Haplotypes in the GC, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 Genes and Biomarkers of Bone Mineral Metabolism in Older Adults.

Candidate gene studies have analyzed the effect of specific vitamin D pathway genes on vitamin D availability; however, it is not clear whether genetic variants also affect overall bone metabolism. This study evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in GC, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 and serum levels of total 25(OH)D, iPTH and other mineral metabolism biomarkers (albumin, total calcium and phosphorus) in a sample of 273 older Spanish adults. We observed a significant difference between CYP2R1 rs10741657 codominant model and total 25(OH)D levels after adjusting them by gender (p = 0.024). In addition, the two SNPs in the GC gene (rs4588 and rs2282679) were identified significantly associated with iPTH and creatinine serum levels. In the case of phosphorus, we observed an association with GC SNPs in dominant model. We found a relationship between haplotype 2 and 25(OH)D levels, haplotype 4 and iPTH serum levels and haplotype 7 and phosphorus levels. In conclusion, genetic variants in CYP2R1 and GC could be predictive of 25(OH)D and iPTH serum levels, respectively, in older Caucasian adults. The current study confirmed the role of iPTH as one of the most sensitive biomarkers of vitamin D activity in vivo.

Muscular Strength and Quality of Life in Older Adults: The Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism.

As longevity is increasing, the 65-year-old and older population is projected to increase in the next decades, as are the consequences of age-related muscle deterioration on the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of the ACTN3R577X polymorphism with quality of life and muscular strength in an older Spanish population. In total, 281 older adults participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, chronic diseases, prescribed medications, quality of life, hand grip strength, and physical activity and nutritional status data were collected. ACTN3 R577X genotyping was determined using Taqman probes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed in adjusted model that, in men, the ACTN3 R577X genotype was significantly associated with hand grip strength (HGS), regression coefficient (ß) = 1.23, p = 0.008, dimension 1 of the five-dimension questionnaire EuroQoL (EQ-5D, mobility), (ß) = -1.44, p = 0.006, and clinical group risk (CGR) category (ß) = -1.38, p = 0.006. In women, a marginal association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and the CGR category was observed, with a regression coefficient of (ß) = -0.97, (p = 0.024). Our findings suggest that the ACTN3 R577X genotype may influence the decline in muscle strength and quality of life in older Spanish adult males.

Mishel's Model of Uncertainty Describing Categories and Subcategories in Fibromyalgia Patients, a Scoping Review.

The aim of this review was to demonstrate the presence of categories and subcategories of Mishel's model in the experiences of patients with fibromyalgia by reviewing qualitative studies. Uncertainty is defined as the inability to determine the meaning of disease-related events. A scoping review of qualitative studies was carried out. Twenty articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 58 patients. Articles from different countries and continents were included. Three categories of the model and eight subcategories could be shown to be present in the experiences of fibromyalgia patients through the scoping review. The first category, concerning antecedents of uncertainty in patients with fibromyalgia, is constituted by the difficulty in coping with symptoms, uncertainty about the diagnosis and uncertainty about the complexity of the treatment. The second concerns the cognitive process of anxiety, stress, emotional disorder and social stigma. The third category refers to coping with the disease, through the management of social and family support and the relationship with health care professionals.

The antioxidants in the process of ocular pathology / Los antioxidantes en el proceso de patologías oculares

Introduction: The influence of antioxidants on ocular processes has taken on a significant importance in recent years for its effects on visual health. Oxidative stress is a factor involved in the development of major pathologies such as cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objective: To establish the scientific evidence that exists about the different types of antioxidants and their effects on ocular pathological processes through a systematic review. Methods: Literature search in MEDLINE, Scielo and Cochrane for studies evaluating the use of antioxidants in the prevention and/or treatment of eye diseases. Selected randomized controlled clinical trials over the past 7 years were selected. Results: The relationship between different types of antioxidants, vitamin E, C, beta carotene, zinc, lutein, anthocyanins and carotenoids, suggests a positive relationship with the risk and progression of AMD and glaucoma parameters, indicating a lower risk of the disease due to an increased consumption of antioxidants in the diet. Initial reports suggest a potential role for diet modification in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma primarily, not evidencing for the prevention of cataract. Conclusions: Promoting adequate consumption of antioxidants in the diet can prevent and protect against highly prevalent eye diseases. The antioxidants of the group of vitamins are the most studied so far in the ocular pathologies. More clinical trials are needed to establish these relationships more precisely.

Introducción: la influencia de los antioxidantes en los procesos oculares ha tomado en los últimos años una relevancia importante por sus efectos en la salud visual. El estrés oxidativo es un factor implicado en el desarrollo de las principales patologías tales como cataratas, glaucoma y degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE). Objetivo: establecer la evidencia científica que existe sobre los distintos tipos de antioxidantes y sus efectos en procesos patológicos oculares mediante una revisión sistemática. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, Scielo y Cochrane de estudios que evalúan la utilización de antioxidantes en la prevención y/o tratamiento de las enfermedades oculares. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados publicados en los últimos 7 años. Resultados: la relación entre distintos tipos de antioxidantes, vitamina E, C, betacaroteno, zinc, luteína, antocianinas y carotenoides, sugiere una relación positiva ante el riesgo y progresión de DMAE y parámetros del glaucoma, indicando un menor riesgo de la enfermedad ante un mayor consumo de antioxidantes en la dieta. Informes iniciales sugieren un papel potencial para la modificación de la dieta en el tratamiento de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad y glaucoma principalmente, no evidenciándose para la prevención de la catarata. Conclusiones: promover el consumo adecuado de antioxidantes en la dieta puede prevenir y proteger frente a patologías oculares de gran prevalencia. Los antioxidantes del grupo de vitaminas son los más estudiados hasta el momento en las patologías oculares. Es necesario llevar a cabo más ensayos clínicos para establecer de forma más precisa estas relaciones.

Los antioxidantes en el proceso de patologías oculares / The antioxidants in the process of ocular pathology

Introducción: la influencia de los antioxidantes en los procesos oculares ha tomado en los últimos años una relevancia importante por sus efectos en la salud visual. El estrés oxidativo es un factor implicado en el desarrollo de las principales patologías tales como cataratas, glaucoma y degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE). Objetivo: establecer la evidencia científica que existe sobre los distintos tipos de antioxidantes y sus efectos en procesos patológicos oculares mediante una revisión sistemática. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, Scielo y Cochrane de estudios que evalúan la utilización de antioxidantes en la prevención y/o tratamiento de las enfermedades oculares. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados publicados en los últimos 7 años. Resultados: la relación entre distintos tipos de antioxidantes, vitamina E, C, betacaroteno, zinc, luteína, antocianinas y carotenoides, sugiere una relación positiva ante el riesgo y progresión de DMAE y parámetros del glaucoma, indicando un menor riesgo de la enfermedad ante un mayor consumo de antioxidantes en la dieta. Informes iniciales sugieren un papel potencial para la modificación de la dieta en el tratamiento de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad y glaucoma principalmente, no evidenciándose para la prevención de la catarata. Conclusiones: promover el consumo adecuado de antioxidantes en la dieta puede prevenir y proteger frente a patologías oculares de gran prevalencia. Los antioxidantes del grupo de vitaminas son los más estudiados hasta el momento en las patologías oculares. Es necesario llevar a cabo más ensayos clínicos para establecer de forma más precisa estas relaciones (AU)

Introduction: The influence of antioxidants on ocular processes has taken on a significant importance in recent years for its effects on visual health. Oxidative stress is a factor involved in the development of major pathologies such as cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objective: To establish the scientific evidence that exists about the different types of antioxidants and their effects on ocular pathological processes through a systematic review. Methods: Literature search in MEDLINE, Scielo and Cochrane for studies evaluating the use of antioxidants in the prevention and/or treatment of eye diseases. Selected randomized controlled clinical trials over the past 7 years were selected. Results: The relationship between different types of antioxidants, vitamin E, C, beta carotene, zinc, lutein, anthocyanins and carotenoids, suggests a positive relationship with the risk and progression of AMD and glaucoma parameters, indicating a lower risk of the disease due to an increased consumption of antioxidants in the diet. Initial reports suggest a potential role for diet modification in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma primarily, not evidencing for the prevention of cataract. Conclusions: Promoting adequate consumption of antioxidants in the diet can prevent and protect against highly prevalent eye diseases. The antioxidants of the group of vitamins are the most studied so far in the ocular pathologies. More clinical trials are needed to establish these relationships more precisely (AU)