Research on the Magnetic Properties of High-Saturation Magnetically Induced Alloy Motors under Magnetocaloric Coupling.

In the face of the rapid development of the motor industry, some motors with traditional soft magnetic materials can no longer meet the needs of the market. Using new high-saturation magnetic density materials has become a new breakthrough to improve the torque density of motors. Fe-Co alloys (1J22) have high-saturation magnetic induction strength, which can effectively improve the motor's magnetic field strength and increase its torque density. At the same time, the temperature rise of the motor is also an important factor to consider in the motor design process. In particular, the change in core temperature caused by loss makes the coupling of the internal temperature field and the electromagnetic field of the motor more common. Therefore, it is necessary to test the temperature and magnetic properties of 1J22 together. In this paper, a coupling measurement device for magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials is built, and a 1J22 temperature field-electromagnetic field coupling experiment is completed. It is found that the maximum loss of 1J22 decreases by 4.44% with the increase in temperature; the maximum loss is 6.41% less than that of traditional silicon steel. Finally, a finite element simulation model is built to simulate the actual working conditions of the motor, and it is verified that the magnetic properties of the material at high temperature will have a certain impact on the performance of the motor.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and rheological properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) protein.

Nitrogen fertilizer can affect the seed quality of mung bean. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the properties of mung bean protein (MBP) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of four nitrogen fertilization levels on the physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and rheological properties of MBP. The results showed that the amino acid and protein contents of mung bean flour were maximized under 90 kg ha-1 of applied nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen fertilization can alter the secondary and tertiary structure of MBP. The main manifestations are an increase in the proportion of ß-sheet, the exposure of more chromophores and hydrophobic groups, and the formation of loose porous aggregates. These changes improved the solubility, oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity, and foaming stability of MBP. Meanwhile, Thermodynamic and rheological analyses showed that the thermal stability, apparent viscosity, and gel elasticity of MBP were all increased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Correlation analysis showed that protein properties are closely related to changes in structure. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization can improve the protein properties of MBP by modulating the structure of protein molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of mung bean cultivation and the further development of high-quality mung bean protein foods.

Exploring the mediating effect of creativity on the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography.

This study examined the relationship between family capital (FC) and academic achievement in geography along with the mediating role of creativity. The main objective was to determine if FC is a positive predictor of creativity and geographic achievement, and whether creativity completely or partially mediates the relationship between FC and geographic achievement. 1268 high school students participated in this study using the Family Capital Questionnaire (FCQ), the Innovative Behavior Scale (IBS), and students' class geography scores. SPSS 26 and Amos software were used to analyze the descriptive statistics and the correlation between the main variables. The mediating role of creativity was tested using PROCESS version 4. The correlation analyses showed that FC positively affected academic achievement in geography (ß = 0.382, SE = 0.019). Creativity also demonstrated a positive effect on geography academic achievement (ß = 0.376, SE = 0.022). The mediation analysis showed that creativity mediated and buffered the relationship between FC and academic achievement in geography. Thus, FC directly affected students' academic achievement in geography and indirectly affected their creativity. This clearly demonstrates that student characteristics and the external environment should be emphasized in geography education, while placing a strong focus on cultivating individual creativity.

Stimulating creativity in the classroom: examining the impact of sense of place on students' creativity and the mediating effect of classmate relationships.

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have found a close relationship between sense of place and creativity, few studies have been conducted considering the micro-environment of the classroom. The mediating role of classmate relationships in the association between students' sense of place and creativity remains unclear. METHODS: This study explores classmate relationships as a mediating factor in the relationship between sense of place and creativity. Therefore, we considered a sample of 1555 Chinese high-school students and used a paper-based questionnaire survey. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, PROCESS 3.2 plugin, and AMOS. RESULTS: Sense of place in the micro-environment of the classroom has a significant positive predictive effect on creativity. Sense of place also has a significant positive predictive effect on peer relationships. The mediation analysis reveals that peer relationships play a mediating role in the relationship between the sense of place and creativity. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the associations between sense of place, classmate relationships, and creativity. Creativity is better expressed in students with a strong sense of place in the classroom. Moreover, a student's sense of place can enhance their creativity by influencing their peer relationships. These findings enrich the research in educational psychology within the classroom, providing new insights for fostering creativity.

Nitrogen regulates the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids to improve protein structural and gel properties in common buckwheat.

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer impacts the grain quality of common buckwheat, but the effects and regulatory mechanisms of N on various protein parameters of buckwheat are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the particle morphology, structural and gel properties, and regulation mechanism of buckwheat protein under four N levels. The bulk density, surface hydrophobicity, particle size, and thermal properties of the buckwheat protein were maximized through the optimal N application (180 kg N/ha), further enhancing the thermal stability of the protein. N application increased the ß-sheet content and reduced the random coil content. Appropriate N fertilizer input enhanced the tertiary structure stability and gel elasticity of buckwheat protein by promoting hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, ionic bonds, storage modulus and loss modulus. The differentially expressed proteins induced by N are primarily enriched in small ribosomal subunit and ribosome, improving protein quality mainly by promoting the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids. Future agriculture should pay attention to the hydrophobic amino acid content of buckwheat to effectively improve protein quality. This study further advances the application of buckwheat protein in the field of food processing and provides a theoretical basis for the extensive development and utilization of buckwheat protein.

Soil enzyme activities, physiological indicators, agronomic traits and yield of common buckwheat under herbicide combined with safeners.

In the pursuit of green agricultural development, alleviating the harmful effects of herbicides is critical. Herbicide safeners have been identified as an effective solution to safeguard crops without compromising the herbicidal efficacy. However, the impact of combined applications of herbicide and safeners on the physiological characteristics, growth, yield of common buckwheat, and soil enzyme activities remains unclear. Therefore, a two-year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted in the Loess Plateau region of Northwest China under seven treatments: herbicide metolachlor application alone (H1); herbicide metolachlor combined with gibberellin (H1S1); herbicide metolachlor combined with brassinolide (H1S2); herbicide metolachlor combined with naian (H1S3); herbicide metolachlor combined with jiecaotong (H1S4); manual weeding (CK1) and spraying the same volume of water (CK2). The results indicated that H1S3 minimized herbicide toxicity while sustaining the herbicide control efficacy. H1S2 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content (SPAD value), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the leaves compared to H1 treatment. Additionally, the safeners helped restore the biochemical homeostasis of the soil by preventing the inhibition of invertase and urease activities and increasing soil catalase activity. Furthermore, H1S2 promotion of dry matter accumulation, alleviation of herbicide inhibition on plant height, stem diameter, grainnumber per plant and thousand-grain weight resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (14.36 % in 2021 and 27.78 % in 2022) compared to other safener treatments. Overall, this study demonstrates that brassinolide as a safener can effectively mitigate the negative effects of herbicide on the growth and development of common buckwheat while also improving grain yield. These findings provide valuable technical guidance for sustainable and intensive production of common buckwheat in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China.

The Association Between Group Identity and Post-Traumatic Growth in the Post COVID-19 Era: The Mediating Effect of Social-Emotional Competence.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of human-society relationships on individual post-traumatic growth (PTG) in the post COVID-19 era, this study examined the association between group identity (GI) and PTG, and explored the mediating role of social-emotional competence (SEC). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 1203 high school students in an eastern region of China using the GI Scale, the SEC Scale, and the PTG Scale. We conducted correlation and mediation analyses using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS software. Results: The results indicated that GI was a significant positive predictor of PTG (ß=0.219, p<0.001), and that the pathway between GI and PTG was partially mediated by SEC (Effect=0.074, 95% CI= [0.045,0.104]). Conclusion: GI can have both direct and indirect effects on PTG, with the latter mediated by SEC. These findings hold important theoretical and practical implications for promoting PTG and enhancing mental health in the post COVID-19 era.

Novel bionic inspired nanosystem construction for precise delivery of mRNA.

The intracellular delivery of messenger (m)RNA holds great potential for the discovery and development of vaccines and therapeutics. Yet, in many applications, a major obstacle to clinical translation of mRNA therapy is the lack of efficient strategy to precisely deliver RNA sequence to liver tissues and cells. In this study, we synthesized virus-like mesoporous silica (V-SiO2) nanoparticles for effectively deliver the therapeutic RNA. Then, the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) was included for the further silica surface modification (V-SiO2-P). Negatively charged mRNA motifs were successfully linked on the surface of V-SiO2 through electrostatic interactions with PEI (m@V-SiO2-P). Finally, the supported lipid bilayer (LB) was completely wrapped on the bionic inspired surface of the nanoparticles (m@V-SiO2-P/LB). Importantly, we found that, compared with traditional liposomes with mRNA loading (m@LNPs), the V-SiO2-P/LB bionic-like morphology effectively enhanced mRNA delivery effect to hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and PEI modification concurrently promoted mRNA binding and intracellular lysosomal escape. Furthermore, m@V-SiO2-P increased the blood circulation time (t1/2 = 7 h) to be much longer than that of the m@LNPs (4.2 h). Understanding intracellular delivery mediated by the V-SiO2-P/LB nanosystem will inspire the next-generation of highly efficient and effective mRNA therapies. In addition, the nanosystem can also be applied to the oral cavity, forehead, face and other orthotopic injections.

The mediating effect of geospatial thinking on the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography.

Purpose: Family environment has the major impact on children's academic development. The aim of this study was to research the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography. Further, geospatial thinking, as a form of spatial thinking focusing on the scale of the geographical environment, is closely related to family environment and academic achievement in geography. Thus, the study was more specifically to apply a mediation model to explore the potential mediating role of geospatial thinking. Methods: A total of 1,037 upper-secondary-school students in Western China were surveyed using t the Family Capital Questionnaire and the Geospatial Thinking Test Questionnaire. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of geospatial thinking. Results: (1) The correlation analysis showed that family capital has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to geospatial thinking. Moreover, geospatial thinking exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography. (2) The results of mediation analysis indicated that geospatial thinking plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography after controlling for family residence and gender. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 75.32% and 24.68% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that family capital not only affected academic achievement in geography directly but also indirectly through geospatial thinking. This finding provides some ideas for the development of geography education, which suggests that geography educators need to pay more attention to the influence of the family environment on students' geography learning in curriculum design and teaching processes. Also, the mediating role of geospatial thinking further uncovers the mechanisms underlying the academic achievement in geography. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on both students' family capital and geospatial thinking in the process of geography learning, and carry out more geospatial thinking training to improve academic achievement in geography.

The evolution of research on depression during COVID-19: A visual analysis using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to public health problems, including depression. There has been a significant increase in research on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little attention has been paid to the overall trend in this field based on bibliometric analyses. Methods: Co-Occurrence (COOC) and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were utilized to analyze depression in COVID-19 literature in the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS). The overall characteristics of depression during COVID-19 were summarized by analyzing the number of published studies, keywords, institutions, and countries. Results: A total of 9,694 English original research articles and reviews on depression during COVID-19 were included in this study. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the countries with the largest number of publications and had close cooperation with each other. Research institutions in each country were dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The most frequently published author was Ligang Zhang. Visualization analysis showed that influencing factors, adverse effects, and coping strategies were hotspots for research. Conclusion: The results shed light on the burgeoning research on depression during COVID-19, particularly the relationship between depression and public health. In addition, future research on depression during COVID-19 should focus more on special groups and those at potential risk of depression in the general population, use more quantitative and qualitative studies combined with more attention to scale updates, and conduct longitudinal follow-ups of the outcomes of interventions. In conclusion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive view of the development of depression during COVID-19 and suggests a theoretical basis for future research on public health.

The mediating effect of geospatial thinking on the relationship between family capital and sense of place.

Few studies have examined how family capital affects the sense of place, and the effect of spatial thinking on the relationship between the two is unclear. This study constructs a mediation model to examine the impact of family capital on sense of place and the mediation effect of geospatial thinking. A total of 1,004 upper-secondary-school students were surveyed using the Family Capital Questionnaire, the Geospatial Thinking Test, and the Sense of Place Scale. The correlation analysis showed that family capital has a positive effect on both sense of place and geospatial thinking. Moreover, there is also a significant positive correlation between geospatial thinking and sense of place. The results of mediation analysis indicated that geospatial thinking plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between family capital and sense of place after controlling for gender and residential address. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 73.31 and 26.69% of the total effect, respectively. Specifically, family capital is a significant positive predictor of both sense of place and geospatial thinking, and geospatial thinking partially mediates the relationship between family capital and sense of place. Students from better family backgrounds are more likely to have a better geospatial thinking and sense of place, as well as geospatial thinking promotes the development of a sense of place. Therefore, both family capital and geospatial thinking should be considered when we want to examine and develop individuals' level of sense of place.

The Mediating and Buffering Effect of Creativity on the Relationship Between Sense of Place and Academic Achievement in Geography.

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography and used a mediation model to verify the mediating role of creativity in this relationship. Methods: A total of 1,037 upper secondary school students were surveyed using the Sense of Place Scale, the Innovative Behavior Scale, and their geography test scores. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of creativity. Results: (1) The correlation analysis showed that sense of place has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to creativity. Moreover, creativity exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography (2). The results of mediation analysis indicated that creativity plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography after controlling for gender and residential address. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 65.708 and 34.292% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that sense of place affected not only academic achievement in geography directly but also creativity indirectly. This conclusion provides certain ideas for the development of geography curriculums. Since academic achievement in geography is related to both sense of place and creativity, it is necessary to pay more attention to integrating sense of place in geography education and to foster creativity in curriculum development and teaching of geography.

Tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency based on a monolayer graphene metamaterial and its terahertz sensing performance.

In this paper, tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is achieved by using a monolayer graphene metamaterial in the terahertz region, which consists of two graphene strips of different sizes and a graphene ring. As the dual PIT effect is induced by the destructive interference between the two quasi-dark modes and the bright mode, we propose a four-level plasmonic system based on the linearly coupled Lorentzian oscillators to explain the mechanism behind the dual PIT. It is proved that the theoretical results agree well with the simulation results. Most importantly, the sensing properties of the designed device have been investigated in detail and we found that it can exhibit high sensitivities and figure of merit (FOM). Furthermore, the dual PIT windows can be effectively modulated by changing the Fermi energy of the graphene layer and the angle of incidence. Thus, the proposed graphene-based metamaterial can hold wide applications for switches, modulators, and multi-band refractive index sensors in the terahertz region.

Quantitative Determination of Glymphatic Flow Using Spectrophotofluorometry.

Following intrathecal injection of fluorescent tracers, ex vivo imaging of brain vibratome slices has been widely used to study the glymphatic system in the rodent brain. Tracer penetration into the brain is usually quantified by image-processing, even though this approach requires much time and manual operation. Here, we illustrate a simple protocol for the quantitative determination of glymphatic activity using spectrophotofluorometry. At specific time-points following intracisternal or intrastriatal injection of fluorescent tracers, certain brain regions and the spinal cord were harvested and tracers were extracted from the tissue. The intensity of tracers was analyzed spectrophotometrically and their concentrations were quantified from standard curves. Using this approach, the regional and dynamic delivery of subarachnoid CSF tracers into the brain parenchyma was assessed, and the clearance of tracers from the brain was also determined. Furthermore, the impairment of glymphatic influx in the brains of old mice was confirmed using our approach. Our method is more accurate and efficient than the imaging approach in terms of the quantitative determination of glymphatic activity, and this will be useful in preclinical studies.

Hydrogen Concentration Distribution in 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel under the Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging and Its Influence on the Mechanical Properties.

The deterioration of the mechanical properties of metal induced by hydrogen absorption threatens the safety of the equipment serviced in hydrogen environments. In this study, the hydrogen concentration distribution in 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel after hydrogen charging was analyzed following the hydrogen permeation and diffusion model. The diffusible hydrogen content in the 1-mm-thick specimen and its influence on the mechanical properties of the material were investigated by glycerol gas collecting test, static hydrogen charging tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, and microhardness test. The results indicate that the content of diffusible hydrogen tends to be the saturation state when the hydrogen charging time reaches 48 h. The simulation results suggest that the hydrogen concentration distribution can be effectively simulated by ABAQUS and the method can be used to analyze the hydrogen concentration in the material with complex structures or containing multiple microstructures. The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties is that the elongation of this material is reduced and the diffusible hydrogen will cause a decrease in the fracture toughness of the material, and thus hydrogen embrittlement (HE) will occur. Moreover, the Young's modulus E and microhardness are increased due to hydrogen absorption, and the variation value is related to the hydrogen concentration introduced into the specimen.