[Effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage â ¢ and â £ periodontitis].

PURPOSE: To explore the clinical effect of subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) with adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis. METHODS: According to 2018 Classification of Periodontitis, patients diagnosed as stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis were recruited. One week after supragingival scaling, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded as the baseline. All patients were divided into 3 groups, SRP group received whole mouth SRP treatment; PDT1 group: PDT at all sites with PD≥5 mm immediately after SRP; PDT2 group received another PDT at the test sites 6 weeks after full mouth SRP+PDT. PD, GI and the positive rates of BOP were compared 3 months and 6 months after treatment. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Thirty patients and 1 289 test sites were included in this trial. There were 10 patients in group SRP, PDT1 and PDT2, and the number of tests sites were 476, 36.9%, 384, 29.8% and 429 33.3%, respectively. The PD, GI and the positive rates of BOP in the three groups were reduced at 3-months and 6-months of follow-up (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between 3-months and 6-months of follow-up. At the site of PD≥5 mm, group PDT1 and PDT2 could significantly reduce GI and the positive rates of BOP at the test sites(P<0.05). When PD≥7 mm, significant PD reduction was observed in group PDT2(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis, PDT assisted with SRP therapy can achieve better clinical effect than SRP alone.

[Survey of periodontal health in medical college students after 3 years of periodontal health maintenance].

PURPOSE: To observe and evaluate the status of periodontal disease in young people and the effect of intervention to control the development of periodontal diseases. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three medical college students were randomly divided into group A (receiving interventions) and group B (no interventions). They were followed up for 3 years. The subjects in group A received oral health education, including selection of the toothbrush, the right way to brush teeth, the use of dental floss and interdental brush. At the same time ,they were given initial periodontal treatment according to the actual situation, and received oral health education, periodontal maintenance treatment, and reinforced plaque control every six months. The changes of debris index (DI), calculus index (CI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) before and after interventions were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS: Three years later, CI and DI in group A declined significantly compared to the baseline (P<0.01), but there was no significant changes in group B (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the changes of PD, BOP and GI between group A and B (P<0.01). Significant difference of the change of CAL between group A and B was also found(P<0.05), CAL in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. CONCLUSIONS: There are positive effects of regular periodontal health maintenance and oral health education on periodontal health.

[The effect of periodontal initial therapy on chronic periodontitis and subgingival periodontal pathogen].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of periodontal initial therapy on clinical parameters and subgingival periodontal pathogen in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were included. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline and after-initial therapy. P.g and A.a in subgingival plaque were investigated by real-time PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by SAS6.12 software for Student's t test. RESULTS: The PD, AL, PLI and GI were significantly decreased after periodontal initial therapy (P<0.01), and meanwhile the ratio of P.g versus total bacteria was significantly decreased after-initial therapy (P<0.05). However, the change of ratio of A.a versus total bacteria was not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Periodontal initial therapy could effectively control the inflammation of chronic periodontitis, and decrease the ratio of P.g in subgingival plaque.

[Effect of photodynamic therapy on IL-1beta and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis].

PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in infectious disease for its antimicrobial effects. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of a diode laser-based photodynamic therapy on the treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Fifty eight patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into three groups. Group A was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) plus photoactivated disinfection therapy for one time (Periowave(TM): a diode laser with a wavelength of 670nm and 0.01% methylene blue solution). In group B, the patients were treated with SRP followed by photoactivated disinfection, and a second photoactivated disinfection treatment 6 weeks later. Group C was treated with SRP alone. The irradiation time was 60 seconds at a power output of 140mW. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from these three groups of patients were obtained before periodontal treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. GCF was collected using a paper strip, and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the cytokine (IL-1beta and MMP-8) levels. The data were analyzed with SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS: ELISA showed IL-1beta and MMP-8 levels of all groups were decreased significantly at 6-week after treatment compared to pretreatment levels. No significant inter-group differences were noted. At 12-week after treatment, the decreases in IL-1beta levels of group A and B and the decrease in MMP-8 level of group B were significantly higher than group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it appears that SRP and SRP with PDT are all effective for chronic periodontitis, but the effect of SRP with PDT may last longer. PDT therefore appears to be a useful adjunct to SRP for chronic periodontitis therapy. Supported by National "Tenth Five-Year" Key Science and Technology Research Project (Grant No.2004BA72026) and International Cooperation Project (Grant No.051012).

[Detection and significance of IL-1beta and MMP-8 in patients with periodontitis of whole unstimulated saliva].

PURPOSE: To detect the role of IL-1beta and MMP-8 by ELISA in whole unstimulated saliva of patients with different type of periodontitis and to determine whether they are possible specific biomarkers of periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 80 saliva samples were collected from 28 GCP patients, 28 GAgP patients and 24 healthy subjects. The levels of IL-1beta and MMP-8 were respectively measured by ELISA kits. The data were analysed statistically with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean salivary levels of IL-1beta in GCP group,GAgP group and control group were 144.40 pg/ml+/-150.70 pg/ml+/-72.56 pg/ml+/-69.36 pg/ml and 65.96 pg/ml+/-71.18 pg/ml respectively, There was no significance difference between the three groups (P>0.05); GCP and GAgP groups presented significantly elevated salivary levels of MMP-8 than that of the control group, which was (576.89+/-559.24) ng/ml, (420.93+/-533.73)ng/ml and (151.49+/-216.38) ng/ml respectively (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between GCP and GAgP group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Salivary levels of MMP-8 may be a biomarker for diagnosis for periodontitis while IL-1beta needs to be further testified.

[Evaluation of the clinical effects and scanning electron microscopic observation of different kinds of ultrasonic scaler used in subgingival scaling].

PURPOSE: To assess and compare the clinical effects of Odontogain and Prophy Max ultrasonic scaler used in periodontal treatment. METHODS: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were selected using both the Odontogain (group A) and Prophy Max (group B) ultrasonic scaler in a split mouth design. Six teeth of each patient were included in one group. The time used in each instrumentation was collected, and the periodontal indices (BOP,PD,CAL) were recorded before treatment, one month and two months after treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, 10 extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected and divided randomly into A and B group. The root surface of the treated teeth were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The time used in each instrumentation was recorded. SAS6.12 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Each periodontal index of group A and group B had improved significantly one and two months after subgingival scaling (P<0.01). The effect of the treatment of group A was better than group B, but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). For the time used on clinical treatment and extracted teeth , group A was significantly better than group B (P<0.01). It was observed from SEM that the root surfaces of both group A and B were smooth after scaling, and the remaining dental calculus of group A was less. CONCLUSION: The two kinds of ultrasonic scaler could improve the clinical indices in periodontal therapy. Odontogain ultrasonic scaler was more effective.

Stacking ionizable analytes in a sample matrix with high salt by a transient moving chemical reaction boundary method in capillary zone electrophoresis.

The paper presents a novel on-line transient moving chemical reaction boundary method (tMCRBM) for simply but efficiently stacking ionizable analytes in high-salt matrix in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The powerful function and stability of the tMCRBM are elucidated with the ionizable test analytes of L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-tryptophan (Trp) in the matrix with 85.6-165.6 mM sodium ion and further compared with the normal CZE of Phe and Trp samples dissolved in running buffer. The results verify that (1) the on-line tMCRBM mode can evidently increase separation efficiency, peak height, and resolution, (2) with the mode, the analytes in a 28-cm high-salt matrix plug can be stacked successfully and further separated well, (3) the values of relative standard deviation of peak height, peak area, and migrating time range from 3.9% to 6.1%; the results indicate the high stability of the technique of tMCRBM-CZE. The techniques implies obvious potential significance for those ionizable analytes, e.g., protein, peptide, and weak alkaline or acidic compound, in such matrixes as serum, urine, seawater, and wastewater, with high salt, which has a deleterious effect on isotachophoresis (ITP) and especially on electrostacking and field-amplified sample injection (FASI). The mechanism of stacking of zwitterionic analytes in a high-salt matrix by the tMCRBM relies on non-steady-state isoelectric focusing (IEF) but not on transient ITP, electrostacking, and FASI.