Assuntos
Melanose/tratamento farmacológico , Queimadura Solar/prevenção & controle , Protetores Solares/administração & dosagem , Aprovação de Drogas , Rotulagem de Medicamentos/normas , Humanos , Melanose/imunologia , Melanose/patologia , Propiofenonas/administração & dosagem , Propiofenonas/química , Propiofenonas/normas , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Fator de Proteção Solar/normas , Queimadura Solar/etiologia , Queimadura Solar/patologia , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Protetores Solares/química , Protetores Solares/normas , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/normasRESUMO
There are a multitude of uses for BoNT in the aesthetic realm. Efficacy has been shown in softening glabellar creases, crows feet, forehead rhytides, and in correcting facial asymmetries, including mild eyelid ptosis. Facial shape can be altered through injections of BoNT into masseter, and smiles can be altered with BoNT. Clinical examples of the above will be shown, as well as adverse outcomes with inaccurate injection techniques.
Assuntos
Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapêutico , Técnicas Cosméticas , Blefaroptose/tratamento farmacológico , Estética , Face , Assimetria Facial/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Various scoring techniques prone to subjective interpretation have been used to evaluate soft tissue augmentation of nasolabial folds (NLFs). OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a reliable wrinkle assessment scoring scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six photographed wrinkles of varying severity were electronically copied onto the same facial image to become a 6-point grading scale (GGS). A pilot training program (13 investigators) determined reliability, and a 12-week multicenter survey study validated the GGS scoring method. RESULTS: Pilot study inter- and intrarater scoring reliability were high (weighted kappa scores of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively). Seventy-five percent of survey investigators and independent review panel (IRP) members considered a GGS score difference of 0.5 to be a minimally perceivable difference. Interrater weighted kappa scores were 0.91 for the IRP and 0.80 for investigators. Intrarater agreements after repeat testing were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The baseline "live" assessment GGS mean score was 3.34, and the baseline blinded photographic assessment GGS mean score was 2.00 for the IRP and 2.16 for the investigators. CONCLUSIONS: The GGS is a reproducible method of grading the severity of NLF wrinkles. Treatment effectiveness of a dermal filler can be reliably evaluated using the GGS by comparing "live" assessments with the standard GGS photographic panel.
Assuntos
Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Próteses e Implantes , Ritidoplastia/classificação , Envelhecimento da Pele , Cirurgia Plástica/educação , Adulto , Face , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ritidoplastia/educação , Ritidoplastia/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Periorbital hyperpigmentation is a generally benign, extremely common condition that is notoriously resistant to treatment. According to the author, the key to successful treatment is determining the primary cause and complying with maintenance and preventive regimens. A multimodal approach may be required, encompassing topical bleaching agents, chemical peels, laser therapy, and/or surgery.
