Response of Teff ((Eragrostis tef (zucc.) Trotter) to nitrogen and phosphorus applications on different landscapes in eastern Amhara.

The dynamic nature of soil fertility status across different landscapes attracted research attention in Ethiopia and the globe. Teff [Eragrotis tef] is a major staple cereal crop in Ethiopia but yields are low due to inadequate nutrient supply and other constraints. A field study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the Habru district of Amhara Region to determine teff yield response to fertilizer-N and -P at hillslope, midslope, and footslope positions with slopes of >15%, 5-15%, and 0-5%, respectively. N and P fertilizer rates were factorially combined in randomized complete block design with three replications in each farmer's field. A linear mixed modeling framework was used to determine effects on grain yield due to N rate, P rate, slope, study sites, and years. Model fit was examined using Akaike's Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion. Economic analysis was done with a quadratic response function to determine the economics of fertilizer. Yield response to fertilizer-P was affected by slope but the response to fertilizer-N was not affected. Teff yield increase with fertilizer-N application up to 92 kg ha-1 the economic optimum rate based on the yield response function for nitrogen fertilizer was 85.4 kg ha-1 to obtain maximum profit (86878.8 birr ha-1). Similarly, the optimum phosphorus fertilizer rate at the hill slope was 39.7 kg ha-1 to obtain a maximum profit of (96847.8 birr ha-1). But there was not a profitable response at the midslope and foot slope positions. Therefore, for Habru district and similar agroecologies85.4 kg ha-1 N and 39.7 kg ha-1 P in hillslopes and only 85.4 N kg ha-1 for midslopes and foot slopes are expected to give the most profitable returns to fertilizer applied for tef production.

Magnitude of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Western Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The goal of this research was to determine the extent of pelvic floor dysfunction and the factors that contribute to it. The study design was community-focused and cross-sectional, and participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique. For data entry and cleansing, we used EPI data version 3.1 software, and for analysis, we used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. The 95% confidence interval was predicted, and the factor with a significant level less than 0.05 was chosen for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall Magnitude of pelvic floor dysfunction was 37.7% [(95% confidence interval (31.7-42.5)]. The most common type of pelvic floor dysfunction is overactive bladder, which was reported by 135 of all participants. Pelvic organ prolapse accounted for 92 (30.4%) of all cases, and 4 factors were found to be significantly associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. In this study, age 55 years [(AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: (1.52-6.42)], heavy labor work for more than 10 years [(AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: (1.86-5.72) grand-multipara, and being menopause [(AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: (2.20-8.27)] were linked to symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. The magnitude of pelvic floor dysfunction in this study was slightly higher than in Ethiopian studies. Pelvic floor dysfunction has been linked to heavy load lifting, low socioeconomic status, recurrent vaginal deliveries, chronic cough, and menopause. Screening and treatment of pelvic floor disorders should be prioritized in collaboration with regional and zonal health departments.

Congenital Anomalies and Associated Factors among Newborns in Bishoftu General Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Congenital anomalies affect millions of babies worldwide with prevalence of 3%, and it is estimated that, globally, 303,000 newborns die within the first 4 weeks of life due to this problem. Objective: This study aimed to assess congenital anomalies and their associated factors among newborns in Bishoftu General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Setting. Bishoftu General Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia. Study Design . A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed. Participants. All birth records from September 14, 2018, to March 14, 2019, were reviewed. A census method was applied for this study. The data were collected from birth registration books through structured checklist. We used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for data analysis. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Result: Out of 2,218 live births, 23 newborns were diagnosed with congenital malformations, making the prevalence rate of 1% (i.e., 10/1000 live births in the specified time period). Maternal age above 35 years (AOR = 6.5; 95% CI = 2.4-18), birth order above 3 (AOR = 8.4; 95% CI = 3.4-20.7), birth weight less than 2.5 kg (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.9), and singleton pregnancy (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI = 2-18.9) had a significant association with the incident of congenital anomalies, while iron folate use before and/or during early pregnancy and urban residence (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-1) had a protective effect against congenital anomalies (AOR = 0.036; 95% CI = 0.008-0.15). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there is a burden of congenital anomalies in the study area. Sustainable surveillance and registry systems are thus required for intervention programs and it is crucial to include them under Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) report.