An audit of HIV testing practice in people aged 50 years and over presenting with a known clinical indicator condition in secondary care.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate HIV testing of patients aged ≥50 years presenting to secondary care with clinical indicator conditions (CICs) for HIV. METHODS: Retrospective audit of electronic records for patients aged ≥50 years discharged from hospital between January 1st and July 31st 2019 who had at least one documented CIC. Patient demographics and HIV testing data were collected from clinical systems (excluding sexual health databases). RESULTS: 2478 patients with a CIC were identified. 222 (9.0%) received an HIV test within 31 days of discharge. Patients receiving a test were significantly younger (mean 68.6 versus 75.3 years; P < 0.001) and significantly more men underwent testing than women (60.4% versus 39.6%; P = 0.001). 32 CICs were identified across nine disease systems. By system, those with a haematological CIC were significantly more likely to undergo testing compared with all other CICs combined (P < 0.001). Of individual CICs, patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatitis C, neutropenia, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia of unknown origin and thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), and seborrhoeic dermatitis, hepatitis B, other unexplained blood dyscrasia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (P < 0.05) were more likely to undergo testing than those presenting with other CICs. Patients with dementia and lung cancer were less likely to undergo testing (P < 0.001). Patients presenting with a greater number of CICs were significantly more likely to undergo testing (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: HIV testing among patients aged ≥50 years presenting to secondary care with a CIC is low. Work is needed to improve HIV testing practice in this patient group.

Large-scale synthesis of Notum inhibitor 1-(2,4-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (ARUK3001185) employing a modified Sakai reaction as the key step.

1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole 1 (ARUK3001185) was prepared on large scale from aniline 4 by application of both (1) a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with (trimethylsilyl)acetylene, and (2) a Clark modification of the Sakai reaction. The one-pot Sakai-Clark method with (MeO)2CHCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NNHTos (2b) proved to be superior as it was operationally simple, metal-free, and avoided the use of aryl azide 7. The Sakai-Clark method has been reliably performed on large scale to produce >100 g of 1 in good efficiency and high purity.

Humanization of critical care-psychological effects on healthcare professionals and relatives: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To systematically review and evaluate the effects of humanized care of the critically ill on empathy among healthcare professionals, anxiety among relatives, and burnout and compassion fatigue in both groups. SOURCE: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ProQuest Dissertations were searched from inception to 29 June 2017 for studies that investigated the effects of interventions with potential to humanize care of the critically ill on the following outcomes: empathy among critical care professionals, anxiety among relatives, and burnout and compassion fatigue in either group. We defined a humanizing intervention as one with substantial potential to increase physical or emotional proximity to the patient. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and data quality. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Twelve studies addressing four discrete interventions (liberal visitation, diaries, family participation in basic care, and witnessed resuscitation) and one mixed intervention were included. Ten studies measured anxiety among 1,055 relatives. Two studies measured burnout in 288 critical care professionals. None addressed empathy or compassion fatigue. Eleven of the included studies had an overall high risk of bias. No pooled estimates of effect were calculated as a priori criteria for data synthesis were not met. CONCLUSIONS: We found insufficient evidence to make any quantitative assessment of the effect of humanizing interventions on any of these psychologic outcomes. We observed a trend towards reduced anxiety among family members who participated in basic patient care, liberal visitation, and diary keeping. We found conflicting effects of liberal visitation on burnout among healthcare professionals.

"Let's Sit Forward": Investigating Interprofessional Communication, Collaboration, Professional Roles, and Physical Space at EmergiCare.

Communication is key to hospital emergency department (ED) caregiving. Interventions in ED processes (and health care organizing in general) have struggled when they have ignored the professional role expectations that enable and constrain providers with patients and each other. Informed by a communication as design (CAD) approach, this study explored the intersections of professional roles, physical space, and communication at EmergiCare-an academic medical center and level-1 trauma center hospital. Based on an ethnographic analysis of field notes from 70 hours of shadowing at the EmergiCare ED, this study identified two specific communication patterns, "case talk" and "comfort talk," that reflect different logics for communication in health care organizing. The findings indicate (a) that case and comfort talk have different status and therefore different influence in EmergiCare ED interprofessional communication and (b) that the arrangement of physical space at EmergiCare ED reflects the requirements of case talk more so than comfort talk. These findings have important implications for theory and practice, including the importance of considering the macro-discursive construction of professional roles reified in the arrangement of work space.

The origins of the British Red Cross Society and the politics and practices of relief in war, 1870-1906 / Los orígenes de la Sociedad de la Cruz Roja Británica y las políticas y prácticas del socorro en guerra (1870-1906)

This article traces the history of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS), and its interventions in Continental and colonial wars of the late-nineteenth century. The NAS was founded on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in August 1870. It went on to become one of the most important founding members of the British Red Cross Society (BRCS) when it was established in 1905. The aim of the article is to uncover the particular anxieties and aspirations that contributed to the foundation of the NAS. It demonstrates how these concerns - many of them related to the relative state of the British military - informed its subsequent practices and its relationship with the International Committee of the Red Cross. In tracing its emergence as a paramilitary corps adept at rapid-response emergency medicine, this article uncovers the rivalry that characterized attempts within the NAS and BRCS to lay claim to the "true spirit" of voluntary aid in war - a rivalry which eventually informed British insistence on a revision to the Geneva Convention in 1906 (AU)

Este artículo rastrea la historia de la British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS) y sus intervenciones en las guerras europeas y coloniales de finales del siglo XIX. La NAS se fundó con el estallido de la Guerra Franco-Prusiana en agosto de 1870. Acabó convirtiéndose en uno de los miembros fundadores más importantes de la Sociedad de la Cruz Roja Británica (BRCS) cuando se estableció en 1905. El propósito del artículo es mostrar las peculiares inquietudes y aspiraciones que contribuyeron a la fundación de la NAS. Demuestra cómo estas preocupaciones - muchas de ellas asociadas al status de los militares británicos - condicionaron sus prácticas subsiguientes y sus relaciones con el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja. Al rastrear el surgimiento de la NAS como un cuerpo paramilitar experto en urgencias médicas de respuesta rápida, este artículo pone de manifiesto la rivalidad que caracterizó los intentos dentro de la NAS y de la BRCS por atribuirse el "verdadero espíritu" de la ayuda voluntaria en la guerra - una rivalidad que propició la insistencia británica en revisar la Convención de Ginebra en 1906 (AU)