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1.
Pathol Res Pract ; 256: 155227, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38490099

RESUMO

For the first time, a subset of small cancer cells identified in acute myeloid leukemia has been termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). These cells are notorious for their robust proliferation, self-renewal abilities, significant tumor-forming potential, spread, and resistance to treatments. CSCs are a global concern, as it found in numerous types of cancer, posing a real-world challenge today. Our review encompasses research on key CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNA in three types of cancer: breast, colon, and liver. These factors play a critical role in either promoting or inhibiting cancer cell growth. The reviewed studies have shown that as cells undergo malignant transformation, there can be an increase or decrease in the expression of different Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers on their surface. Furthermore, alterations in essential signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch1, may impact CSC proliferation, survival, and movement, while also providing potential targets for cancer therapies. Additionally, some research has focused on MicroRNAs due to their dual role as potential therapeutic biomarkers and their ability to enhance CSCs' response to anti-cancer drugs. MicroRNAs also regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs, and influence gene transcription. Thus, these studies indicate that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the malignancy of various tumors. Although the gathered information suggests that specific CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNAs are influential in determining the destiny of cancer cells and could be advantageous for therapeutic strategies, their precise roles and impacts remain incompletely defined, necessitating further investigation.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias , Humanos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/metabolismo
2.
Pathol Res Pract ; 255: 155172, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38340584

RESUMO

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The emerging field of stem cell therapies for ATLL is discussed, highlighting the potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and genetically modified stem cells. HSCT aims to eradicate malignant T-cells and restore a functional immune system through the infusion of healthy donor stem cells. Genetically modified stem cells show promise in enhancing their ability to target and eliminate ATLL cells. The article presents insights from preclinical studies and limited clinical trials, emphasizing the need for further research to establish the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of stem cell therapies for ATLL and challenges associated with these innovative approaches are also explored. Overall, stem cell therapies hold significant potential in revolutionizing ATLL treatment, and ongoing clinical trials aim to determine their benefits in larger patient populations.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto , Linfoma , Adulto , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/terapia
3.
Virol J ; 21(1): 9, 2024 01 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38183101

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) that is estimated almost all sexually active Patients at some stage of their life will be infected by the virus. Although most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, some can result in health complications, such as genital warts and several types of cancer. This study analyzed the variety of HPV genotypes in females and males among the infected population. METHODS: Samples were obtained from the oral, vaginal, and genital sites of study participants and the samples underwent DNA extraction and subsequently amplified using Real-Time PCR. The recognition of high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes was carried out using the HPV REALQUALITY RQ-Multi diagnostic kit and demographic information was analyzed alongside statistical virological data. RESULTS: Out of 936 samples, 324 cases (34.6%) were found to be positive for HPV, while 612 cases (65.4%) were negative. Of our participants, 70 samples of males (27.5%) and 254 samples of females (37.3%) were HPV-positive. Common genotypes included 16, 6, 11, and 18, while genotypes 59, 56, 31, 45, and 52 were also detected. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, a significant prevalence of HPV infection was seen in males and females, and the incidence of high-risk genotypes was more diverse in males. While the vaccine was effective in preventing some types of HPV, such as 16, 18, 6, and 11, there seems to be an increase in infections caused by other genotypes, and precautions should be taken to prevent future health problems.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Vagina
4.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 21058, 2023 11 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38030665

RESUMO

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Recent research suggests that vitamin D may also have an impact on lipid metabolism, specifically the level of circulating lipids in the blood. We aim to investigate it role among healthy participate. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,600 patients who were referred to the laboratories of university hospitals. We measured the serum levels of Vitamin D as well as triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL using ELISA. We found that the mean serum level of Vitamin D was 40.31 ± 20.79 ng/mL. Of the participants, 16.7% had a serum level of Vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL, 57.7% had a level between 21 and 40 ng/mL, and 13.5% had a level between 41 and 60 ng/mL. Additionally, 12.2% had a level greater than 60 ng/mL. We performed a one-way analysis of variance and found that as the serum level of Vitamin D increased, the mean LDL level decreased significantly. Our study provides evidence of a significant relationship between serum levels of Vitamin D and LDL levels in patients. The findings suggest that vitamin D status may play a role in regulating lipid metabolism and may have implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and to determine optimal levels of vitamin D intake for maintaining lipid profiles.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Vitamina D , Triglicerídeos , Vitaminas , HDL-Colesterol
5.
Adv Pharm Bull ; 11(3): 505-513, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34513625

RESUMO

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is believed to result from an impaired immune response against myelin components especially myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Some efforts have been made to bioconjugate the MOG peptides to tolerogenic particles like poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for treating animal models of autoimmune disorders. Accordingly, we aimed to elucidate the tolerogenic effects of MOG-PLGA particles on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: PGLA nanoparticles were synthesized using water/oil/water procedure. Next, the MOG or ovalbumin (OVA) peptides covalently linked to the PLGA particles. These particles were then intravenously or subcutaneously administered to nine groups of C57BL/6 mice before and after EAE induction. The brain tissues were assessed for the infiltration of immune cells. The Tolerogenic effect of the vaccine was also assessed on the quantity of the Treg cells. Moreover, the amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-17 levels produced by splenic lymphocytes were then quantified by ELISA. Results: Intravenous administration of PLGA500-MOG35-55 nanoparticles before EAE induction ameliorated EAE clinical scores as well as infiltration of immune cells into the brain. In the spleen, the treatment increased CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg population and restored the homeostasis of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 (all P values <0.0001) among splenocytes. Conclusion: The conjugation of MOG peptides to the PLGA nanoparticles significantly recovered clinical symptoms and the autoimmune response of EAE. The MOG-PGLA particles are potentially valuable for further evaluations, hopefully progressing toward an optimal approach that can be translated to the clinic.

6.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 34: 102286, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33838311

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In this study, the ability of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a treatment approach and adjuvant therapy using curcumin-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Cur@PLGA-NPs) to inactivate Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in plasma was investigated. Furthermore, to verify whether the quality requirement of aPDT-treated plasma is acceptable, the differences of the levels of clotting factors, total plasma proteins, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies titrations in plasma of patient before and after aPDT treatment were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cur@PLGA-NPs was synthesized using Electrospinning process and characterized by different analysis including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy assays. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in the plasma samples of patients suspected of having COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Then, the treated plasma samples with Cur@PLGA-NPs plus blue laser were exposed to Vero cells. Eventually, cell cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of treated Vero cells were evaluated. Levels of clotting factors including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total plasma proteins, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies measurements were performed using the coagulometer, method of Bradford, and titration procedure, respectively. RESULTS: The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 84.3 % of samples. Different concentrations of Cur@PLGA-NPs (3, 5, 7, and 10 % wt.), the irradiation times of blue laser (1, 3, and 5 min), and aPDT with the maximum dosed of blue laser light (522.8 J/cm2) plus 10 % wt. Cur@PLGA-NPs had no cytotoxicity. Although there were significant cell degradation and apoptotic effects in treated Vero cells with treated plasma using 10 % wt. Cur@PLGA-NPs, and a blue laser at an energy density of 522.8 J/cm2, no visible changes in cells and apoptosis were observed following aPDT. Total plasma protein content, PT, APTT, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies titers showed no significant changes (P > 0.05 for all comparisons) in treated plasma as compared to untreated plasma. CONCLUSION: aPDT exhibited in vitro anti-COVID-19 activities in the treated plasma containing SARS-COV-2 without Vero cell apoptosis and any adverse effects on plasma quality in aPDT-exposed plasma.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Curcumina , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Animais , Antibacterianos , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Curcumina/farmacologia , Glicolatos , Glicóis , Humanos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Células Vero
7.
Inflamm Res ; 68(1): 25-38, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30178100

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), mainly characterized by inflammatory demyelination, which manifests as relapses and diffuse damage and brain volume loss, both accounting for neurodegeneration, and therefore, physical disability. MS typically affects young adults and is commonly diagnosed in the early years by acute relapses, which then followed through partial or complete remission period. The clinical course of MS is characterized as four major classifications, including relapsing-remitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), progressive relapsing (PRMS), and secondary progressive (SPMS). PURPOSE: This review provides comprehensive overview of the current treatments and future innovative approaches in the treatment of MS. RESULTS: Currently, there is no definite cure for MS. The treatment of MS has mainly been based on the prescription of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating agents. However, a number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) have been designed that reduce the attack rate and delay progression and mainly target inflammation settings in these patients. Although remarkable advancements have occurred in the therapy of MS, the rate of progressive disability and early mortality is still worrisome. Recently, a monoclonal antibody (ocrelizumab) was demonstrated to be beneficial in a clinical trial of primary progressive MS. Furthermore, novel treatment strategies concentrating on the remyelination or neuroprotection are under evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of prosperous experiences in MS therapy, the future research, hopefully, will bring substantial improvements in the understanding and approaches of MS therapy.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Animais , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Drogas em Investigação/uso terapêutico , Epigênese Genética , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Bainha de Mielina , Linfócitos T
8.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 16(3): 271-281, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28732440

RESUMO

The abnormal function of the T lymphocytes causes a range of autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis; hence, several methods have been used to treat these disorders through the induction of antigen-specific tolerance in T cells. The present study aims to use a simple and low-cost method to produce poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for carrying antigens and inducing antigen-specific tolerance. In this study, PLGA nanoparticles were produced using the water/oil/water (W/O/W) method. The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide and ovalbumin peptide(OVA) were covalently bound to the synthetic PLGA nanoparticles in the presence of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDCI) and were injected to six groups of C57BL/6 mice one week before the induction of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) intravenously or subcutaneously; one group was considered as control; finally, immunologic responses including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and lymphocyte proliferation were investigated. The results showed that the intravenous injection of microparticles containing MOG peptides before the development of the EAE model, not only could delay the incidence of syndrome, but also increase the antigen-specific tolerance. Moreover, a reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity response was observed in the mice primed with microparticles containing MOG peptides. In addition, a reduced spleen lymphocyte proliferation was found in the same mice when challenged with antigens. The present study proposes a simple, inexpensive, effective and safe method for preparing MOG-conjugated PLGA microparticles with immune tolerance properties that can be used in the treatment or reducing clinical syndromes of EAE model.


Assuntos
Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito/imunologia , Nanopartículas , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Animais , Autoimunidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Feminino , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Camundongos , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Baço/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo
9.
Immunol Invest ; 45(7): 584-602, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27420738

RESUMO

Two categories of regulatory T cells (Tregs), nTreg and iTreg, play vital roles in orchestrating the integrity of a host in the course of an immune response. Tregs commonly belong to CD4+ CD25+ T cells and they are characterized by a transcription factor - forkhead box P3 (FoxP3). Within the space of the last few years, interests have been drawn to Tregs as a therapeutic tool in several settings like autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor disorders. As a consequence, to assess the functional properties of Tregs, namely through their ability to suppress other cells, cytokine expression, and proliferation in a variety of conditions, it is mandatory to gain better approaches to this end. This would be beneficial in designing better-than-ever therapeutic methods with regard to Tregs properties. Gaining better insights into the underlying mechanisms of immune regulation, by means of straightforward and less time-consuming techniques, will hopefully permit the therapeutic application of these cells in the control of human disorders. This review aims at going through the basic methods for Treg isolation as well the efficiency of the commonly exerted in vitro assays of Tregs-mediated immune suppression.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/fisiologia , Animais , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Imunoensaio , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo
10.
Biosens Bioelectron ; 86: 235-246, 2016 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27376194

RESUMO

Safety of food is of great concern these days due to various contaminations including toxins, infectious agents and chemical contaminants. Therefore, there is a need to develop promising and user's friendly method to monitor food safety. Lateral flow tests are new, simple and rapid alternative for detection of food-borne pathogens compared with traditional methods. In this review article, we surveyed application of lateral flow biosensors in detection of different food contaminants and labels used to enhance the efficiency of the system. Finally, the unique feature of multi-parametric analysis of analytes by lateral flow device has been reported, proving a lateral flow system is able to be designed in a way to detect multiple targets, simultaneously.


Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo/instrumentação , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Imunoensaio/instrumentação , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
11.
Jundishapur J Microbiol ; 8(9): e26793, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26495113

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important microorganisms that causes various human diseases by secreting virulence factors known as staphylococcal super antigens (SAgs). Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial antigen that is responsible for food poisoning in humans. Among SEB detection methods, a lateral flow device (LFD) is ideal for rapid immunochromatographic tests because it is easy to use, requires minimal time to produce results, and does not require personnel training. OBJECTIVES: In our laboratory, the production of an immunochromatographic test strip, for the detection of SEB using a sandwich assay and a competitive method, was described; the test can detect SEB with high sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The strip assays were compared with PCR, a valid method for detection. For PCR, a specific sequence for SEB production was detected using primers designed according to GenBank sequences. RESULTS: In total, 80 food samples suspected of SEB contamination were assessed using the two methods. Fifty-four samples were contaminated based on the PCR technique and twenty-six of those were confirmed using the strip assay. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the sandwich method was approximately 10 ng/mL and that of the competitive method was approximately 250 ng/mL. In the LFD, a highly specific monoclonal antibody used for both the sandwich and competitive methods resulted in an increased sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of a minimal SEB concentration.

12.
Iran J Immunol ; 10(3): 139-49, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24076591

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. In vitro studies have been shown that Arteether (ARE) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of Arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. METHODS: In this study, we used MTT assay for evaluation of cytotoxicity of Arteether on tumor cell line and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with tumor tissue taken from Spontaneous Mouse Mammary Tumor (SMMT) bearing female mice. Arteether was administered to breast tumor-bearing Balb/c mice at a dose of 6mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Tumor sizes, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production, and the percentage of splenic T-reg cells were measured. RESULTS: We observed that ARE could reduce the cell growth of 4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner but it had no cytotoxic effect on the growth of peripheral blood lymphocytes. ARE administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing Balb/c mice could reduce the tumor growth rate and splenic T-reg cells. No difference in the IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 production was observed between tumor antigen-stimulated splenocytes of mice treated with ARE and control mice. CONCLUSION: These results underscore antitumor properties of Arteether that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Artemisininas/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Artemisia annua/química , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Processos de Crescimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Transplante de Neoplasias , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos
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