Nongated vs electrocardiography-gated CT imaging of blunt aortic root rupture in a trauma patient.

An 18-year-old male, involved in a car accident, underwent a non-gated contrast enhanced CT with apparently no evidence of significant abnormalities of the thoracic aorta. The later onset of aortic valve regurgitation prompted a prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition using a dual-source CT system which showed a tear with a huge pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root. The patient underwent successful urgent conservative surgical repair. CT is the primary screening modality for aortic injuries. Cardiac motion artifacts may hamper sensitivity at the root/ascending aorta level when a non ECG-gated technique is used, thus masking a potentially life-threatening condition. ECG-gated-CT should be mandatorily performed in patients with a high suspicion for an aortic root trauma thus allowing timely repair and avoiding a catastrophic event.

Management of dysphagia in patients affected by multiple sclerosis: state of the art.

Dysphagia in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been found to be far more frequent than expected, and should be considered a dangerous condition from its onset because of its potentially serious complications. Among the several classification scales, we use the "O'Neil severity graduation scale" for its correlation between investigation imaging and patients' symptoms. In this paper we describe our treatment plans of mild, moderate and severe dysphagia following a preliminary assessment of symptoms carried out according to the O'Neil dysphagia graduation scale.