[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with central venous catheter colonized by yeasts]. / Características clínicas e epidemiológicas de doentes com cateter venoso central colonizado por leveduras.

Among others complications due central venous catheters (CVCs), the blood infection (BI) deserves particular attention. The purposes of this study were to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients using CVC; to know the yeast colonization index; and to link it to risk factors for BI. Yeasts were investigated in 156 CVCs removed from 91 patients of the Regional University Hospital of Maringá from February to August, 2008. Yeast colonization was detected in 10.89% of the catheters, which were removed from 15 patients, three of them had a fatal hospital yeast infection due to catheter. There was a preponderance of male subjects; median age was 66 years and the mean hospitalization time was 15 days, greater than that of the non-colonized (p = 0.003). The mortality rate was significantly greater in this group than among those with non-colonized catheters (p = 0.01). Total parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis were the risk factors significantly more frequent in this group (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The most frequently found yeast was Candida parapsilosis. Among the colonized catheters those of double-lumen for infusion predominated and the site of insertion was the right subclavian vein. In conclusion the colonization by yeasts rate of CVC was 10.89% and 20% of them resulted in infection. These results add to higher mortality in patients who CVC was colonized by yeasts deserve attention considering the increasing of the hospital fungal infections.

Pacientes com infecção por vírus A (H1N1) admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Outcome of influenza A (H1N1) patients admitted to intensive care units in the Paraná state, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução, características clínico-epidemiológicas e fatores de gravidade em pacientes adultos admitidos com diagnóstico de infecção por vírus A(H1N1) em unidades de terapia intensiva públicas e privadas no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo coorte de análise de prontuários de pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos admitidos em 11 unidades de terapia intensiva de 6 cidades no Estado do Paraná (Brasil), durante um período de 45 dias, com diagnóstico de gripe suína. O diagnóstico de infecção por vírus A(H1N1) foi feito através de real time -polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) da secreção nasofaríngea, ou de forte suspeita clínica quando descartadas outras causas (mesmo com RT-PCR negativo). Foi feita estatística descritiva e análise com teste chi quadrado, para comparação entre porcentagens e teste t de student para variáveis continuas, com análise univariada, admitindo-se como significante um p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram admitidos 63 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de H1N1, sendo 37 (58,7 por cento) RT-PCR positivos. A maioria dos pacientes era de adultos jovens (65 por cento com idade inferior a 40 anos), sem predominância de sexo e alta incidência de obesidade (27,0 por cento com índice de massa corpórea>30). A média do escore Acute Physiologic Chronic Heatlh Evaluation II (APACHE II) foi de 15,0 ± 8,1. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 39,7 por cento. Os principais fatores associados a essa mortalidade foram exame positivo no teste RT-PCR, níveis baixos de relação PaO2/FiO2 inicial, níveis elevados de uréia e desidrogenase lática iniciais, nível de pressão expiratória final positiva necessária, necessidade de posição prona e de drogas vasopressoras. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva com infecção por vírus A(H1N1) apresentaram alto risco de óbito, particularmente devidos ao comprometimento respiratório. O exame RT-PCR positivo, níveis de uréia e de desidrogenase ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze outcome, clinical and epidemiological characteristics and severity factors in adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of infection by virus A (H1N1) to public and private intensive care units, in Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Cohort study of medical charts of patients older than 12 years admitted to 11 intensive care units in 6 cities in the state of Parana, Brazil, during a period of 45 days, with diagnosis of swine influenza. The diagnosis of infection with A (H1N1) was made by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretion, or strong clinical suspicion when other causes had been ruled out (even with negative RT-PCR). Descriptive statistics were performed, analysis by the Chi square test was used to compare percentages and the Student's t test for continuous variables with univariate analysis, assuming a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: There were 63 adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of H1N1, 37 (58.7 percent) being RT-PCR positive. Most patients were young adults (65 percent under 40 years of age) with no gender predominance and high incidence of obesity (27.0 percent with Body Mass Index > 30). Mean of the Acute Physiologic Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.0 + 8.1. Mortality in the intensive care unit was 39.7 percent. The main factors associated with mortality were: positive RT-PCR, low levels of initial PaO2/FiO2, high initial levels of urea and lactate dehydrogenase, required level of positive end expiratory pressure, need for the prone position and vasopressors. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with A (H1N1) virus infection admitted to intensive care units had a high risk of death, particularly due to respiratory impairment. Positive RT-PCR, urea and lactic dehydrogenase, low initial PaO2/FiO2 and high levels of PEEP were correlated with higher mortality.

Outcome of influenza A (H1N1) patients admitted to intensive care units in the Paraná state, Brazil. / Pacientes com infecção por vírus A (H1N1) admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva do Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze outcome, clinical and epidemiological characteristics and severity factors in adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of infection by virus A (H1N1) to public and private intensive care units, in Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Cohort study of medical charts of patients older than 12 years admitted to 11 intensive care units in 6 cities in the state of Parana, Brazil, during a period of 45 days, with diagnosis of swine influenza. The diagnosis of infection with A (H1N1) was made by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretion, or strong clinical suspicion when other causes had been ruled out (even with negative RT-PCR). Descriptive statistics were performed, analysis by the Chi square test was used to compare percentages and the Student's t test for continuous variables with univariate analysis, assuming a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: There were 63 adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of H1N1, 37 (58.7%) being RT-PCR positive. Most patients were young adults (65% under 40 years of age) with no gender predominance and high incidence of obesity (27.0% with Body Mass Index > 30). Mean of the Acute Physiologic Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.0 + 8.1. Mortality in the intensive care unit was 39.7%. The main factors associated with mortality were: positive RT-PCR, low levels of initial PaO2/FiO2, high initial levels of urea and lactate dehydrogenase, required level of positive end expiratory pressure, need for the prone position and vasopressors. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with A (H1N1) virus infection admitted to intensive care units had a high risk of death, particularly due to respiratory impairment. Positive RT-PCR, urea and lactic dehydrogenase, low initial PaO2/FiO2 and high levels of PEEP were correlated with higher mortality.