Bevacizumab Arrests Osteoarthritis Progression in a Rabbit Model: A Dose-Escalation Study.

Cartilage neoangiogenesis holds a prominent role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibitor of angiogenesis, in a rabbit OA model. Animals were divided into four groups: one receiving a sham intra-articular knee injection and three groups undergoing 5, 10, and 20 mg intra-articular bevacizumab injections. The effect of the antibody on articular cartilage and synovium was assessed through histology and quantified with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. Bevacizumab treatment led to a significant reduction of cartilage degeneration and synovial OA changes. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly lower cartilage MMP-13 expression levels in all experimental groups, with the one receiving 20 mg bevacizumab showing the lowest. The antibody also resulted in increased production of aggrecan and type 2 collagen after administration of 5, 10, and 20 mg. The group treated with 20 mg showed the highest levels of type 2 collagen, while aggrecan content was even higher than in the healthy cartilage. Intra-articular bevacizumab has been demonstrated to effectively arrest OA progression in our model, with 20 mg being the most efficacious dose.

Evaluation of reproducibility of the MOCART score in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus repaired using the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis technique.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the applicability and reproducibility of magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score for morphological evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) repaired using autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) technique. METHODS: Two radiologists (R1-R2) and two orthopaedists (O1-O2) independently reviewed 26 ankle MRIs performed on 13 patients (6 females; age: 38.9 ± 15.9, 14-63) with OLT repaired using AMIC. The MRIs were performed at 6 and 12 months from surgery. For inter/intra-observer agreement evaluation for each variable of the MOCART, we used Cohen's kappa coefficient. Progression of MOCART between 6- and 12-month evaluation was assessed using the Wilcoxon test. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between baseline lesion size and MOCART. RESULTS: The inter-observer agreement between R1 and R2 ranged from poor (adhesions, k = 0.124) to almost perfect (subchondral bone, k = 0.866), between O1 and O2 from absent (effusion, k = -0.190) to poor (surface, k = 0.172), and between R1 and O1 from absent (cartilage interface, k = -0.324) to fair (signal intensity, k = 0.372). The intra-observer agreement of R1 ranged from poor (signal intensity, k = 0.031) to substantial (subchondral lamina, k = 0.677), while that of O1 from absent (subchondral bone, k = -0.061) to substantial (surface, k = 0.663). There was a significant increase of MOCART between 6- and 12-month evaluation of R1 (Z = -2.672; P = 0.008), R2 (Z = -2.721; P = 0.007) and O1 (Z = -3.034; P = 0.002). Conversely, the increase of MOCART of O2 was not significant (Z = -1.665; P = 0.096). Inverse correlation between lesion size at baseline and MOCART was significant at 12-month evaluation (-0.726; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: MRI has an important role in the follow-up of surgical repaired OLT, but MOCART score does not seem to be sufficiently reproducible to be applied for this purpose.

Early intervertebral disc degeneration changes in asymptomatic weightlifters assessed by t1ρ-magnetic resonance imaging.

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early intervertebral disc degeneration quantified by T1ρ- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in asymptomatic weightlifters compared with a healthy control group matched for sex and age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Athletes consistently recruit or transfer high levels of repetitive forces through the spine, and MRI has documented a higher rate of intervertebral disc degeneration in athletes compared with matched controls. This study aims to analyze the potential role of T1ρ-MRI in the assessment of early degenerative changes occurring in intervertebral discs of young asymptomatic weightlifters compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty-six asymptomatic young male weightlifters versus a sedentary control group matched for age and sex, both having no lower back pain nor any spinal symptoms, underwent MRI (1.5 T). Degenerative grade was assessed using T2-weighted images, according to the Pfirrmann scale. T1ρ mapping and values in the nucleus pulposus (n=130) were obtained. Differences in T1ρ value between among the groups and linear regression analyses with degenerative grade were determined. RESULTS: Pfirrmann degenerative grade did not show significant differences among groups. Instead, T1ρ values were significantly lower in the lumbar spine of weightlifters compared with controls (P<0.05). T1ρ values decreased linearly with degenerative grade. CONCLUSION: T1ρ values were significantly lower in athletes compared with a sedentary matched control group showing differences in intervertebral disc degeneration onset among individuals with lifestyle and environmental factors leading to back pain. T1ρ can be potentially used as a valid clinical tool to identify early changes in intervertebral disc on the verge of new emerging intervertebral discs regenerative strategies and treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

Metallic or bioabsorbable interference screw for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction?

BACKGROUND: Approximately 100,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are performed in the USA each year. Interference screw fixation is considered the standard for rigid fixation of the graft and provides higher fixation strength compared with other devices such as staples or buttons. The present study summarizes the latest evidence comparing the effectiveness of the available classes of interference screws for fixation of ACL grafts. SOURCES: A comprehensive search of the CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase Biomedical databases and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials was performed in March 2013. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Most studies showed no intergroup difference in terms of outcomes measured with validated clinical scores such as IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee), Lysholm score and Tegner activity level. There was no significant difference regarding range of motion. Knee stability as evaluated with pivot shift and KT arthrometer showed a significant difference only in one study, favouring metallic interference screws. Tunnel widening is much more evident and marked patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with bioabsorbable screws, with no influence on the final clinical results achieved. Complication rates between the two screw classes were similar. The average modified Coleman methodology score was 74.67. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY/RESEARCH NEED: The data comparing the outcomes achieved by two different materials for fixation, bioabsorbable and metallic, to be used during single-bundle ACL reconstruction, showed no significant difference in the final patient outcomes, in terms of clinical scores, clinical evaluation and imaging.