/adopción de Rogers [Conocimiento (F-C); Persuasión (F-P); Decisión (F-D); Implantación (F-I); Mantenimiento (F-M)], a las que se sumó la fase previa al conocimiento (No conocen). Las farmacias en F-M se sub-categorizaron en función del número de pacientes en Seguimiento, siempre que éste fuera superior a 1: (F-M1) de 2 a 5 pacientes; (F-M2) 6 a 10 pacientes; (F-M3) 11 a 25 pacientes; (F-M4) 26 a 50; (F-M5) 51 a 100 y (F-M6) 101 ó más pacientes. Las farmacias con un único paciente se incluyeron en F-I.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1.135 respuestas (tasa de respuesta = 54%). Su distribución según el proceso de decisión/innovación de Rogers es la siguiente: No conocen (353; 31,1%); F-C (351; 30,9%); F-P (145; 12,8%); F-D (129; 11,4%); F-I (100; 8,8%); F-M (57; 5,0%). Las subcategorías en la F-M son: F-M1(15; 26,3%); F-M2 (12; 21,1%); F-M3 (10; 17,5%) F-M4 (10; 17,5%); F-M5 (4; 7,0%). Hay grandes diferencias entre las distintas CCAA siendo Aragón la que tiene mayor porcentaje de farmacias en F-I y F-M mientras que Cantabria es la que mayor desconocimiento refleja (50,0%) con un 0% en las F-I y F-M. También se observa un 0% en F-M en La Rioja, Canarias y Asturias. La existencia de una ZAP se muestra como un facilitador para la realización del servicio y la presencia de un responsable del SFT parece que es importante para conseguir su mantenimiento una vez implantado el mismo. Conclusiones: A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por diferentes organizaciones e instituciones para impulsar la implantación y sostenibilidad del SFT, de acuerdo con los datos obtenidos es posible afirmar que este servicio se encuentra muy poco implantado en España. El hecho de que en la farmacia exista una zona de atención personalizada (ZAP) se muestra como un elemento que facilita la implantación del SFT. Por otra parte, la existencia de un farmacéutico responsable del servicio aparece como un elemento que permite la sostenibilidad del mismo una vez implantado. Es necesario modificar los objetivos de la formación postgrado de los farmacéuticos. Esta debe estar menos orientada a aumentar el conocimiento y más orientada a mejorar las habilidades y competencias, es decir, debe estar encaminada al cambio de comportamiento (AU)


Introduction: The aim of the study is to categorize Spanish Community Pharmacies in relation to their position in the innovation-decision process by Rogers, in relation to the provision of Medication Review with follow up.Methods: A non validated questionnaire, previously used with the same objective, was used through a CATI methodology. The dependent variables were the five different innovation/decision phases defined by Rogers [Knowledge (F-C); Persuasion (F-P); Decision (F-D); Implementation (F-I); Maintenance (F-M). Another further phase was added including pharmacists in a phase previous to knowledge (No knowledge). Pharmacies in F-M were sub categorized in relation to the number of patients receiving the service: (F-M1) from 2 to 5 patients; (F-M2) 6 to 10 patients; (F-M3) 11 to 25 patients; (F-M4) 26 to 50 patients); (F-M5) 51 to 100 and (F-M6) 101 or more patients. Pharmacies with only one patient were included in F-I.Results: 1135 answers were received (response rate = 54%). Their distribution, according to the innovation/decision process by Rogers, was as follows: No knowledge (353; 31.1%); F-C (351; 30.9%); F-P (145; 12.8%); F-D (129; 11.4%); F-I (100; 8.8%); F-M (57; 5.0%). The F-M sub categories were: F-M1 (15; 26.3%); F-M2 (12; 21.1%); F-M3 (10; 17.5%) F-M4 (10; 17.5%); F-M5 (4; 7.0%). There are huge differences among Autonomous Communities, being Aragon the one with more pharmacies located in F-I and F-M, while Cantabria shows the most high level of no-knowledge (50.0%) having a 0.0% in F-I and F-M. A 0% in F-M is also shown in La Rioja, Canarias and Asturias. The existence of a private consultation room (ZAP) is shown as a facilitator for the provision of the service, and the existence of a responsible for the service seems to be very important to the sustainability of the service after it implementation. Conclusions: However the great efforts already done by different organizations and institutions to promote the implementation and sustainability of Medication Review with follow up, according to the data obtained in this study is possible to affirm that so far this service is poorly implemented in Spain. The existence of a private consultation room (ZAP) is shown as a facilitator for the implementation of Medication Review with follow up. On the other hand the existence of a pharmacist being the responsible for the service is shown as a support to the sustainability of the service, once this has been implemented. It seems necessary to change post degree educational programs. These shouldn’t be directed only to improve knowledge, but to develop skills and competencies, what means that these programs should try to change behaviours (AU)


Conclusions: However the great efforts already done by different organizations and institutions to promote the implementation and sustainability of Medication Review with follow up, according to the data obtained in this study is possible to affirm that so far this service is poorly implemented in Spain. The existence of a private consultation room (ZAP) is shown as a facilitator for the implementation of Medication Review with follow up. On the other hand the existence of a pharmacist being the responsible for the service is shown as a support to the sustainability of the service, once this has been implemented. It seems necessary to change post degree educational programs. These shouldn’t be directed only to improve knowledge, but to develop skills and competencies, what means that these programs should try to change behaviours (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Farmácias/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/classificação , 24419 , Seguimentos , Tratamento Farmacológico/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.3): 15-21, jul. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99460

RESUMO

La profesión farmacéutica se encuentra en pleno proceso de cambio, pasando de una orientación en exclusiva dirigida al producto (medicamento), a una actividad más amplia, orientada además al paciente y al uso racional del medicamento, entendido como la adecuación de las garantías de calidad, seguridad y eficacia del medicamento a cada concreto paciente a través del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. Esta nueva conceptualización de la dispensación farmacéutica se materializa mediante la implantación de nuevos servicios profesionales enmarcados en la nueva filosofía de la práctica denominada Atención Farmacéutica (AF). Los orígenes de esta filosofía se pueden incardinaren la aparición de la Farmacia Clínica (EEUU, años 60) y en la publicación, en 1990, del artículo Opportunities and responsibilities in Pharmaceutical care firmado por los profesores americanos Hepler y Strand. A partir de ahí comenzó un desarrollo de esta filosofía de la práctica que, existe unanimidad en ello, tiene sus orígenes en España en 1995, en el V Congreso de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, que tuvo lugar en la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). El objetivo de trabajo es analizar la situación de la práctica farmacéutica en la última década del siglo XX en España y el origen de la AF en el Congreso de 1995(AU)


The pharmacy profession is in the process of change, from an exclusive orientation led to the product(drug), to a broader activity, in addition to patient-oriented and rational drug use, defined as the adequacy of quality assurance , safety and efficacy for each individual patient through drug therapy monitoring. This new conceptualization of pharmaceutical dispensing is implemented through the introduction of new professional services framed in the new philosophy of the practice known aspharmaceutical care (AF).The origins of this philosophy can incardinate in the appearance of Clinical Pharmacy (USA, years 60)and in the publication, in 1990, Article Opportunities and Responsibilities in Pharmaceutical care signed by the American professors Hepler and Strand. From there began a development of this philosophy of practice, there is unanimity about it, has its origins in Spain in 1995 at the V Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences, held at the University of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). The objective is to analyze the situation of pharmacy practice in the last decade of the twentieth century in Spain and the origin of AF in the Congress of 1995(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Educação em Farmácia/normas , Tratamento Farmacológico/métodos , Química Farmacêutica/educação , Educação em Farmácia/organização & administração , Educação em Farmácia/tendências
11.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 7(3): 125-138, jul.-sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-73126

RESUMO

Aims: To describe medication adherence education, practice, research and policy efforts carried out by pharmacists in Spain in the last decade. Methods: A literature review using Medline and Embase was conducted covering the last ten years. Additional pharmaceutical bibliographic sources in Spain were consulted to retrieve articles of interest from the last decade. Articles were included if a pharmacist was involved and if medication adherence was measured or there was any direct or indirect pharmacist intervention in monitoring and/or improving adherence. Articles focusing on the development of tools for adherence assessment were collected. Pre- and post-graduate pharmacy training programs were also reviewed through the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science website. Information regarding policy issues was gathered from the Spanish and Autonomous Communities of Education and Health Ministries websites. Results: Pharmacists receive no specific training focused on adherence. There is no specific government policies for pharmacists in Spain related to medication adherence regardless of their practice setting. A total of 24 research studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 involved pharmacist intervention in monitoring and/or improving adherence and 14 assessed only adherence. Ten studies involved hospital pharmacists working in collaboration with another healthcare professional. Conclusions: At present in Spain, the investigative role of the pharmacist is not well developed in the area of medication adherence. Adherence improvement services provided to patients by pharmacists are not implemented in a systematic way. However, recent efforts to implement new initiatives in this area may provide the basis for offering new cognitive services aimed at improving patient adherence in the near future (AU)


Objetivo: Describir la educación, práctica e investigación sobre adherencia farmacológica llevadas a cabo en la última década por farmacéuticos en España. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión de la bibliografía de los últimos 10 años en Medline y Embase. Además, se consultaron otras fuentes bibliográficas farmacéuticas españolas para recuperar artículos de interés publicados en la última década. Los artículos se incluyeron si contaban con la participación de un farmacéutico y se medía la adherencia a la medicación, o si existía una intervención farmacéutica para monitorizar y/o mejorar la adherencia, de forma directa o indirecta. Se seleccionaron también los artículos que desarrollaban herramientas para la evaluación de la adherencia. También, se revisaron los programas de formación impartidos en pre y postgrado de farmacia. La evaluación de las políticas sobre este asunto se realizó analizando las páginas web de los Ministerios de Educación y de Sanidad y Política Social a nivel estatal, así como sus homólogos a nivel autonómico. Resultados: Los farmacéuticos no reciben formación ninguna enfocada específicamente a la adherencia. Tampoco existe política ni práctica sanitaria obligatoria que deban seguir los farmacéuticos independientemente del ámbito sanitario donde ejerzan su profesión. Respecto a la investigación, se encontraron 24 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De ellos, 10 trataban de alguna intervención farmacéutica para monitorizar y/o mejorar la adherencia y 14 sólo pretendían evaluar la adherencia. En diez de los estudios, participaron farmacéuticos hospitalarios en colaboración con otro profesional de la salud. Conclusiones: Actualmente en España, la actividad investigadora del farmacéutico está poco desarrollada en el campo de la adherencia farmacológica. Los servicios que proporcionan los farmacéuticos a los pacientes para mejorar la adherencia no se implementan de forma generalizada. No obstante, parece ser que los esfuerzos que se están realizando últimamente para implantar nuevas iniciativas pueden constituir una base para que en un futuro cercano se comiencen a prestar servicios cognitivos encaminados a mejorar la adherencia de los pacientes (AU)


Assuntos
Farmacologia Clínica/educação , Farmacologia Clínica/métodos , Pesquisa/métodos , Pesquisa/organização & administração , Indústria Farmacêutica/legislação & jurisprudência , Indústria Farmacêutica/métodos , Ética Farmacêutica , Legislação Farmacêutica , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/métodos , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/tendências , Farmacologia/métodos
14.
Curr Pharm Des ; 10(31): 3969-85, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15579083

RESUMO

Pharmaceutical care started in the nineties in the United States and has rapidly extended in many other countries. Although there are different trends, such as clinical pharmacy services, cognitive services, medication management, medication review, they all share the same philosophy and objectives, namely "the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life". To attain these objectives, a pharmaceutical care process has to be followed point-by-point in order to detect possible medication-related problems. Furthermore, pharmacists have to work together with patients, and ultimately with physicians to establish a care plan. This methodology requires basic skills of documentation and communication and therefore, it is important to establish implementation programs aimed at community-, hospital-, and consultant pharmacists, and to consider PC as a basic element of University teaching programs and postgraduate studies. Moreover, there are still barriers that hinder the provision of this service and have to be overcome. In this article, we have revised the implementation process and the existing projects in many countries and we conclude that despite the enormous amount of work, there is still much to be done from sides of Administration and pharmacists themselves.


Assuntos
Internacionalidade , Assistência Farmacêutica/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Tratamento Farmacológico/métodos , Tratamento Farmacológico/normas , Humanos , Relações Interprofissionais/ética , Prontuários Médicos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Assistência Farmacêutica/normas , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/classificação , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/ética , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/organização & administração
15.
Ars pharm ; 42(1/2): 42-53, ene. 2001. tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-23460

RESUMO

La Atención Farmacéutica (Pharmaceutical Care) o el Seguimiento del Tratamiento Farmacológico requiere de una formación de pregrado, pero también de postgrado, continuada y reglada. En ese intento de proporcionar formación continuada, se creó el Programa Dáder de Seguimiento del Tratamiento Farmacológico. Objetivo. El presente trabajo analiza los resultados de la fase piloto de la metodología Dáder para el Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico, durante los meses de enero a marzo del 2000.Resultados. En 24 farmacias con 48 farmacéuticos comunitarios se realizó Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico a 174 pacientes. Se intervino en 194 PRM, de los que se resolvieron 167. La distribución de tipos de PRM fue de 31 por ciento de necesidad, 32,9 por ciento de efectividad y 36,1 por ciento de seguridad. Hubo de comunicarse con el médico en el 68 por ciento de las ocasiones, resolviéndose el 81 por ciento de estos, y el 92 por ciento de los que se comunicó sólo con el paciente. Conclusiones: La metodología Dáder para el Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico es útil para identificar y resolver problemas relacionados con medicamentos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Medicamentosa , Assistência Farmacêutica , Educação Continuada em Farmácia , Farmácias , Seguimentos , Projetos Piloto
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