Ventilation of Nonparalyzed Patients Under Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway, Comparison of Three Modes of Ventilation: Volume Controlled Ventilation, Pressure Controlled Ventilation, and Pressure Controlled Ventilation-volume Guarantee.

BACKGROUND: Pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) is the preferable mode of ventilation of nonparalyzed patients undergoing anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as compared to volume controlled ventilation (VCV) and spontaneously breathing patient. In this study, we compared the PC-volume guarantee (PC-VG) mode of ventilation with VCV and PCV modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Classes I and II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with a classic LMA were ventilated, subsequently, with the three modes of ventilation: VCV, PCV, and PC-VG for 10 min each mode. Tidal volume set for all patients was 8 ml/kg of ideal body weight. Parameters measured with modes of ventilation include peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), compliance, measured tidal volume, O2 saturation, end-tidal CO2, and presence of an oropharyngeal leak. RESULTS: The PIP was significantly higher with the application of VCV mode of ventilation than PCV and PC-VG modes. The compliance was significantly lower when using the mode of ventilation VCV than PCV and PC-VG. The PIP and the compliance were not statistically different between the PCV and PC-VG modes of ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Ventilation of nonparalyzed patients with LMA under anesthesia with PC-VG is advantageous over VCV in reducing PIP and increasing lung compliance. No difference was noted between PCV and PC-VG in ASA Classes I or II under the adequate depth of anesthesia in patients with normal pulmonary function.

COMBINED BLOCK OF THE FEMORAL AND LATERAL FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVES UNDER ULTRASOUND FOR POST- OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HIP SURGERY: A DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate pain management of post-operative pain of patients undergoing hip surgery can result in morbidity and mortality complications. Anatomically, pain resulted from the incision site innervation (Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) and the hip joint innervation mainly the femoral nerve. Adding femoral nerve blockade to the multimodal regimen for postoperative pain control after hip surgery has been described. METHODS: all 31 patients included in the study received preoperatively combined FN and LFCN block with Normal Saline 0, 9% (group I) or bupivacaine 0.5% (group II) randomly by using a previously generated continuous randomization list kept in a closed envelope. Pain control regimen consisted of Perfalgan 1g IV every 6 hours systematically and Dolosal 50 mg IM every 6 hours if needed (i.e. VAS > 4). Pain level was measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for the first 24 hours.Time to the first request of analgesia and the total dose of dolosal were calculated. RESULTS: The number of patients who requested narcotics was significantly higher in group I (8) than group II (3), P=0,044; the total dose of dolosal used was significantly higher in group 1 (50 mg) than group II (9,375mg), P=0,0058. Time to the first request for analgesia was significantly lower in group I (6hrs ± 5,12) as compared to Group II (21.3 hrs ± [Arabic letters: see text]), P =0,043. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, FN and LFCN block when added to the standard regimen for postoperative pain management after hip surgery had a benefit in decreasing pain scores as well as opioid consumption.