Effect of Different Types of Aerobic Exercise on Individuals With and Without Hypertension: An Updated Systematic Review.

High blood pressure (BP) is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and preventing it greatly reduces the vascular consequences of aging and, along with intensive treatment of hypertension, eliminates a large portion of the burden of CVD-related mortality. Many meta-analyses and studies proved that regular aerobic exercise (AE) reduces BP but most of these studies consider only hypertensive populations or only AE but not resistant exercise or their combination. In this review, we aimed to study the effect of different types of physical activity (PA)/AE on various populations including normotensive, prehypertensive, primary hypertensive, and resistant hypertensive with different comorbidities. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English articles with keywords for physical activity, aerobic exercise, and blood pressure from January 2010 until September 2021. Finally, 24 studies were included. Results showed that chronic or acute AE (long-term or short-term), either alone or as combined with different sessions and programs can reduce systolic and diastolic BP in every group including normotensive, prehypertensive, primary hypertensive, resistant hypertensive individuals and diabetic patients and those with kidney problems but not in people with chronic heart failure. Isometric exercise training showed to be useful in reducing BP in all groups either as low intensity or as high intensity but the rate of reduction was different in terms of gender. AE showed to be effective in terms of BP reduction in a different age range. It can be seen that different types and duration of AE independent of the modality and programs and independent of the BP medical situation of individuals have been successful in terms of BP reduction. For those with chronic heart failure, more concern and help might be needed to decrease BP via exercise.

Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effect of resveratrol supplementation on endothelial function. A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 2021 with no limitation in time and language. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In total, 21 arms from 17 studies were included. The meta-analysis results showed that resveratrol significantly change the concentrations of FMD (WMD: 1.43%; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.88, p < .001) and ICAM-1 (WMD: -7.09 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.45 to -6.73, p < .001). However, VCAM-1, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 did not change significantly after resveratrol supplementation. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that resveratrol supplementation can improve endothelial function which could be important, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases.