[A morphometric method of determining the volumetric density of structural components of tissue]. / Morfometricheskii sposob opredeleniia ob''emnoi plotnosti strukturnykh komponentov tkani.

Methods of determination in the histological sections of the volumetric fraction of the tissue components, characterized by low content (less than 1%), uneven distribution and wide size variation are described. The measuring of the volumetric part of such a structure is carried out by two stages: in the first stage the true area of the whole section is estimated under the low magnification; in the second stage the same is made for the true area of the structure investigated. Then the volumetric density of the component in question is determined by the ratio of the area of investigated structure and that of the whole section. By this method it is identified that the normal volumetric part of the insular apparatus of the rat pancreas is on the average 0.46% in the duodenal part and 0.57% in the spleen part.

[Method for the finding and morphometry of cardiomyocyte mitochondria in semithin sections]. / Sposob vyiavleniia i morfometrii mitokhondrii kardiomiotsitov na polutonkikh srezakh.

To expose cardiomyocyte mitochondria under light microscope, a modified method for staining with methylene blue and sodium tetraboron of semi-thin sections of the myocardium is offered. Comparative analysis revealed that the volume density of mitochondria determined on semi-thin sections 1 micron in diameter is overstated 1.206 +/- 0.005 = fold as compared with the magnitude of the index in question calculated on electron microscopic photograph. The Holmes effect and limited resolving power of the light microscope are the reasons for overstating. The method offered allows one to readily expose cardiomyocyte mitochondria and to carry out rapidly the preliminary labour-consuming stage of morphometric research, thus saving work time on ultratome and electron microscope.

[Method of dissecting small sections while preserving the histological structural orientation of organs for electron microscopic studies]. / Sposob issecheniia kusochkov s sokhraneniem orientatsii gistostruktur organov dlia élektronno-mikroskopicheskikh issledovanii.

A simple method of marking of the direction of the histostructures to be studied in a tissue block intended for electron microscopic examinations during dissection has been developed. The essence of the method is in dissecting pieces of an organ in the form of a parallelepiped of 0.7 X 0.7 X 1.1 mm in size so that the structures to be studied would have a known orientation in relation to the long axis of the parallelepiped. One general schematic map of muscle fibers direction has been made on the basis of layer-by-layer separation of fibers of myocardial bundles and comparison of their directions in heart ventricle walls of mature mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and man. Using this map, it is possible to dissect a piece of the myocardium with the required orientation of muscle fibers and capillaries from any layer and part of each wall of the heart ventricles. A special knife having two pairs of parallelly located blades is proposed.

[Stereometric study of the relation between the surfaces of the cardiomyocytes and the walls of cardiac capillaries under normal conditions and in acute myocardial infarct]. / Stereometricheskoe issledovanie sootnoshenii poverkhnostei kardiomiotsitov i stenok kapilliarov serdtsa v norme i pri ostrom infarkte miokarda.

Stereometrical analysis of histological myocardial sections stained by the Mac -- Manus method modified by the authors showed a wide individual variation of values characterizing the overall surface and the relative specific surface of the muscle fibers, and the correlation between the relative surfaces of the capillaries and the muscle fibers in the hearts of practically healthy individuals who died in accidents. The myocardium of the anterior papillary muscle and intramural part of the left-ventricular wall were found to have the lowest values. Myocardial infarction occurred rather more frequently in individuals whose heart was characterized by low value of the relationship of the surfaces of the capillary walls and those of the cardiac myocytes and low value of the relative specific surface of the myocardial muscle fibers. This allows such individual structural organization of the myocardium to be accepted as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease and to be considered a manifestation of an unfavourable morphological background promoting earlier ischemia of the myocardium.

[Stereometric study of the "muscle fiber-capillary" system of the human heart in its functional aspect]. / Stereometricheskoe issledovanie sistemy "myshechnoe volokno-kapilliar" serdtsa cheloveka v funktsional'nom aspekte.

Quantitative analysis of spatial organization of the "muscle fibre-capillary" system was performed in 5 normal human hearts. The data on numerical, volumetric, superificial, relative superficial density of capillaries and muscular myocardial fibres were obtained; their total number in the left ventricle wall was calculated. Statistically significant difference of the spatial-quantitative organization in the "muscle fibre-capillary" system in different parts of the left ventricle wall was obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that selection of myocardial slices for stereometric investigation should be systematized. A mathematical equation for estimating quantitatively capillary blood supply of the myocardial muscle fibres in histological sections was introduced, taking into account volumetric and superficial parameters of the muscle fibres and capillaries.

[Cardiomyocyte-capillary system of the human heart normally and in acute myocardial infarct (a stereometric study)]. / Sistema kardiomiotsit-kapilliar serdtsa cheloveka v norme i pri ostrom infarkte miokarda (stereometricheskoe issledovanie).

Stereometric examination of the cardiomyocyte-capillary system of 40 normal hearts and 20 with primary acute infarction was conducted. Constitutional features of structural organization of the myocardium and its capillaries were determined. It is shown that myocardial infarction was encountered relatively more frequently in hearts characterized by low index of capillary blood supply to the muscular fibers. Such types of spatially-quantitative organization of the cardiomyocyte-capillary system are considered to be a risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease.

[Role of the intramural arterial bed of the human heart in the pathogenesis of coronary arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarct (a stereometric study)]. / Rol' intramural'nogo arterial'nogo rusla serdtsa cheloveka v patogeneze koronarnogo ateroskleroza i infarkta miokarda (stereometricheskoe issledovanie).

Pathological and stereometric studies of the intramural arterial bed of 42 normal hearts and 39 hearts with myocardiac infarction were carried out by injection and non-injection methods. The stereometrical analysis has shown a wide variability of volumetric density of the intramyocardial arterial bed normally due to individual features of heart angioarchitectonics. Myocardial infarction developed more frequently in subjects with a small specific volume of the intramural bed. The low volumentrical density of the intramyocardial arterial bed appears to be conducive to rapid progress of atherosclerotic coronary sclerosis. It is suggested that the low volumentrical density of the intramyocardial arterial bed be considered as one of the risk factors in the development of ischemic heart disease.

[Comparative stereometric study of the intramural arterial bed of the human myocardium using injection and non-injection methods]. / Sravnitel'noe stereometricheskoe issledovanie intramural'nogo arterial'nogo rusla miokarda cheloveka in"ektsionnoi i bezyn"ektsionnoi metodikami.

Comparative sterometric study of intramural arterial bed of the left ventricle wall of 20 injected and 30 non-injected hearts of practically health adults aged from 24 to 27 years (after violent death) was conducted. The volumetric density index of intramural arterial bed(Vv) of the myocardium of the left ventricle wall was on the average 9 times less in case of non-injected hearts than in the injected ones. The Vv was the greastest in the middle type of the coronary circulation of the heart. The non-linear dependence between the Vv and the age was revealed. The Vv decreased with the increase of the heart weight. With the equal indices of the heart weight the Vv was significantly higher in females than in males. The non-injection sterometric method used for the study of the inorganic arterial bed simplifies and objectifies the estimation of the state of myocardial blood supply and can be used in anatomopathological practice.

[Method of stereometric study of the intramural arterial bed of the walls of the human heart ventricles]. / Metodika stereometricheskogo issledovaniia intramural'nogo arterial'nogo rusla stenok zheludochkov serdtsa cheloveka.

Principles and technique for selecting material from the human heart ventricular walls to study stereometrically their intramural arterial bed are described. The left ventricular wall was investigated as an example. Stereometric investigation of the intramural arterial bed of the myocardium is carried out under an ocular grid by the method of dots counting on histological sections, obtained from pieces of three-plane orientation (horizontal, vertical and frontal). To obtain the most informative data on average volume density of the intramural arterial bed along the whole left ventricular wall, it is enough to confine our examination to its six areas (superior, medial, inferior thirds of the anteior and posterior-lateral parts of the left ventricular wall). From each area, at least, one piece with horizontal and vertical and two pieces with frontal orientation should be taken. In order to obtain reliable data on volume density of the intramural bed in a certain myocardial part (a zone of infarction, cardiosclerosis, etc.), it is necessary to take more pieces excised, no less than two both with horizontal and vertical orientation and four with frontal orientation.

[Stereologic method of determining the volumetric density of the arterial bed of the myocardium in histologic sections]. / Stereologicheskii metod opredeleniia ob"emnoi plotnosti arterial'nogo rusla miokarda na gistologicheskikh srezakh

The volumetric density of the intramyocardial arteries proved to be equal to the sum of their volumetric densities obtained by the planimetric measurements on three interperpendicular histological sections. To avoid systematic errors only the vessels in which the ratio of the short (D) and long (L) diameters of the sections was not below (see article) greater than or equal to 0.707 should be subjected to planimetry. Examples of estimation of the volumetric density of human intramyocardial arteries are given. The volumetric density of the intramyocardial arteries was not equal in different parts of the myocardium.