Machine learning-based classification of petrofacies in fine laminated limestones.

Characterization and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs depends on the classification of lithological patterns from well log data. In thin reservoir units, limited vertical data impedes the efficient classification of lithologies. We present a test case of petrofacies classification using machine learning models in a thin interval of finely laminated limestones using pseudo-well data created over outcrops (radiometric and unconfined compressive strength logs). We tested Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques to classify eight petrofacies types, divided into two groups. The objective was to observe the capacity of some well-known models to classify petrofacies with a high-frequency vertical variation of diagenetic heterogeneities in an extreme scenario within a thin sedimentary interval. The GNB was less effective (F 1 score of 0.29), and the SVM achieved the best results in classifying the main facies patterns (F 1 = 0.47). However, the GNB performed better when the analysis was focused on distinguishing the two main groups of petrofacies. The results demonstrate that high-frequency facies variations present a challenge to the automatic identification of lithofacies, mainly due to local variations in horizontal heterogeneities (on the mm- to cm-scale) created by depositional and diagenetic processes, which impact the flow in porous media.

Relationship between residual gastric area and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy: A Cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the actual size and area of the remnant stomach, as measured by Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, on weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2017 to December 2019, 56 patients with morbid obesity were admitted to the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. RESULTS: 56 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy with a mean age of 43,5 ± 11 years of which 40 were female. The mean Excess Weight Loss (EWL) at 1 month was 24,09 ± 15,04%, at 6 months was 27,07 ± 19,55% and at 12 months was 69,9 ± 23,7%. The mean Excess Body Mass Index Loss (EBMIL) at 1 month was 23,1 ± 12,5%, at 6 months was 56,6 ± 19,7% and at 12 months was 69,7 ± 23,7%.The EWL % was correlated with the residual stomach area (RSA) at 1 month (r = -0,242 p = 0,072), at 6 months (r = -0,249 p = 0,064) and at 12 months (r = -0,451 p = 0,0005).The EBMIL % was correlated with the RSA at 1 month (r = -0,270; p = 0,043), at 6 months (r = -0,270; p = 0,043) andat 12 months (r = -0,46; p = 0,0004). CONCLUSION: A greater postoperative EWL % was correlated with a smaller RSA and this resulted in a statistically significant change at 12 months after surgery.

Polydimethylsiloxane (macroplastique®) injection for vesicoureteral reflux in duplex ureters: a comparison with single renal systems.

OBJECTIVE: VUR in patients with a duplex system (DS) is often treated by open surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subureteric polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique(®)) injection (SMING) in the management of VUR in duplex and single (SS) renal systems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen children (24 refluxing renal units) with VUR in DS underwent SMING. VUR was more frequent in the lower moiety. VUR was graded moderate/severe in 88% of renal units. There was a history of urinary tract infections in 40% of cases. The outcome for DS patients was compared with 44 children (60 refluxing renal units) with moderate/severe VUR in SS. RESULTS: The VUR resolution/improvement rate was 88% in DS and 95% in SS patients. Ureteric reimplantation was required because of recurrent VUR in 13% and 7% of DS and SS groups, respectively. Transient ureteral obstruction was observed in 1/15 and 5/44 patients. Two required double-J ureteric stenting for 3 months. CONCLUSION: SMING seems an effective treatment for VUR in both DS and SS patients, even in severe cases. The complication rate does not significantly differ between the two groups.

[Ramirez abdominoplasty for large incisional hernia: personal experience]. / L'addominoplastica secondo Ramirez nei laparoceli voluminosi: esperienza personale.

The Authors report their experience with the surgical treatment of incisional hernias over the period from July 2000 to June 2004 in the Division of General Surgery of the Department of Surgical Sciences of the University of Foggia where 22 patients were operated on. Nine of them had an incisional hernia of considerable size, while in the other 13 patients the hernia was less voluminous. The authors emphasise the essential role of synthetic prostheses (polypropylene) which now replace and supersede the reabsorbable ones which have fallen into disuse due to the lack of guarantees regarding their strength over lengthy periods. An interdisciplinary approach is now mandatory for a pathology which requires the contribution of many different healthcare operatives such as cardiologists, respiratory physiopathologists, physiokinesitherapists, endocrinologists and resuscitators who all share in the work of the surgeon who represents the last link in the chain and has the technical task of resolving the basic pathology. The technique adopted for the larger incisional hernias was a Ramirez abdominoplasty, the first step of which consists in a very meticulous separation of the different structures of the abdominal wall followed by synthesis of the different anatomical layers with the application of polypropylene meshes. Our results in terms of intra- and postoperative mortality, complicating diseases and hospitalisation are compared with those reported in other studies using the Rives technique.

[Prosthetic treatment in inoperable cancers of the oesophagus and cardia: a report of 7 cases]. / Il trattamento protesico nelle neoplasie inoperabili dell'esofago e del cardias: contributo di 7 casi.

The Authors report their personal experience with 9 patients affected by cardial cancer and 4 with medio-distal oesophageal cancer, treated at the Department of Surgical Sciences of the University of Foggia. Of the 9 patients with cardial cancers, 4 were submitted to total gastrectomy; while the other 5, who had clearly inoperable forms, were fitted with a self-expanding metal prosthesis (Ultraflex). Of the 4 cases with medio-distal oesophageal cancers, which were considered beyond any kind of surgical treatment, 2 (with stenosing forms) were fitted with the self-expanding prosthesis (Ultraflex), while the other 2 (with friable, bleeding tissue) were treated by laser therapy with all the drawbacks such treatment entails. After application of stents, dysphagia decreases and on the whole we obtain real functional success and a better quality of life. Furthermore, the percentage of acute complications such as profuse bleeding, perforation of the pharynx or migration of the prosthesis and late complications such as obstruction by food, neoplastic obstruction, or haemorrhage is marginal. Finally, the ease of application and the economic saving achieved (due to reduction in hospitalisation time and charges) confer undeniable additional advantages on the procedure.

[Esophago-pharyngeal diverticulum: a case report]. / Diverticolo faringo-esofageo: presentazione di un caso.

The Authors report a case of Zenker's diverticulum seen and treated at the University Department of Surgical Sciences of the University of Foggia. The treatment of this condition is invariably surgical and consists in a diverticulectomy combined with a lengthwise extramucosal myotomy. This latter technical adjunct, however, would not appear to be accepted by all Authors. Other techniques have been proposed for the treatment of this condition, but no confirmation of their efficacy exists in the literature. Mortality fluctuates in the various case series, from 0.45% to 8.1%, and the morbidity varies from 5.3% to 40%. The risk of postoperative complications is always present, but can be reduced if the patient undergoes a thorough preoperative investigation.