Unilateral lung edema: effects on pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamics, and pulmonary perfusion distribution.

Two types of unilateral lung edema in sheep were characterized regarding their effects on pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamics, and distribution of pulmonary perfusion. One edema type was induced with aerosolized HCl (0.15 M, pH 1.0) and the other with NaCl (0.15 M, pH 7.4). Both aerosols were nebulized continuously for 4 h into left lungs. In HCl-treated animals, pulmonary gas exchange deteriorated [from a partial arterial O(2) pressure-to-inspired O(2) fraction ratio (Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2))) of 254 at baseline to 187 after 4 h HCl]. In addition, pulmonary artery pressure and total pulmonary vascular resistance increased (from 16 to 19 mmHg and from 133 to 154 dyn. s. cm(-5), respectively). In NaCl-treated animals, only the central venous pressure significantly increased (from 7 to 9 mmHg). Distribution of pulmonary perfusion (measured with fluorescent microspheres) changed differently in both groups. After HCl application, 6% more blood flow was directed to the treated lung, whereas, after NaCl, 5% more blood flow was directed to the untreated lung. HCl and NaCl treatment both induce an equivalent lung edema, but only HCl treatment is associated with gas exchange alteration and tissue damage. Redistribution of pulmonary perfusion maintains gas exchange during NaCl treatment and decreases it during HCl inhalation.

[Capabilities and limitations of TV fluorescein angiography of the retina (author's transl)]. / Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Fernsehfluoreszenz-angiographie der Retina.

The authors report on their experience with television fluorescein angiography (TVFA) in routine clinical work. Examples of possible indications and the technical-optical limitations of the procedure are described.

[Televised flurescein angiography of the retina--new technical aspects (author's transl)]. / Fernsehfluoreszenzangiographie der Retina--Neue technische Aspekte.

A television-fundus-camera is described, which makes possible video-tape recordings of both conventional fundal- appearances as well as fluorescein-angiograms. Minimal illumination of the fundus with a spectral lamp is utilized. The use of a spectral lamp optimizes the excitation of fluorescein dye and the intensity of the illumination can therefore be reduced to a minimal level. Thus, patient inconvenience is minimized and ocular immobility can be maintained for the duration of the examination, which results in better quality recordings.

[Utility of low light level television cameras for the fluorescein angiography of the retina (author's transl)]. / Verwendbarkeit von Restlichtfernsehkameras zur Fluoreszenzangiographie der Retina.

A survey of the major proportion of low-light level TV cameras available on the German market is described. A comparison and an assessment of the applicability of televised fluorescein angiography were carried out with the aid of technical data and measured results. It became evident that some systems were practicable for clinical use. With those it was possible to record angiograms at minimal illumination levels and patient inconvenience was reduced significantly. Measurements of blood flow parameters were possible with good temporal and geometrical resolution and full reproducibility.