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1.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 163(1-2): 8-15, 2015 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25467886

RESUMO

Deficiency in immunoglobulin G (IgG) is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections in humans and animals, and changes in IgG levels occur in many disease states. In companion animals, failure of transfer of passive immunity is uncommonly diagnosed but mortality rates in puppies are high and more than 30% of these deaths are secondary to septicemia. Currently, radial immunodiffusion (RID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are the most commonly used methods for quantitative measurement of IgG in dogs. In this study, a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assay for canine serum IgG was developed and compared to the RID assay as the reference standard. Basic signalment data and health status of the dogs were also analyzed to determine if they correlated with serum IgG concentrations based on RID results. Serum samples were collected from 207 dogs during routine hematological evaluation, and IgG concentrations determined by RID. The FTIR assay was developed using partial least squares regression analysis and its performance evaluated using RID assay as the reference test. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.91 for the calibration model data set and 0.85 for the prediction set. A Bland-Altman plot showed a mean difference of -89 mg/dL and no systematic bias. The modified mean coefficient of variation (CV) for RID was 6.67%, and for FTIR was 18.76%. The mean serum IgG concentration using RID was 1943 ± 880 mg/dL based on the 193 dogs with complete signalment and health data. When age class, gender, breed size and disease status were analyzed by multivariable ANOVA, dogs < 2 years of age (p = 0.0004) and those classified as diseased (p = 0.03) were found to have significantly lower IgG concentrations than older and healthy dogs, respectively.


Assuntos
Cães/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Animais , Calibragem , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães/imunologia , Feminino , Imunização Passiva/veterinária , Imunodifusão/veterinária , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
2.
Vet Pathol ; 42(2): 147-60, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15753468

RESUMO

Phenobarbital (PB) therapy is frequently associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities in dogs without clinical signs of liver disease. The goal of this study was to determine if increased serum ALT and AP activities in clinically healthy PB-treated epileptic dogs are due to hepatic enzyme induction or to subclinical liver injury. Liver biopsies were obtained from 12 PB-treated dogs without clinical signs of liver disease but with elevated serum ALT and/or AP activities or both. Liver biopsies were obtained from eight healthy control dogs not receiving PB. Biopsies were evaluated histopathologically (all dogs) and liver homogenates were assayed for ALT (all dogs) and AP (six treated dogs, all controls) activities. As a positive control, liver cytochrome P4502B, an enzyme known to be induced by PB, was measured by benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity and immunoblotting (five treated dogs, all controls). Serum AP isoenzyme analyses were performed. Results showed that ALT and AP activities in liver homogenates were not increased in treated dogs compared with controls, whereas the positive control for induction, CYP2B, was dramatically increased in treated dogs. Histopathological examination of liver biopsies revealed more severe and frequent abnormalities in treated dogs compared to controls, but similar types of abnormalities were found in both groups. Serum AP isoenzyme analyses in treated dogs demonstrated increased corticosteroid-induced and liver isoenzyme activities compared to controls. Results do not support induction of ALT or AP in the liver as the cause of elevated serum activities of these enzymes due to PB.


Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/enzimologia , Cães , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias/patologia , Hepatopatias/veterinária , Masculino , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico
3.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 23(4): 243-9, 2000 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11126325

RESUMO

A multicentric prospective study was conducted to monitor the effect of phenobarbital on serum total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in epileptic dogs. Serum T4 concentrations were determined for 22 epileptic dogs prior to initiation of phenobarbital therapy (time 0), and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital. Median T4 concentration was significantly lower at 3 weeks and 6 months compared to time 0. Thirty-two percent of dogs had T4 concentrations below the reference range at 6 and 12 months. Nineteen of the 22 dogs had serum TSH concentrations determined at all sampling times. A significant upward trend in median TSH concentration was found. No associations were found between T4 concentration, dose of phenobarbital, or serum phenobarbital concentration. No signs of overt hypothyroidism were evident in dogs with low T4, with one exception. TSH stimulation tests were performed on six of seven dogs with low T4 concentrations at 12 months, and all but one had normal responses. In conclusion, phenobarbital therapy decreased serum T4 concentration but did not appear to cause clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Serum TSH concentrations and TSH stimulation tests suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is functioning appropriately.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/farmacologia , Tireotropina/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiroxina/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Cães , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue
4.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 215(4): 489-96, 1999 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10461631

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether phenobarbital treatment of epileptic dogs alters serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 78 epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital (group 1) and 48 untreated epileptic dogs (group 2). PROCEDURE: Serum biochemical analyses, including T4 and TSH concentrations, were performed for all dogs. Additional in vitro analyses were performed on serum from healthy dogs to determine whether phenobarbital in serum interferes with T4 assays or alters free T4 (fT4) concentrations. RESULTS: Mean serum T4 concentration was significantly lower, and mean serum TSH concentration significantly higher, in dogs in group 1, compared with those in group 2. Thirty-one (40%) dogs in group 1 had serum T4 concentrations less than the reference range, compared with 4 (8%) dogs in group 2. All dogs in group 2 with low serum T4 concentrations had recently had seizure activity. Five (7%) dogs in group 1, but none of the dogs in group 2, had serum TSH concentrations greater than the reference range. Associations were not detected between serum T4 concentration and TSH concentration, age, phenobarbital dosage, duration of treatment, serum phenobarbital concentration, or degree of seizure control. Signs of overt hypothyroidism were not evident in dogs with low T4 concentrations. Addition of phenobarbital in vitro to serum did not affect determination of T4 concentration and only minimally affected fT4 concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for phenobarbital treatment to decrease serum T4 and increase TSH concentrations and should use caution when interpreting results of thyroid tests in dogs receiving phenobarbital.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Cães , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Masculino , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Convulsões/veterinária , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue
5.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 29(4): 989-1001, 1999 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10390797

RESUMO

Failure to grow in pups and kittens can be the result of many factors. Dietary, metabolic, endocrine, parasitic, neoplastic, and genetic diseases may be responsible for a failure to thrive alone or in concert with other disorders. A complete history, physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis are the initial steps to define the underlying disorder(s). Subsequent tests may be needed based on these initial diagnostic results.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Insuficiência de Crescimento/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Gatos , Cães , Insuficiência de Crescimento/diagnóstico , Insuficiência de Crescimento/etiologia
6.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 202(11): 1867-8, 1993 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8320157

RESUMO

Hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract of a young dog resulted in melena with concurrent anemia. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the hemorrhage originated from an arteriovenous fistula in the jejunum. Resection of the abnormal part of the jejunum was curative. The arteriovenous fistula in the dog was probably congenital in origin, but may have been the result of gastrointestinal tract trauma.


Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Jejuno/irrigação sanguínea , Melena/veterinária , Anastomose Cirúrgica/veterinária , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia/veterinária , Animais , Fístula Arteriovenosa/complicações , Fístula Arteriovenosa/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Jejuno/patologia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Melena/etiologia , Mesentério/irrigação sanguínea , Mesentério/cirurgia
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