Electronic medical record integration with a database for adult congenital heart disease: Early experience and progress in automating multicenter data collection.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of electronic health records (EHR) has created an opportunity for multicenter data collection, yet the feasibility and reliability of this methodology is unknown. The aim of this study was to integrate EHR data into a homogeneous central repository specifically addressing the field of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). METHODS: Target data variables were proposed and prioritized by consensus of investigators at five target ACHD programs. Database analysts determined which variables were available within their institutions' EHR and stratified their accessibility, and results were compared between centers. Data for patients seen in a single calendar year were extracted to a uniform database and subsequently consolidated. RESULTS: From 415 proposed target variables, only 28 were available in discrete formats at all centers. For variables of highest priority, 16/28 (57%) were available at all four sites, but only 11% for those of high priority. Integration was neither simple nor straightforward. Coding schemes in use for congenital heart diagnoses varied and would require additional user input for accurate mapping. There was considerable variability in procedure reporting formats and medication schemes, often with center-specific modifications. Despite the challenges, the final acquisition included limited data on 2161 patients, and allowed for population analysis of race/ethnicity, defect complexity, and body morphometrics. CONCLUSION: Large-scale multicenter automated data acquisition from EHRs is feasible yet challenging. Obstacles stem from variability in data formats, coding schemes, and adoption of non-standard lists within each EHR. The success of large-scale multicenter ACHD research will require institution-specific data integration efforts.

Clinicians' perspectives on patient satisfaction in adult congenital heart disease clinics--a dimension of health care quality whose time has come.

OBJECTIVES: Patient-centered care and patient satisfaction represent key dimensions of health care quality. This is relevant for the growing number of patients with life-long conditions. In the present study, our goal was to examine clinicians' attitudes and behavior with respect to patient satisfaction in adult congenital heart disease outpatient clinics. METHODS: A 34-question survey was developed to assess adult congenital heart disease clinicians' awareness, attitudes, and behavior relative to patient satisfaction and administered in-person or online to clinicians from the largely U.S.-based Adult Congenital Heart Association's database of adult congenital heart disease health care providers. RESULTS: Overall, 267 questionnaires were filled out: 108 were collected in person (79% response rate) and 159 online (17.5% response rate). Responses were received from physicians (161); nurses (73); physician assistants (20); and others (13). Although 85% of clinicians believed it was important to inquire about patient satisfaction, only 28% reported routinely inquiring about this dimension of care. Only 34% claimed they had adequate training to cope with varying levels of patient satisfaction, 44% stated that their department utilized patient satisfaction surveys, and 37% received feedback from the hospital management in the preceding 12 months. In multivariate analyses, clinicians that received feedback from the hospital management and had adequate training were more likely to inquire about patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Although patient satisfaction is perceived as an important dimension of quality care by adult congenital heart disease clinicians, most of them reported insufficient institutional support to achieve this. Our findings suggest that clinicians would benefit from health care organizations engaging them in the delivery of this dimension of health care quality.

Improving heart disease knowledge and research participation in adults with congenital heart disease (the Health, Education and Access Research Trial: HEART-ACHD).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective multi-center study was to evaluate heart disease knowledge within the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) population, pilot an educational intervention and assess interest in research participation among new patients at ACHD clinics. BACKGROUND: Many adults with congenital heart disease lack knowledge about their heart condition that may contribute to undesirable outcomes. METHODS: Patients ≥18 years of age were recruited upon their first presentation to an ACHD clinic and underwent an educational intervention consisting of creation of a personal health information 'passport' and an introduction to web-based resources. Subjects were asked to complete initial and follow-up surveys documenting their perceived knowledge. RESULTS: Nine hundred twenty-two subjects were recruited from 12 ACHD centers, and 520 (57%) completed follow-up surveys. Patients who completed the follow-up survey were more likely to be women, have more education, and have mild heart disease. At follow-up, the ability of the subjects to name their heart condition improved (78% to 83%, p=0.002). Improvements were seen in mean Likert items regarding perceived knowledge of appropriate exercise (p<0.0001), symptoms of heart rhythm problems or endocarditis (p<0.0001), reasons for cardiac tests (p<0.007), and birth control options and pregnancy safety (p<0.0001). On follow-up, subjects reported a better understanding of medical research (p<0.01), and higher interest in research participation (p<0.003). CONCLUSION: This joint clinician-patient pilot program will help inform future efforts toward patient education and participation in research with a focus on standardization of protocols for life-long longitudinal follow-up and continued multi-center collaboration in the ACHD population.

Prevalence and predictors of gaps in care among adult congenital heart disease patients: HEART-ACHD (The Health, Education, and Access Research Trial).

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this project was to quantify the prevalence of gaps in cardiology care, identify predictors of gaps, and assess barriers to care among adult congenital heart disease (adult CHD) patients. BACKGROUND: Adult CHD patients risk interruptions in care that are associated with undesired outcomes. METHODS: Patients (18 years of age and older) with their first presentation to an adult CHD clinic completed a survey regarding gaps in, and barriers to, care. RESULTS: Among 12 adult CHD centers, 922 subjects (54% female) were recruited. A >3-year gap in cardiology care was identified in 42%, with 8% having gaps longer than a decade. Mean age at the first gap was 19.9 years. The majority of respondents had more than high school education and knew their heart condition. The most common reasons for gaps included feeling well, being unaware that follow-up was required, and complete absence from medical care. Disease complexity was predictive of a gap in care with 59% of mild, 42% of moderate, and 26% of severe disease subjects reporting gaps (p < 0.0001). Clinic location significantly predicted gaps (p < 0.0001), whereas sex, race, and education level did not. Common reasons for returning to care were new symptoms, referral from provider, and desire to prevent problems. CONCLUSIONS: Adult CHD patients have gaps in cardiology care; the first lapse commonly occurred at age ∼19 years, a time when transition to adult services is contemplated. Gaps were more common among subjects with mild and moderate diagnoses and at particular locations. These results provide a framework for developing strategies to decrease gaps and address barriers to care in the adult CHD population.