90-m/560-Mbps underwater wireless optical communication utilizing subband multiple-mode full permutation CAP combined with an SNR-weighted detector and multi-channel DFE.

In this paper, a joint signal processing scheme including a subband multiple-mode full permutation carrierless amplitude phase modulation (SMMP-CAP), signal-to-noise ratio weighted detector (SNR-WD), and multi-channel decision feedback equalizer (MC-DFE) is proposed to mitigate the bandwidth limitation of a high-speed long-reach underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. Referring to the trellis coded modulation (TCM) subset division strategy, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) mapping set is divided into four 4-QAM mapping subsets by SMMP-CAP scheme. An SNR-WD and an MC-DFE are employed to enhance the demodulation effect of this system in a fading channel. In a laboratory experiment, the minimal required received optical powers (ROPs) for data rates of 480 Mbps, 600 Mbps, and 720 Mbps, at hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.80 × 10-3, are -32.7 dBm, -31.3 dBm, and -25.5 dBm, respectively. Moreover, the proposed system successfully achieves a data rate of 560 Mbps in a swimming pool with a transmission distance up to 90 m and a total attenuation measured to be 54.64 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate a high-speed, long-distance UWOC system by employing an SMMP-CAP scheme.

Partially pruned DNN coupled with parallel Monte-Carlo algorithm for path loss prediction in underwater wireless optical channels.

In this paper, we propose a new approach to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and determine the path loss for line-of-sight (LOS) propagation with laser diode sources in underwater wireless optical channels, which severely suffers from attenuation due to inevitable absorption and scattering. The scheme is based on an effective combination of Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation employed for dataset generation and a partially pruned deep neural network (PPDNN) utilized to predict the received optical power. First, a parallel MC algorithm is newly introduced and applied to speed up the dataset-generation process. Compared with the conventional single-step MC, the dataset-generation time of the parallel MC can be reduced by at least 95%. Meanwhile, a deep neural network (DNN) is partially pruned to acquire a compact structure and adopted to predict the path loss in three typical water types. The simulation results yield that the mean square errors (MSEs) between the predictive and the reference ones are all lower than 0.2, while the sparsity of the original DNN's weights can be appropriately increased to 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 for clear water, coastal water, and harbor water, respectively. Finally, the occupied storage space of the original DNN can be dramatically compressed by at least 40% with a small performance penalty. In view of this, the received optical power under certain parameters could be instantly obtained by employing the proposed PPDNN, which can effectively help design underwater wireless optical communication systems in future work.

Blue-laser-diode-based high CRI lighting and high-speed visible light communication using narrowband green-/red-emitting composite phosphor film.

We experimentally demonstrate high-speed visible light communication (VLC) and high-quality solid-state lighting (SSL) using polymethyl-methacrylate-doped phosphor film based on cesium lead bromide quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) and potassium fluorosilicate K2SiF6:Mn4+, which is excited by a blue gallium nitride laser diode. A 1.6 Gbps data rate is achieved by employing a non-return-to-zero on-off keying modulation scheme. The measured bit error rate of 2.7×10-3 adheres to the standard threshold (3.8×10-3) of forward error correction. Moreover, the generated white-light source has a high color rendering index of 93.8 and a correlated color temperature of 4435 K, and it exhibits a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinate at (0.3556, 0.3520), which is close to the ideal CIE value of white light (0.3333, 0.3333). This work opens up exciting possibilities for future high-speed indoor VLC and high-quality SSL.

Mismatch repair-deficient status associates with favorable prognosis of Eastern Chinese population with sporadic colorectal cancer.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression level of DNA mismatch repair gene (MMR) in in sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) in eastern China, and to investigate the association between MMR status and prognosis of patients with SCRC. Patient archives from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Weihai Municipal Hospital (Weihai, China) were retrospectively collected between January 2011 and January 2012. Of the 221 consecutive patients identified, 192 patients who met the criterion were deemed eligible for inclusion. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect the expression of MMR proteins MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), MSH6 and PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component (PMS2) expression and mutation in sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC). Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests were performed to conduct survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors. The total rate of deficient MMR (dMMR) was 14.58% (28/192): MSH6, 0.52% (1/192); PMS2, 4.17% (8/192); MSH2/MSH6, 3.65% (7/192); and MLH1/PMS2, 6.25% (12/192). The dMMR group had a significantly longer overall survival time compared with proficient MMR (pMMR) group (P=0.017). Disease-free survival time of dMMR group was also longer than pMMR group (P=0.027). Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model confirmed that MMR status was an independent prognostic factor for SCRC. Loss of MMR expression was indicative of a favorable outcome for patients with SCRC, and MMR status could be viewed as an independent prognostic factor.

MiR-382 targets GOLM1 to inhibit metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its down-regulation predicts a poor survival.

Accumulating evidences have illuminated that an amount of microRNAs are involved in human diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that the expression of miR-382 in HCC tissues was down-regulated compared with the non-cancerous tissues. Over-expression of miR-382 could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic algorithms and luciferase reporter assays suggested that Golgi Membrane Protein 1 (GOLM1) was a direct target of miR-382. Interestingly, we found the down-regulation of GOLM1 in HCC cells could rescue these cells from miR-382-mediated suppression of migration and invasion. Our findings might demonstrate that miR-382 inhibited the metastasis of HCC by targeting GOLM1. Furthermore, cox proportional hazards analyses suggested that low expression of miR-382 was an independent prognostic factor for the HCC patients. In conclusion, our results highlighted that miR-382, a novel prognostic factor, target GOLM1 to inhibit metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.