DFT insights into LaFeO3 with Mn substitution: A promising path to energy-efficient magneto-optical applications.

In recent years, the demand for electronic materials has significantly increased, driven by industrial needs and the pursuit of cost-efficient alternatives. This comprehensive study investigates the effects of Mn substitution on LaFeO3 through the implementation of the GGA approach in density functional theory. The research findings demonstrate remarkable consistency with the experimental outcomes reported in the existing literature pertaining to the studied compounds. However, this study unveils novel insights into the mechanical and optical characteristics of the doped structures, which have not been previously reported. The structural stability is rigorously examined through multiple stability criteria, encompassing structural optimization, tests of elastic stability, and enthalpy of formation calculations. Furthermore, the electronic and optical properties of the compounds exhibit exceptional improvements in conductivity and reflectivity as a result of the doping process. The band structure analysis reveals the presence of a Moss-Burstein shift. Investigation of the magnetic properties indicates an increase in the magnetic moment value due to the Fe-Mn degeneracy resulting from increased Mn content. Mechanical analysis of the elastic moduli B, G, and Y demonstrates an enhanced strength and metal-like conductivity, attributed to the induced anharmonicity. Moreover, the internal strain factor suggests a higher degree of bond flexibility, implying potential applications of these compounds in flexible electronics.

Thyroid cytopathology: updates and molecular testing.

The utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) is well described in the context of evaluating thyroid lesions. Among the various international systems of classification of thyroid cytology, the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has also provided a sound framework to standardize the reporting of FNA cytology results. New molecular evidence and clinical studies demonstrated the need for revision of the nomenclature resulting in introduction of new categories, such as the noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Indeterminate thyroid cytology results pose a challenge for further management and the continued development of molecular markers may aid in the management of indeterminate thyroid lesions.

Cytologic features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas: a single institutional experience based on evaluation of diagnostic utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is an important modality for diagnosing solid and cystic pancreatic lesions. The objectives of this retrospective study are to review the cytologic criteria used to diagnose pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) and to evaluate the utility of EUS-FNA by correlating cytologic and histologic samples. CASE REVIEWS: Of the 924 pancreatic FNAs performed at our institution from January 2002 through February 2013, four histologically confirmed cases of SPN were identified; three had an initial cytologic diagnosis of SPN. All four cases lacked on-site evaluation. Cytologic smears were assessed by two reviewers for the presence of a cellular aspirate, fibrovascular stalks lined by neoplastic cells with pale to finely granular cytoplasm, and monotonous, oval nuclei containing delicate chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and grooves and inclusions. Three cases were diagnosed as SPN on cytologic examination and confirmed histologically. The remaining case was deemed a pancreatic endocrine neoplasm on cytology, but SPN on final histology. The most consistent cytologic feature we encountered was the presence of a cellular aspirate containing fibrovascular stalks lined by monotonous neoplastic cells with oval nuclei and nuclear grooves. CONCLUSION: We conclude that EUS-FNA is an effective diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of pancreatic SPNs.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour: a rare entity with wide differential diagnosis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare, distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm. Grossly, it appears as a circumscribed mass with a rubbery to firm cut surface. Microscopically, it is characterized by a spindle cell proliferation within a myxoid stroma with admixed plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils. Immunohistochemical staining is usually positive for vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). ALK gene rearrangement is present in approximately 50-70% IMTs. The standard treatment is surgical resection, and it is essential to differentiate IMT from benign and malignant mimickers so that appropriate therapy may be provided. Clinical and radiological follow-up is required to detect recurrence.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: a rare malignant odontogenic tumor.

INTRODUCTION: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor. It can arise de novo, however one-third of cases may arise from a recurrent ameloblastic fibroma, in which case they appear to present at an older age. CASE REPORT: A 16-year-old female presented with one month history of right mandibular mass. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a large destructive mass. A biopsy of the mass was performed. Histologically, it consisted of a mixed epithelial-mesenchymal odontogenic neoplasm composed of benign islands of well-differentiated ameloblastic epithelium within a malignant fibrous stroma consisting of spindle cells or fibroblasts with a brisk mitotic activity. The malignant spindle cell proliferation showed positive staining with p-53 and a high proliferation index with ki-67. A diagnosis of AFS was rendered. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis includes other odontogenic sarcomas, ameloblastic carcinosarcoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Treatment of choice is wide surgical excision, with long-term follow-up. Postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been used successfully in a few reported cases. AFS is a locally aggressive malignant tumor, with regional and distant metastases being uncommon.

Histopathological, histogenetic, and immunohistochemical analysis of epidermoid cyst of spleen.

Splenic cysts are encountered not uncommonly, but large cysts occupying a significant portion of the spleen are extremely rare. We report a case of a young female patient presenting with a large epidermoid cyst involving the majority of the spleen. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained multiple rib fractures and traumatic internal organ injuries. She subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy for grade III splenic lacerations. Incidentally, a 13.3 cm in greatest dimension splenic cyst replacing the majority of the splenic parenchyma was identified. Grossly, the inner lining of cyst was gray-white, smooth, and glistening. Histologically, the thick fibrous cyst wall was composed of stratified squamous epithelium, scattered foci of which were denuded. A panel of properly-controlled immunohistochemical stains was performed and showed the squamous epithelium to be strongly and diffusely immunoreactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and cytokeratin 5/6, focally immunoreactive with HBME-1, and negative for calretinin. The histomorphological features and immunohistochemical staining pattern were consistent with a diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen.

Role of on-site microscopic evaluation of kidney biopsy for adequacy and allocation of glomeruli: comparison of renal biopsies with and without on-site microscopic evaluation.

Evaluation of kidney core biopsies ideally begins with on-site microscopic examination for adequacy and allocation of tissue for light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF) and electron microscopy (EM). However, some renal biopsies are not microscopically evaluated by a pathologist at the time of procedure, and are allocated without on-site evaluation. This study compares the actual outcome of these two techniques. We reviewed the reports of patients who underwent kidney biopsy for medical causes in the past two years. Eighty-eight biopsies had on-site microscopic evaluation by pathologists, and 70 biopsies did not undergo on-site evaluation. For biopsies without on-site evaluation, no glomeruli were seen in 5 (7.14%) cases for LM, 11 (15.71%) cases for IF and 6 (8.57%) cases for EM. In cases with on-site evaluation, the absence of glomeruli was identified in 1 (1.13%) case for LM, 3 (3.4%) for IF and 3 (3.4%) for EM. The biopsies with on-site microscopic evaluation had 5.68% of the cases considered as inadequate, while 22% of biopsies without on-site evaluation were considered inadequate. The biopsies with on-site evaluation tended to have more glomeruli obtained during the procedure (p < 0.0005). Without on-site evaluation, the likelihood of getting an inadequate specimen compared to on-site evaluation is nearly four times greater.

Intractable hiccups: a rare presentation of phrenic nerve schwannoma.

INTRODUCTION: Schwannoma rarely involves the phrenic nerve. We report a unique case of schwannoma as a cause of chronic hiccups due to the involvement of phrenic nerve. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old male presented with 20-year history of hiccups. He underwent multiple esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedures, all of which were negative. A computed tomography (CT-scan) of soft tissue of the neck was remarkable for left retrosternal mass with central calcification, located adjacent to the thyroid gland. He underwent surgery and this mass was found to be originating from the left phrenic nerve. Resection of the portion of phrenic nerve with mass was performed. Grossly, the specimen was a pale-tan piece of soft tissue, 4.8 cm in maximum dimension with an attached portion of nerve. Microscopically, it showed a well-circumscribed spindle cell lesion with hypercellular and hypocellular areas and multiple Verocay bodies. There was no atypia or significant mitotic activity. On immunohistochemical staining, the spindle cells were positive for S-100, supporting the diagnosis of schwannoma. CONCLUSION: Postoperatively, the patient showed marked improvement in his symptoms and the hiccups were almost completely resolved. Although they are very rare, schwannomas of the phrenic nerve should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic hiccups.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma with characteristic morphology and immunohistochemical staining pattern.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is newly-defined entity initially believed to be associated with end stage renal disease. We report a rare case of this neoplasm in a 70-year-old female patient with no known history of end-stage renal disease who presented with haematuria lasting several days. After initial workup, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and revealed a cystic mass in the right kidney. Material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the mass was felt to be suspicious for renal cell carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent right nephrectomy, and the lesional tissue was examined microscopically. A 2.3 cm in greatest dimension cystic space circumscribed by a fibrous wall was surfaced by a single layer of bland cuboidal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. The solid component of the tumour consisted of branching papillae with delicate fibrovascular cores and uniformly lined by cells similar to those of the inner wall of the cyst. Some of the fibrovascular cores were markedly expanded by a myxoid-appearing substance, but no foamy cells were appreciated. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were diffusely immunoreactive with cytokeratin 7 (CK7), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK) and vimentin. Neoplastic cells were only focally immunoreactive with CD10, and were negative for both p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) (P504S). The cytomorphological features and immunohistochemical staining pattern of this tumour was consistent with that of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC), as described by Gobbo et al.