RESUMO
YABBY family genes play important roles in the development of leaf, flower, and fruit. The purpose of this research was to integrate all the YABBY genes and analyze the correlation between gene expression and fruit shape in tomato. Scanning of 24 genomes of sequenced species demonstrated that YABBY genes were very normal and stable in flowering plants except the seedless plants. Nine YABBY genes in tomato were computationally and experimentally characterized. The phylogeny was constructed based on whole proteins or the YABBY domain, and five distinct clades were observed as described in other angiosperms. A comparison of the expression patterns in tomatoes with large differences in fruit shape and/or size suggested that during the fruit development, YABBY genes had both negative and positive functions. The obtained information could provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of YABBY genes and can also be useful for tomato yield and shape breeding.
Assuntos
Frutas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Família Multigênica , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Frutas/anatomia & histologia , Frutas/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii toward aminoglycosides. A total of 32 A. baumannii strains were identified by molecular identification and subsequently isolated. The isolates were then amplified by polymerase chain reaction to analyze the 9 aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and 7 16S rRNA methylase genes. Five types of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and 1 type of 16S rRNA methylase gene were detected in the 32 drug-resistant A. baumannii strains. Positive genes included 7 detection modes, of which the all-6-gene-positive mode aac(2')-Ib+aac(3)-I+aac(6')-Ib+ant(3'')-I+aph(3')-I+armA exhibited the largest number of strains (12, 37.5%). The resistance of A. baumannii against aminoglycosides resulted from the presence of 5 types of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and the 16S rRNA methylase gene armA. This study is the first to isolate the aac(2')-Ib aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene from A. baumannii in a domestic clinical setting.
Assuntos
Acetiltransferases/genética , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Acinetobacter baumannii/efeitos dos fármacos , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Testes Genéticos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Association mapping based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) provides a promising tool to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in plant resources. A total of 141 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) accessions were selected to detect simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with nine fruit traits. Population structure analysis was performed with 105 SSR markers, which revealed that two subgroups were present in this population. LD analysis exhibited an extensive long-range LD of approximately 11 cM. A total of 49 marker associations related to eight phenotypic traits were identified to involve 24 different markers, although no association was found with the trait of fruit glossiness. To our knowledge, this is the 1st approach to use a genome-wide association study in eggplant with SSR markers. These results suggest that the association analysis approach could be a useful alternative to traditional linkage mapping to detect putative QTLs in eggplant.