RESUMO
Aim of the Study: The objective of this study was to know the various types of parotid tumors and their clinical presentations, surgical management, and post-operative outcome. Material and Methods: Data of 102 patients assessed from hospital records who underwent parotid surgery between the years 2013 and 2018 were obtained. Parameters included age, sex, socio-demographic profile, presenting complaints, examination findings, and cytopathology. Surgical techniques, post-operative complications such as a facial scar, retro-mandibular and pre-auricular depression, facial palsy, Frey's syndrome, and numbness over the ear lobule were analyzed. Result: Out of a total of 102 patients, 54.0% of patients were male, and 45.1% were female. The mean age of patients was 33.30 ± 13.87 years ranging from 7 to 65 years. The most common clinical presentation was swelling in the parotid region (95.1%), and associated symptoms with swelling were pain (17.5%), facial palsy (4.9%), discharging sinus (4.9%), and ulcerative lesions (1%) at the time of presentation. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (76.5%), followed by Warthin's tumors (2.9%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant neoplasm (3.9%). After parotid surgery, 35% of patients had a sensory impairment or hypoesthesia of the ear lobule, and 23.28% had temporary facial nerve weakness. 5.0% of patients had permanent facial weakness, and 2.06% of patients had weakness of the marginal mandibular nerve. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are the most common benign and malignant tumors, respectively, and parotidectomy is the treatment of choice, depending on the tumor location. Successful treatment depends on early diagnosis and histopathological and radiological investigations. Sensory impairment and temporary facial nerve paralysis are the most common post-operative complications, which are minimized by proper knowledge of anatomy and meticulous dissection of the facial nerve during parotid surgery.
RESUMO
MUC16 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and plays important roles in invasion and metastasis. Previously described monoclonal antibodies against cell surface expressed MUC16 recognize the N-terminal tandemly repeated epitopes present in cancer antigen 125 (CA125). MUC16 is cleaved at a specific location, thus, releasing CA125 into the extracellular space. Recent reports have indicated that the retained carboxy-terminal (CT) fragment of MUC16 might play an important role in tumorigenicity in diverse types of cancers. However, limited data is available on the fate and existence of CT fragment on the surface of the cancer cell. Herein, we characterize two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) showing specificity to the retained juxtamembrane region of MUC16. For the first time, we demonstrate that MUC16 is cleaved in ovarian cancer cells (NIH:OVCAR-3 [OVCAR-3]) and that the cleaved MUC16 subunits remain associated with each other. Immunohistochemical analyses on different grades of ovarian tumor tissues indicated differential reactivity of CA125 and MUC16 CT mAbs. The CA125 (M11) mAb detected 32/40 (80%), while the CT mAb (5E6) detected 33/40 (82.5%) of total ovarian cancer cases. For serous and serous papillary cases, the CA125 (M11) mAb stained 27/31 cases (87%), while CT mAb (5E6) stained 29/31 cases (93.5%). The CT mAb(s) accurately predict expression of MUC16 since their epitopes are not tandemly repeated and their reactivity may not be dependent on O-linked glycosylation. These antibodies can serve as valuable reagents for understanding MUC16 cleavage and may also serve as potential therapeutic agents for treatment of ovarian cancer.
