[Symptoms and signs of heart failure in the Russian clinical guidelines of 2016: lost and displaced].

Using the example of Russian and European clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of heart failure the article addressed issues, which may arise from word-for-word or component-wise translation to Russian of some English medical terms, such as bendopnea (or flexodyspnea, a symptom of shortness of breath when bending forward), a symptom (subjective symptom), and a sign (objective symptom).