RESUMO
Predictions of the Earth system, such as weather forecasts and climate projections, require models informed by observations at many levels. Some methods for integrating models and observations are very systematic and comprehensive (e.g., data assimilation), and some are single purpose and customized (e.g., for model validation). We review current methods and best practices for integrating models and observations. We highlight how future developments can enable advanced heterogeneous observation networks and models to improve predictions of the Earth system (including atmosphere, land surface, oceans, cryosphere, and chemistry) across scales from weather to climate. As the community pushes to develop the next generation of models and data systems, there is a need to take a more holistic, integrated, and coordinated approach to models, observations, and their uncertainties to maximize the benefit for Earth system prediction and impacts on society.
RESUMO
(Beginning of WHAT, WHEN, WHERE Summary Box:) What: The work-shop gathered almost 50 scientists from Europe and the United States to discuss the progress towards developing electromagnetic scattering databases for ice and snow particles in the microwave region, their applications, the physical approximations used to compute these scattering properties, and how remote sensing and in situ observations can be used to validate scattering datasets. One of the main priorities of the workshop was to foster communication between users and developers of scattering databases, and to define standards and conventions for scattering data structures and variables. When: 28-30 June 2017. Where: Cologne, Germany (END of what, when, where summary box).
