Fin type and flutter technique: a study to optimise the oxygen consumption in divers.

The purpose of this research was to assess the variability of the oxygen consumption (VO2) depending on fin type and the flutter technique used for the different divers' profile. Twenty-three SCUBA divers took part in four 2.5 hour sessions to evaluate a total of six fin models and two flutter techniques. The flutter routines lasted 30 minutes per fin and per technique. Measurements of VO2 significantly decreased on Jet (20.42 ml*min-1*kg-1) and XShot fin (20.87 ml*min-1*kg-1) compared to Twin Jet fin (22.81 ml, p < 0.05). In addition, the VO2 was in all cases higher in certified divers than in professional divers (23.87 and 19.00 ml*min-1*kg-1, p = 0.00). These differences were significant between divers' profile and flutter technique (p < 0.05). Similarly, measurements of VO2 were higher in frog kick technique than crawl kick technique (22.97 ml*min-1*kg-1 and 19.96 ml*min-1*kg-1, p = 0.00). These differences were significant between fin type and flutter technique in all fins (p = 0.03). Practitioner summary: This study investigated the impact of fin type, flutter technique and divers' profile on VO2 during diving. Results of this research suggest that combination a diving different factors significantly impacts the divers' VO2, thus providing new perspective for election of fin type and flutter technique according to the divers' profile.

Effects of exercise programs on kyphosis and lordosis angle: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Many authors are interested in the effects that a specific exercise program could have on sagittal spinal curvatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different exercise programs on thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordotic angle. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guideline and it was registered at PROSPERO. Five electronic databases (Pub Med, Cochrane, WOS, PEDro and EBSCO) were searched up to 31 July 2018. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that applied an exercise intervention and measured a kyphosis and/or lordotic angle. Study quality was performance by PEDro score. Risk of bias was assessed using the SIGN 50 checklist for randomized controlled trials. External validity was assessed using the EVAT. Ten randomized controlled trials were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis with a random effect model was performed to infer the pooled estimated standardized mean difference. All studies were RCTs and they involved a total of 284 cases and 255 controls. Seven studies measured kyphosis angle. A large significant effect of the exercise on kyphosis was identified (SMD = -1.400 (95% CI-2.150 a -0.660), p = 0.000). Four studies assessed lordotic angle and moderate but not significant improvement was shown (SMD = -0.530 (95% CI-1.760 a -0.700), p = 0.401). The results suggest that exercise programs may have a positive effect on thoracic kyphosis angle, but no clear effect on lordotic angle. This systematic review suggests that strengthening rather than stretching could be more relevant for kyphosis and both qualities are important for lordosis. It is necessary to conduct more randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of strengthening and/or stretching program on kyphosis and lordotic angle and to establish the type of the exercise that is better for maintaining the sagittal disposition within normal ranges.

Incidencia de los juegos deportivos de oposición sobre los estados de ánimo en universitarios / Impact of competitive sports games on the mood state of university students / Incidência de jogos de esportes da oposição sobre o estado de humor de estudantes universitários

Este estudio pretende identificar la intensidad de los estados de ánimo durante la práctica de juegos deportivos de oposición y comprobar la relación existente con el historial deportivo de los participantes. Participaron 147 estudiantes universitarios los cuales cumplimentaron el cuestionario POMS (Profile of Mood State). Los resultados indican como las dimensiones tensión y vigor se vivieron con mayor intensidad en los juegos, mientras que depresión y rabia menores. Contar con experiencia deportiva fue determinante. Los jugadores con historial deportivo puntuaron más para la dimensión vigor. Los resultados permiten orientar las intervenciones de futuros profesionales gracias a las experiencias prácticas vivenciadas dentro del ámbito educativo y deportivo

This study intends to identify the intensity of mood states whilst playing competitive sports games and verify the existing relationship with the participants’ sporting record. 147 college students took part in the research, who completed the POMS (Profile of Mood State) questionnaire. Analysis showed that the tension and vigour dimensions were experienced with greater intensity in sports games, while the depression and anger dimensions decreased in intensity. Having experience playing sports was an important factor, showing that players with a record of playing sports scored higher levels in the vigour dimension. The results help to guide interventions by future professionals due to practical experience gained in the field of education and sports

Os objetivos deste estudo são identificar a intensidade de Estados de humor para a prática de jogos de esportes de oposição e verificar arelação existente com rastreamento de esporte dos participantes. Partiparam um total de 147 estudantes universitários que completaram o questionárioPOMS (Perfil do Estado de Humor) adaptado para o espanhol por Balaguer, Fuentes, Meliá e García-Merita (1993). Os resultados indicam que odimensões de vigor e tensão eram experientes com maior intensidade nos jogos de esportes, durante a depressão e raiva dimensões diminuíram deintensidade. A presença de experiência anterior de esportes foi um fator importante, mostrando os jogadores com os jogadores registro de rastreamentoesporte níveis mais elevados para a dimensão de vigor. Resultados ajudam a orientar futuras intervenções por profissionais devido a experiência práticaexperiente no educativo e o campo de esporte