Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

Weakness of the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus is usually related to an isolated paralysis of the anterior interosseous nerve in the volar aspect of the forearm. The same syndrome may be caused by lesions of the median nerve in the supracondylar region and by involvement of the fibers assigned to the abovementioned nerve in the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus. We report 4 cases of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (3 spontaneous and one traumatic), review and discuss etiological factors, clinical features and electromyographic findings in the syndrome.

The pronator teres syndrome. Clinical and electrophysiological features in six surgically verified cases.

Six surgically verified cases of pronator teres syndrome are reported. The anatomy of the median nerve at the upper third of the forearm, the relationships between the nerve and the pronator teres muscle and the serial innervation of the muscles of the forearm supplied by the n. medians are described. Clinical and electrophysiological features are reported in detail and their contribution in diagnosing the lesion is discussed.

Early somatosensory evoked potentials in supratentorial brain tumors.

Early somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded in 33 patients with supratentorial brain tumors (9 benign tumors, 17 glioblastomas and 7 metastases). All the cases were studied with CT scan and all but 2 were surgically explored and histologically classified. Evoked potentials were statistically analyzed regarding the nature and site of the tumors. The temporal malignant tumors showed the most significant alterations in latencies, particularly for waves P25, N34 and P44.

Pseudoclaudication in lumbar disc protrusions. Contribution in understanding the etio-pathogenetic factors of the syndrome and surgical results in eight cases.

Eight cases of pseudoclaudication in patients with herniated lumbar discs are reported. Clinical features and variations in clinical patterns are briefly described. The hypotheses concerning the mechanisms causing pseudoclaudication, formulated by some authors, are discussed. It is suggested that this particular syndrome might be related to an arrangement of the spinal circulation with one lumbar or sacral accessory artery playing an important role in supplying the lower portion of the spinal cord.

Diabetic neuropathy of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf. A case report.

We report a case of neuropathy of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf in a patient with inadequately controlled diabetes mellitus. The painful syndrome was controlled with carbamazepine.

Compression of the palmar cutaneous nerve by ganglions of the wrist.

Two cases of compression of the palmar cutaneous nerve by ganglion of the wrist are presented. The anatomy of the region, compression factors, mechanism and clinical features are discussed. Timely surgical removal of compression is recommended.

Entrapment neuropathies of the median nerve at and above the elbow.

Three surgically verified cases of median nerve entrapment at and above the elbow are reported: one involved a compression of the nerve beneath the Struthers ligament in absence of supracondylar bony spur, and two concerned a compression beneath the lacertus fibrosus bicipitis (aponeurosis musculi bicipitalis brachii). Of the two latter cases, the first entrapment was caused by a hematome and the second the nerve was found to be entrapped between the lactertus and an underlying hypertrophic brachial muscle. The compression mechanisms and clinical and electromyographic findings are presented.

Entrapment neuropathy of the dorsal cutaneous nerve of the hand.

One case of entrapment neuropathy of the dorsal cutaneous nerve of the hand is presented. The anatomy of the region suggests the nerve may be entrapped when it crosses the ulna behind the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. The electrophysiological findings and the good results following a local treatment with steroids are reported.

Conduction velocity in the human supraorbital nerve.

Maximal conduction velocity in the supraorbital nerve (afferent fibers for the blink reflex) has been estimated in 12 normal subjects (on the right and left side): the mean value was 41 m/s. Furthermore, this investigation was made on 23 patients with different pathologies (9 with trigeminal neuralgia with hypoesthesia, 8 with multiple sclerosis, 6 with cerebellopontine angle tumor). Normal and pathological results are discussed and diagnostic prospects of this procedure evaluated.

[Anterior interosseus nerve syndrome (Kiloh-Nevin) (author's transl)]. / Sindrome del nervo interosseo anteriore (Kiloh-Nevin).

The Authors describe two cases of "Anterior interosseus nerve syndrome" with spontaneous recovery. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed after reviewing the anatomy of the nerve and muscles, as well as diagnostic procedures. The main clinical features are: 1) no sensory troubles, 2) impairment of muscles innervated by interosseus nerve (flexor pollicis longus, external portion of flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus). The electrophysiological confirmation of the diagnosis is based on EMG findings, while conduction velocity appears to be complementary but not conclusive. The therapeutic aspects are discussed.

Laughing and running fits as manifestation of early traumatic epilepsy.

Early traumatic epilepsy, whose frequency is rather high, especially in children, is usually characterized by focal motor seizures (57%) or by generalized seizures (43%). The association of both running and laughing fits in the same patient on the contrary is quite exceptional, as only three cases have been reported in literature. There are no observations about temporal lobe epilepsy, nor, particularly, about running or laughing fits in early traumatic epilepsy. We report here the interesting case of a boy whose early traumatic epilepsy manifested itself as temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by running and laughter.

Remarks concerning 102 watersoluble contrast ventriculographies.

The Authors report their experience in using water-soluble contrast medium in ventriculographies having carried out 102 ventriculographies partly with Dimer X and partly with "Uromiro 300". Their conclusions are practically similar to those already reported by the many Authors who have written on this subject: 1) facility of examination particularly in urgent cases; 2) excellent neuroradiological definition of the cases; 3) possibility of obtaining a selective ventriculography; 4) indication especially in space-occupying lesions of the posterior cranial contrast medium; 6) possibility of reducing complication rate by carefully carrying out the examination and by avoiding the use of excessive quantities of contrast. In particular the Authors describe some useful methods for obtaining better technical results from the examination and reducing the complication rate.