The phenomenon of spontaneous tumor regression in breast cancer.

Spontaneous tumor regression is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon of partial or complete disappearance of primary tumor tissue or associated metastases in the absence of therapeutic intervention. Cases of spontaneous regression have been established in malignant tumors, such as testicular germ cell tumor, renal cell cancer, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, as well as metastases. Breast cancer has increasingly been reported to have a higher rate of spontaneous regression than previously thought. Immunologic response is cited as the forefront of spontaneous regression phenomenon, with the focus on immunologic cell death. This report brings awareness to a case of spontaneous regression observed in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and how disruption of the tumor microenvironment can take a variable course even in malignant disease.

An unusual case of B-cell lymphoma of the scalp.

B-cell lymphoma is a lymphoproliferative non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising from B cells, a type of immune lymphocytes that produces antibodies in the follicles of lymph nodes. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL), a subtype of B cell lymphoma, originates within cutaneous tissue without evidence of extracutaneous involvement. There are very few reports of PCBCLs originating in the scalp. The most common tumors of the scalp are usually benign with only 1%-2% being malignant, most being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma. Primary cutaneous follicular cell lymphoma (PCFCL) is regarded as the most common lymphoma of the skin with an indolent course and favorable prognosis due to the response rate to treatment methods such as surgical removal with local radiotherapy, topical drugs, and intralesional therapies. This report highlights a rare case of PCFCL originating in the scalp, to raise awareness of a topic that requires continued established management.

Recurrence of digital papillary invasive adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma is extremely uncommon in the digits with an incidence of 0.08 per 1 000 000 people per year, known as digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA). This disease is commonly described pathologically as malignancy of the sweat glands. The fundamental histologic characteristics of DPA are the presence of papillary projections in cystic spaces in a multinodular tumor lined by epithelial cells. DPA are often delayed in diagnosis because of either misdiagnosis for benign lesions or underreporting, which can contribute to poor prognosis and metastasis. This report serves to present a case of recurrence observed in primary digital adenocarcinoma and to bring awareness to the topic as concrete management continues to develop.

Intraductal papilloma arising in ectopic breast tissue within the axillary region.

Intraductal papilloma arising within breast tissue is relatively a common pathology. However, it is rare to find a papilloma within ectopic breast tissue. To our understanding there have been only a few reports of this. Here, we present a rare case of extranodal Intraductal papilloma within axillary ectopic breast tissue.

Glomus tumor mimicking digital adenocarcinoma.

Glomus tumors are uncommon, benign lesions commonly located on the digits of the hands and are diagnostically challenging. This is because hemangiomas or ganglion cysts are more commonly identified in those locations. Our case report underlines the diagnostic challenge of a glomus tumor and the importance of immunohistochemical staining.

Supraclavicular metastasis from prostate cancer: unusual case and literature review.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, with the most common metastatic sites in bone, regional lymph nodes, liver and thorax. It is most commonly diagnosed in the early stages with clinical findings of enlarged prostate on digital rectal exam and positive prostate specific antigen. Distant metastases associated with prostate cancer commonly occur to bone. It is imperative to be cautious in assuming primary breast, lung or head and neck malignancy in patients presenting with lymphadenopathy in the upper aerodigestive pathways. Cervical lymphadenopathy due to prostate cancer is becoming more prevalent since previously reported. Here we present a case of prostate cancer recurrence found through metastasis to supraclavicular lymph nodes and we also highlight homeobox protein CDX2 as a potential clinico-pathological marker in metastatic prostate cancer.

Sarcomatoid mesothelioma: unusual findings and literature review.

Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is an aggressive disease secondary to its propensity to undergo rapid growth, show inconsistent expression of tumor markers and invade surrounding tissues. Therefore, there are numerous obstacles that clinical researchers face as they look for new methods to diagnose and treat the malignancy. We present a case of sarcomatoid mesothelioma, originally thought to be metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

A Devastatingly "Minor" Relationship Between Male Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer.

Certain cancers pave way for other primary cancers to emerge with genetic disturbances serving as a common denominator as demonstrated by our male patient who developed prostate cancer within three months of being diagnosed with breast cancer despite being negative for the major genetic mutations, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and having a negative family history for cancers. Here we examine overlapping major and minor contributing risk factors and the limitations of the most current screening guidelines.