Examining Outcomes and Challenges of Telepsychiatry in Australian Elderly: A Scoping Review.

Methods: To find relevant articles, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We used a data extraction form to gather information from primary studies. Two researchers followed inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies and extract data. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with all researchers. Studies needed to be in English, about telepsychiatry for Australian seniors, and use any technology type (synchronous, asynchronous, or both). We excluded nontelepsychiatry articles, books, book chapters, conference abstracts, and editor letters. Results: Telepsychiatry was effectively employed to manage depression, anxiety, delirium, and cognitive impairments. Among these four disorders, telepsychiatry was mostly used for depression. Videoconference and telephone were mostly used to provide telepsychiatry services. Most telepsychiatry services for Australian seniors included "patient education on disorder control and management," "creating continuous interaction between the patient and the therapist," and "remote patients' assessment." "Reductions in symptoms of disorders," "improving patients' satisfaction with telepsychiatry," and "cost-effectiveness of telepsychiatry" were the most important positive outcomes of using telepsychiatry. We also identified four challenges in using telepsychiatry for elderly individuals in Australia. Conclusions: This study is the first scoping review in Australia and provides valuable insight into telepsychiatry for elderly individuals.

Estimation of Maximum Occlusal Bite Force of School-going Children in Different Dentition: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Bite force is an important indicator of the clinical state of mastication and its efficiency. Bite force measurement using a gnathodynamometer is a reliable method to assess the biomechanical properties of the masticatory system. It varies with different geographic populations and physiological and environmental factors. Aim: To estimate the maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) in school-going children of Hyderabad city at different dentition periods and to correlate with different variables. Materials and methods: A total of 392 school-going children in the age range of 3-13 years were selected following selection criteria (214 males and 178 females). They were divided on the basis of the dentition period. Demographic details along with general physical parameters such as height, weight, and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Maximum bite force was measured using a digital bite force instrument. Results: Maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) was 18.04 N in primary dentition of age 3-5 years, 47.64 N in mixed dentition of age 6-11, and 108.39 N in permanent dentition of age 12-13 years. The magnitude of bite force was observed to be directly proportional to age, height, weight, and dentition period. Males had greater bite force than females in all three dentitions. However, the difference was significant only in mixed dentition (p < 0.05). Of all the dentition bite force was significantly higher in permanent dentition.Bite force showed an inverse relation with body mass index (BMI) in primary and mixed dentition but a positive correlation was seen with permanent dentition. The mean MMO in males was slightly higher when compared to females. It increased with an increase in the dentition stage. Conclusion: Bite force is multifactorial. It has a significant correlation with physiologic and morphologic factors that influence the values of bite force. How to cite this article: Mutt NH, Mallela George MK, Nallanchakrava S, et al. Estimation of Maximum Occlusal Bite Force of School-going Children in Different Dentition: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):804-809.

Comparison of Three Treatment Techniques for Deep Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth: An In Vivo Study.

Aims: To evaluate and compare three different treatment modalities in the management of deep carious lesions in primary molars. Material and methods: A total of 60 primary molars from patients aged 4-9 years were randomly divided into three groups with 20 samples each. Sample in Group I received indirect pulp therapy with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate [MTA] as lining material, Group II received the modified Hall technique, and Group III MTA pulpotomy. The patients were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months as per evaluation criteria for success or failure of the same. A Chi-square test was used for proportions and for comparison between groups. Results: Clinically, the success rate for the modified Hall technique and MTA pulpotomy was higher than indirect pulp therapy. Radiographically, the modified Hall technique had the highest success rate of 100 percent among the indirect pulp therapy and MTA pulpotomy. This success rate was however not statistically significant. Conclusion: All three techniques had promising results clinically and radiographically. Since the results were not statistically significant, conservative treatment like Modified Hall's technique can be preferred over the surgical approach [MTA Pulpotomy]. Clinical significance: This study compares newer techniques called Hall's technique with traditional techniques like indirect pulp capping and MTA pulpotomy. Hall's technique is a quick and noninvasive procedure, which involves fitting the crown and seating it over the tooth without any caries removal/ tooth preparation and no local anesthesia is being practiced. In the present study Hall's technique showed higher rates of success compared to the other two procedures. How to cite this article: Poludasu M, Kumar Mallela GM, Puppala R, et al. Comparison of Three Treatment Techniques for Deep Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S201-S206.

Anticholinergic burden in older inpatients on psychotropic medication: do we care?

OBJECTIVES: This quality activity explored the prescribing patterns in an Older Persons Mental Health Inpatient Unit in order to establish whether the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB Scale) score on admission was reviewed to minimise anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) while maintaining therapeutic effects. METHODS: A retrospective electronic chart review of 50 discharged patients for any documented ACB review by the treating team, as well as the ACB Scale scores on admission and discharge. FINDINGS: ACB was rarely considered. On average, the total ACB Scale scores on admission and discharge were high. At the time of discharge, the proportion of patients on at least one anticholinergic medication had significantly increased, and only 10% of patients were on no anticholinergic medication. Approximately 50% of patients had an increased ACB Scale score by discharge as opposed to only 8% who had reduced scores. CONCLUSIONS: Anticholinergic polypharmacy should be minimised when prescribing to the elderly population to reduce potential anticholinergic burden.

Color stability of esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Children consume foods that are colorful which contain food additives that stain not only the tooth structure but also the restorations. As esthetics is of prime concern for both parents and children nowadays, long-term color stability of restorative materials is of utmost importance. AIM: To evaluate the color stability of two tooth-colored restorative materials (conventional glass ionomer cement [GIC] and giomer) when immersed in various consumable drinks and food (aerated beverage, ice candy, and health drink) at different immersion periods (low, moderate, and high). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 specimens were made with each restorative material. Ten were used as a control and remaining (n = 90) as experimental. The experimental specimens were divided into three groups based on media of immersion (n = 30 each) and were further divided into three subgroups based on immersion time (n = 10 each). The color changes (ΔE values) were measured using spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Both the tested materials showed color change; however, conventional GIC showed greater ΔE values when compared to giomer and the samples exposed to aerated beverage resulted in highest color change. It is also noticed that greater the exposure time, higher are the ΔE values. CONCLUSION: Giomer showed more resistance to color change than conventional GIC with all the tested media and immersion regimes.