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1.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 22092, 2022 12 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36543830

RESUMO

Human-Building Interaction (HBI) is a convergent field that represents the growing complexities of the dynamic interplay between human experience and intelligence within built environments. This paper provides core definitions, research dimensions, and an overall vision for the future of HBI as developed through consensus among 25 interdisciplinary experts in a series of facilitated workshops. Three primary areas contribute to and require attention in HBI research: humans (human experiences, performance, and well-being), buildings (building design and operations), and technologies (sensing, inference, and awareness). Three critical interdisciplinary research domains intersect these areas: control systems and decision making, trust and collaboration, and modeling and simulation. Finally, at the core, it is vital for HBI research to center on and support equity, privacy, and sustainability. Compelling research questions are posed for each primary area, research domain, and core principle. State-of-the-art methods used in HBI studies are discussed, and examples of original research are offered to illustrate opportunities for the advancement of HBI research.


Assuntos
Ambiente Construído , Humanos , Consenso , Previsões
2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 22(9)2022 Apr 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35591133

RESUMO

As humans spend more time indoors, ensuring acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) through ubiquitous sensing systems has become a necessity. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the IAQ sensing systems, a holistic review of the performance and deployment of Ubiquitous IAQ Sensing (UIAQS) systems with associated requirements in IAQ sensing standards is still lacking. In this study, we first reviewed IAQ pollutants and other IAQ-related factors and the associated requirements in the prominent IAQ sensing standards. We found that while non-pollutant factors are influential on occupants' perception of IAQ and their satisfaction, they do not have evaluation metrics in the IAQ standards. Then, we systematically reviewed field studies on UIAQS technologies in the literature. Specific classes of information were recorded and analyzed further. We found that the majority of the UIAQS systems did not meet the requirements of the prominent IAQ sensing standards and identified four primary research gaps. We concluded that a new holistic and personalized approach that incorporates UIAQS measurements and subjective feedback is needed. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and policymakers to better improve UIAQS technologies by developing personalized IAQ sensors and sensing standards.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Benchmarking , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos
3.
Indoor Air ; 31(2): 587-601, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32870542

RESUMO

Human activity is known to leave significant effects on indoor airflow patterns. These patterns are carefully designed for many facilities such as cleanrooms, pharmaceutical settings, and healthcare environments, where human-induced wakes contribute to the transport of contaminants. Therefore, the knowledge about these wakes as it relates to indoor air quality is critical. As a result, a series of experiments were conducted in a controlled chamber to study the three-dimensional effects of true human walking on airflow. Experiments were designed to capture the effect of human walking under three different flow conditions, and for two different walking schemes. The results show that the effect of walking on the airflow is not negligible and can sustain up to 10 seconds after the moving body has passed. Walking on a straight line creates significant change in the velocity normal to the walking path and vertical to the plane of walking movement. These changes were detectable till 1.0 m away from the walking track. Also, the similarity between airflow patterns of walking once and twice illustrated a promising opportunity of predicting the flow patterns of random walk from a set of base cases.


Assuntos
Movimentos do Ar , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Movimento , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Respiratórios , Caminhada
4.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol ; 30(2): 328-337, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31636369

RESUMO

Inhalation exposure to pure and metabolic elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been associated with impaired work performance, lower perceived air quality, and increased health symptoms. In this study, the concentration of metabolic CO2 was continuously measured in the inhalation zone of 41 subjects performing simulated office work. The measurements took place in an environmental chamber with well-controlled mechanical ventilation arranged as an office environment. The results showed the existence of a personal CO2 cloud in the inhalation zone of all test subjects, characterized by the excess of metabolic CO2 beyond the room background levels. For seated occupants, the median CO2 inhalation zone concentration levels were between 200 and 500 ppm above the background, and the third quartile up to 800 ppm above the background. Each study subject had distinct magnitude of the personal CO2 cloud owing to differences in metabolic CO2 generation, posture, nose geometry, and breathing pattern. A small desktop oscillating fan proved to be suitable for dispersing much of the personal CO2 cloud, thus reducing the inhalation zone concentration to background level. The results suggest that background measurements cannot capture the significant personal CO2 cloud effect in human microclimate.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/estatística & dados numéricos , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Exposição por Inalação/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho , Adulto , Poluição do Ar , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Exposição por Inalação/análise , Masculino , Ventilação
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