[Etiology and chemotherapy of suppurative surgical infection in horses and cattle]. / Etiologiia i khimioterapiia na gnoinata khirurgicheska infektsiia pri konia i govedoto.

A total of 24 horses and 42 cattle with a variety of local suppurative processes (wounds, abscesses, phlegmons, tendovaginitis, etc.) were studied under conditions of the clinic with regard to the most commonly found microbial species and the opportunity to work out antibioticogrammes in terms of the effectiveness of 11 of the chemotherapeutic agents widely used in the practice. It was found that prevailing in horses were staphylococci and streptococci. In cattle Corynebacterium pyogenes was predominantly established. Besides, there was a rising trend in the part played by representative agents of the occasionally pathogenic microflora (Ps. aeruginosa, Pr. vulgaris, Escherichia coli) as the causative species of local suppurative processes. These organisms were fairly often isolated in association with other species, while they were more rarely found as the only acting ones in a particular case. Best effects of the antibiotics tested could be expectedly produced by gentamycin (82.5 per cent), carbenimycin (74.2 per cent), oxacyllin (72.7 per cent), ampicillin (68.2 per cent), and canamycin (61.8 per cent). At the same time, the effectiveness produced by some of the antibiotics widely employed in the practice, such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and penicillin was below 50 per cent.

[Clinico-pharmacological trial of the preparation streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae]. / Kliniko-farmakologichno izpitvane na preparata streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae.

Streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae contains: benzathin-penicillin--1,200,000 UI, streptomycin sulfa--1,000,000 UI, vitamin A oleosum--15,000 UI in a suitable base up to 10 ml. It is intended for the therapy and prophylaxis of inapparent mastitis of cows during the dry period. The preparation was tested in a total of 301 udder quarts of cows in terms of tolerance (general and local), depot effect, residual amounts, bactericidic effect, and therapeutic effect. The preparation was found to be well tolerated by the body and the parenchyma of the udder. The duration of its effect was 25 days. No residual amounts were found in the milk during the following lactation. The bactericidic effect in vitro reached 92.4 per cent, and in vivo--87.3 per cent of the cases. Positive therapeutic effect was found in 87.1 per cent of the cases, with subclinical mastitis it being 80.2 per cent, with latent infections--96.2 per cent, with secretion disturbances--94.3 per cent. Results revealed that the preparation was suitable to control inapparent mastitis in cows during the dry period.

[Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu koagulazonegativni stafilokoki, izolirani ot mliako na kravi sus subklinichen mastiti.

Studied were a total of 450 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 60.2 per cent of which were sensitive to novobiocin, and 37.1 per cent were producing delta toxin, 35.2 per cent were yielding lysosime, and 27.8 per cent - fibrinolysin. As compared to staphylococci isolated from normal cows they showed higher protease, DN-ase, and lecitinase activity. A scheme is suggested for the differentiation of the coagulase-negative mastitis staphylococci, of primary importance being the evaluation of their virulence to chick embryos or cell cultures.