Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Animals (Basel) ; 14(2)2024 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38254410

RESUMO

The Polichete worms of the genus Polydora are considered very destructive for oysters, excavating channels in their shell and inducing oysters to create mud blisters in response to the irritation, interfering with their physiology and ethology. The parasite also causes important economic damage for oyster farmers, as products with a high degree of infestation cannot be commercialized. The present study aims to evaluate whether two non-invasive advanced diagnostic techniques, computed tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are suitable to show the alterations induced by this parasite on live Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis oyster broodstocks. A CT scan is also able to identify small lesions in the shell during the first stage of infection. MRI allows for the visualization of the advanced status of the lesions when blisters occupy the inner surface of the shell and can impact the health status and the economic value of the mollusk. Both techniques resulted in satisfactory spatial resolution, and no motion artifacts were reported, thus enabling the authors to faithfully visualize in vivo the damage caused by the parasite.

2.
J Gen Virol ; 99(5): 693-703, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29580370

RESUMO

The surveillance activities for abnormal bivalve mortality events in Italy include the diagnosis of ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) in symptomatic oysters. OsHV-1-positive oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were used as a source for in vivo virus propagation and a virus-rich sample was selected to perform shotgun sequencing based on Illumina technology. Starting from this unpurified supernatant sample from gills and mantle, we generated 3.5 million reads (2×300 bp) and de novo assembled the whole genome of an Italian OsHV-1 microvariant (OsHV-1-PT). The OsHV-1-PT genome encodes 125 putative ORFs, 7 of which had not previously been predicted in other sequenced Malacoherpesviridae. Overall, OsHV-1-PT displays typical microvariant OsHV-1 genome features, while few polymorphisms (0.08 %) determine its uniqueness. As little is known about the genetic determinants of OsHV-1 virulence, comparing complete OsHV-1 genomes supports a better understanding of the virus pathogenicity and provides new insights into virus-host interactions.


Assuntos
Crassostrea/virologia , Vírus de DNA/classificação , Genoma Viral , Animais , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de DNA/patogenicidade , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Itália , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético
3.
Food Funct ; 6(2): 394-400, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25474041

RESUMO

Vitamin E and polyphenols could exhibit a therapeutic role in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents an important issue to be explored by different diet combinations. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of α-tocopherol to support epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin and rutin to cross the BBB, following oral administration. Eighteen rats were fed a standard diet (C), a diet supplemented with α-tocopherol (A), with a mixture of EGCG, quercetin and rutin (P); or with a mixture of α-tocopherol and the three flavonoids (AP). Flavonoids and their conjugated derivatives were assayed in brain and plasma by HPLC-MS, whereas α-tocopherol was detected by RP-HPLC. The oxidative damage, due to the potential pro-oxidant activity of flavonoids, was evaluated by the presence of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hippocampal Cornus Ammonis, one of the most vulnerable sites in the brain. Our results indicate that α-tocopherol is able to promote quercetin transport across the BBB. The mixture of rutin and quercetin seems to favour the accumulation of quercetin and/or its conjugated derivatives in the brain. In contrast, α-tocopherol does not affect EGCG transport across the BBB. The densitometric analysis of 8-OHdG immunoreactivity does not reveal any difference of oxidative damage among the experimental groups. Our results suggest that α-tocopherol may promote quercetin transport across the BBB, leading to a significant increase of α-tocopherol and quercetin concentration in the brain.


Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiologia , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/administração & dosagem , Rutina/administração & dosagem , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagem , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Catequina/administração & dosagem , Catequina/farmacocinética , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/química , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Rutina/farmacocinética , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacocinética
4.
Food Chem ; 141(1): 297-303, 2013 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23768361

RESUMO

The consumption of brassica sprouts as raw vegetables provides a fair amount of glucosinolates (GLs) and active plant myrosinase, which enables the breakdown of GLs into health-promoting isothiocyanates (ITCs). This study reports the determination of the main constituents related to human health found in edible sprouts of two Brassica oleracea varieties, broccoli and Tuscan black kale, and two Raphanus sativus varieties, Daikon and Sango. Radish sprouts exhibited the highest ability to produce ITCs, with Daikon showing the greatest level of conversion of GLs into bioactive ITCs (96.5%), followed by Sango (90.0%). Tuscan black kale gave a value of 68.5%, whereas broccoli displayed the lowest with 18.7%. ITCs were not the exclusive GL breakdown products in the two B. oleracea varieties, since nitriles were also produced, thus accounting for the lower conversion observed. Measuring the release of plant ITCs is a valuable tool in predicting the potential level of exposure to these bioactive compounds after the consumption of raw brassica sprouts.


Assuntos
Brassica/química , Brassica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Isotiocianatos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Brassica/classificação , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Alimentos Orgânicos/classificação , Humanos
5.
J Sci Food Agric ; 93(12): 3087-93, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23526334

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the Chenopodiaceae family, the apigenin flavonoids vitexin-2-O-xyloside (VOX) and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside (VOR) are important chemopreventive components. To investigate their bioavailability in in vivo animal studies an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method has been developed. RESULTS: The ELISA was based on polyclonal antibodies elicited in mice by injecting, as an immunogen, 4',6″-O-biapigenin (hinokiflavone, HF) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA-HF). A second immunogen was synthesised by coupling an equimolar mixture of VOX and VOR to BSA (BSA-F1). The BSA-HF elicited a significant antibody response, due to 17 HF hapten groups, coupled to each BSA molecule, whereas BSA-F1 provided a very low antigenicity in respect to control animals. Antiserum raised against BSA-HF showed an antibody titre of 1:1600. Antibodies were found to be specific for the flavonols. Our results show that VOX and its metabolic products reached the concentration of 3.42 ± 0.72 µg mL⁻¹ in plasma of VOX fed animals, at the net of the control value. CONCLUSIONS: By using the ELISA, the concentration of apigenin flavonoids and their metabolites can be detected in VOX- or VOR-supplemented animals. The assay represents a useful tool for rapid screening to compare bioavailability of apigenin flavonoids in respect to control animals.


Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/farmacocinética , Apigenina/farmacocinética , Flavonoides/sangue , Glicosídeos/farmacocinética , Animais , Anticarcinógenos/sangue , Apigenina/sangue , Biflavonoides/análise , Disponibilidade Biológica , Biotransformação , Calibragem , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Flavonoides/farmacocinética , Glicosídeos/sangue , Haptenos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Distribuição Aleatória
6.
Food Chem ; 138(2-3): 1521-30, 2013 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23411276

RESUMO

Cytotoxic effects of the combination of the food components vitexin-2-O-xyloside (X), raphasatin (4-methylsulphanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanates; G) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (E) were investigated in colon (LoVo and CaCo-2) and breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cancer cells. Breast cancer cells were more resistant than colon cells to X, G and E inhibition. On the contrary, marked synergistic effects among X, G and E on cell growth were found in both colon cancer cells. Further analysis revealed a G0/G1 arrest of the phase cell progression and apoptosis, linked to modulation of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation in both colon cancer cells, whereas apoptosis and ROS were not significantly detected in normal human lymphocytes. We conclude that the X, G and E mixture might act by mitochondrial pathway activation of apoptosis, possibly elicited by ROS and the mixture may be effective in the chemoprevention of colon cancer.


Assuntos
Apigenina/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/fisiopatologia , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Catequina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
7.
J Agric Food Chem ; 59(5): 2011-8, 2011 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21314125

RESUMO

The isolation and identification of a phytocomplex from olive mill waste waters (OMWW) was achieved. The isolated phytocomplex is made up of the following three phenolic compounds: hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA), tyrosol (p-HPEA) and the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid, linked with (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA). The purification of this phytocomplex was reached by partial dehydration of the OMWW, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and middle pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The phytocomplex accounted for 6% of the total phenolic content of the OMWW. The phytocomplex and individual compounds were tested for antioxidant capacity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC phytocomplex produced 10,000 ORAC units/g dry weight, whereas the cellular antioxidant activity, measured by the cellular antioxidant activity in red blood cell (CAA-RBC) method, demonstrated that the phytocomplex and all of the components are able to permeate the cell membrane thus exhibiting antioxidant activity inside the red blood cells. Our phytocomplex could be employed in the formulation of fortified foods and nutraceuticals, with the goal to obtain substantial health protective effects due to the suitable combination of the component molecules.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Frutas , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Olea , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/química , Humanos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Álcool Feniletílico/isolamento & purificação , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Piranos/isolamento & purificação , Piranos/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química
8.
Phytochem Anal ; 22(3): 272-9, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21337646

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Beta vulgaris var. cicla (BV) leaves contain chemopreventive compounds that have been investigated for new drug discovery. These compounds belong to the family of the apigenin-glycosides. Since the leaves are seasonal products containing high percentages of water, they are easily degradable during storage in fresh conditions. To be stored they require a drying process, consuming time and a large amount of energy. The extraction of apigenin-glycosides may also be conveniently performed from BV seeds, which represent a stable and year-long available biomass. OBJECTIVES: The present report was undertaken to find a strategy of purification of bioactive flavonoids from BV seeds and test their ability to inhibit proliferation both on human colon cancer (RKO) cells and normal human fibroblasts (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethyl-acetate extract of BV seeds was fractionated on a Sephadex LH 20 column. A fraction of this extract, labeled as P4, exploited a marked antiproliferative activity on RKO cells. The components of P4 were purified on an RP18 column chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-MS as 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, xylosylvitexin, glucopyranosyl-glucopyrasyl-rhamnetin and glucopyranosyl-xylosyl-rhamnetin. All of them were tested for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity on RKO and HF cells. RESULTS: Xylosylvitexin exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity on RKO cells, together with an enhancement of the apoptosis, an increase of cells in the G1 phase and a reduction of cells in the S phase; on the contrary, the proliferation of HF was significantly stimulated. CONCLUSION: Xylosylvitexin is the main and more efficient chemopreventive compound in BV seeds, but the natural cocktail of molecules, represented by P4 fraction, showed a better compromise between the antiproliferative activity on RKO cells and the enhancement of HF proliferation.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Beta vulgaris/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sementes/química
9.
J AOAC Int ; 92(3): 797-805, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19610370

RESUMO

Botanical extracts are standardized to > or = 1 marker compounds (MCs). This standardization provides a certain level of quality control, but not complete quality assurance. Thus, industries are looking for other satisfactory systems to improve standardization. This study focuses on the standardization of herbal medicines by combining 2 parameters: the concentration of the MC and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity was determined with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and the concentrations of the MCs, by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenols were also determined by the Folin-Ciocolteau method. The ORAC values, expressed as micromol Trolox equivalents/100 g (ORAC %), of 12 commercial herbal extracts were related to the ORAC values of the respective pure MCs at the concentrations at which the MCs occur in products (ORAC-MC %). The ORAC % values of 11 extracts were higher than those of the respective MCs and the ratios ORAC-MC %/ORAC % ranged from 0.007 to 0.7, whereas in the case of Olea europaea leaves, the same ratio was 1.36. The ORAC parameters and their ratios, as well as the linear relationship between ORAC-MC % and ORAC %, are described and discussed as tools for improving the standardization of herbal products and detecting modifications due to herb processing and storage.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/normas , Liofilização , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...