[Carbon dioxide stunning for the slaughter of turkeys]. / CO2-Betäubung zur Schlachtung von Puten.

In an experimental study on stunning of 460 turkeys in a CO2 enriched atmosphere (60-70% CO2 in air), as a more animal protecting and more economic alternative to conventional electrical stunning, the following results are obtained: all animals show respiratory arrest within 100 seconds. After being dipped in a CO2 enriched atmosphere for a few seconds the turkeys show head shaking and forced respiration which has to be considered as a strain the animals are conscious of. The meat hygienic results after CO2 stunning are much better than after electrical stunning.

[The contamination of food trout and carp from Bavarian fish farms with radiocesium (Cs-137 + 134) 1986 to 1989 as the result of the nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl]. / Die Belastung von Speiseforellen und -karpfen bayerischer Teichwirtschaften mit Radiocäsium (Cs-137 + 134) 1986 bis 1989 als Folge des Kernkraftwerkunfalls von Tschernobyl.

After the nuclear power station accident of Chernobyl at 26. 4. 86 Southern Bavaria was contaminated with radionuclides as J-131, Cs-137 and Cs-134. After three months only the Cesium nuclides had bearing on food, accordingly for fish. The accumulation of total Cesium (137 + 134) in the muscle of trout and carp had reached levels of 30 and 80 Bq/kg on an average and levels for 300 and about 800 Bq/kg were determined as maximum. The more naturally fed carps had have in the first two years a higher accumulation than the trout. Then the accumulation was equally on a low level near zero.

Number and distribution of bacteria on some beef carcasses at selected abattoirs in some member states of the European communities.

In seven member countries of the European Communities, three abattoirs were visited on three occasions in each of two surveys and at each visit ten beef carcasses were sampled, before chilling, at defined sites on the neck, brisket, forerib and medially on the round. In Survey I, samples were plated for total viable count (TVC) at 30° (ISO 2293) and Enterobacteriaceae at 37° (ISO 5552); in Survey II only TVCs were made. This paper is confined to analyses of the TVCs in the two surveys. Data from each country were analysed separately as sampling methodology may not have been sufficiently reproducible by different workers to allow between-countries comparison. Variations among visits to particular abattoirs and abattoir × site interactions made comparisons among abattoirs invalid within five of the seven countries. To effectively monitor differences between abattoirs within most countries it would be necessary to make more than three visits to each abattoir. Despite abattoir × site interactions in three countries in Survey I and four countries in Survey II, comparisons between sites were generally valid because of the consistent high contamination of the brisket. In the remainder of countries the abattoir × site interaction was too large to allow valid comparisons between sites. It is recommended that at least three or four sites are sampled in future surveys as only one site per carcass would underestimate the number of more heavily contaminated carcasses.