The Role of CXCR3 and Associated Chemokines in the Development of Atherosclerosis and During Myocardial Infarction.

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and associated CXC chemokines have been extensively investigated in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor development. Recent studies have indicated the role of these chemokines also in cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to present current knowledge regarding the role of CXCR3-binding chemokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and during acute myocardial infarction.

A study of some practical aspects of high temperature liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical applications.

In the pharmaceutical industry fast and efficient separation techniques play an increasing role among analytical methods because the samples to be investigated grow both in complexity and number, and there is an increasing time pressure to complete the analysis. Reducing the analysis time without decreasing the efficiency is possible using higher pressures, elevated temperatures, smaller particle sizes, or a combination of these approaches. Recently developed chromatographic techniques such as the UHPLC (ultra high performance liquid chromatography) and HTLC (high temperature liquid chromatography) are highly promising in meeting these demands. In this study, high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) with a zirconia-based column and temperatures elevated up to 150°C was used. We investigated the chromatographic behaviour of a steroid active pharmaceutical ingredient (levonorgestrel) and its structurally related impurities as model compounds. The effect of the temperature in the range of 50-150°C and the flow-rate in the range of 0.5-3.0 ml/min, and using methanol as an organic modifier, were studied for optimisation of the separation method.

[Capillary electrochromatography for chiral separation and purity testing of pharmaceutical drug substances]. / A kapilláris elektro-kromatográfia (CEC) tanulmányozása gyógyszerhatóanyag királis elválasztásara és tisztasági vizsgálatára.

Chiral separation of D,L-Norgestrel was successfully performed by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) method. Optimized CEC conditions for purity testing were achieved: Hypersil C-18 packed capillary and 10 mM 2-[N-morpholino]-ethanesulfonic acid buffer (MES) and 40 v/v % methanol as background electrolyte containing 10 mM gamma-cyclodextrin at pH = 5.5. The resolution was found to be strongly dependent on the concentration of chiral selector gamma-cyclodextrin, applied voltage and temperature of the capillary. Our results represent a simple, fast and reproducible method for the separation of D,L-Norgestrel and purity testing of D-Norgestrel. It can be concluded that cyclodextrin modified HPLC, HPCE and CEC offer inexpensive, attractive and reliable chiral separation methods.