RESUMO
Pain management for critically ill patients provides physicians with the challenge of maximizing patient comfort while avoiding the risks that arise with oversedation. Preventing oversedation has become increasingly important as we better understand the negative impact it has on patients' experiences and outcomes. Current research suggests that oversedation can result in complications such as thromboembolism, pulmonary compromise, immunosuppression and delirium. Fortunately, the analgesic options available for physicians to limit these complications are growing as more treatment modalities are being researched and implemented in the intensive care unit. Our goal is to outline some of the effective and widely utilized tools available to physicians to appropriately and safely manage pain while avoiding oversedation in the critically ill population.
Assuntos
Terapia Combinada/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Estado Terminal/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos/uso terapêutico , HumanosRESUMO
Neobladder substitution after radical cystectomy for invasive cancer has become commonplace as it preserves normal volitional voiding through the native urethra and avoids urinary diversion. Neobladder-vaginal fistula (NVF) is a rare postoperative complication of this procedure that results in decreased quality of life. We describe a case of vaginal repair of a NVF and present a review of the literature.
Assuntos
Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Coletores de Urina , Fístula Vaginal/cirurgia , Cistectomia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Robótica , Cateterismo UrinárioRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the impact of embryonic stem cell culture medium (ESCM) on the pre- and post-implantation development of the mouse embryo, as a mammalian model, in comparison with the conventional culture medium, a potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM). METHODS: Development in ESCM versus KSOM was compared in terms of embryo morphology, cleavage, cavitation, hatching, cell number, expression of TE and ICM transcription factors (Cdx2 and Oct4, respectively), implantation, and development in utero. RESULTS: An enriched medium like ESCM can be beneficial for in vitro embryo development when cultured from the 8-cell stage, as evidenced by promotion of blastocyst development with respect to cavity expansion, hatching, and cell division. Such benefits were not observed when embryos were cultured from the 2-cell stage. CONCLUSIONS: ESCM may augment in vitro embryo development from the 8-cell stage. Using different culture media at different stages may be beneficial to achieve more effective human in vitro fertilization.