RESUMO
The infiltration and biodegradation of medium molecular weight hydrocarbons were studied in field and lysimeter experiments. An initial loading rate of 4 kg m(-2) of a gas-oil cut (nC12-nC21) was applied and the weathering of hydrocarbons was monitored by gravimetry and capillary gas-chromatography. The composition and vertical distribution of biogenic hydrocarbons were studied in control plots. After 3.5 years, 94% of the fossil hydrocarbons were removed from the field and 83% from the lysimeter. Microbial degradation was active in the 30 cm upper layer of the soil. The undegraded residue was composed of cyclic alkanes and aromatics. Hydrocarbons were shown to penetrate down to 60 cm in the field and 80 cm in the lysimeter. A preferential infiltration of light hydrocarbons was noted in the lysimeter, and a selective adsorption of the heaviest compounds on the organo-mineral matrix was demonstrated in the superficial layer of the soil. The potential for leaching of unmodified hydrocarbons towards the groundwater was slight, whereas the input of total organic carbon resulting from microbial activity could account for more than 1% of the initial carbon load.
