RESUMO
Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatment is a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. The technique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.
Assuntos
Cryptosporidium , Microbiologia da Água , Purificação da Água/métodos , Animais , Criptosporidiose/prevenção & controle , Criptosporidiose/transmissão , Humanos , OocistosRESUMO
Cryptosporidium es uno de los microorganismos de mayor interés desde el punto de vista de la Salud Pública y constituye un problema prioritario para las plantas y organismos reguladores de agua. Debido a su pequeño tamaño y a su resistencia a la cloración, la eliminación por el proceso de potabilización es una tarea compleja. En este trabajo se analizó la efectividad de distintos coagulantes utilizados comúnmente en tal proceso para lograr la remoción de los ooquistes. Se trabajó con la prueba de jarras (Jar Test). Se halló que: 1) Los coagulantes con agregado de polímeros coadyuvantes producen remociones de ooquistes superiores a 2 log. 2) Un valor bajo de turbiedad no asegura una remoción óptima de los parásitos. 3) La adición de polielectrolitos al cloruro férrico disminuye la variabilidad tanto en la turbiedad final como en la eliminación de Cryptosporidium.
Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatmentis a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. Thetechnique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Cryptosporidium , Microbiologia da Água , Purificação da Água/métodos , Criptosporidiose/prevenção & controle , Criptosporidiose/transmissão , OocistosRESUMO
Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatment is a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. The technique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.
RESUMO
The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo Tomé cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100% of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92% of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72% (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31% (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.
Assuntos
Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Água Doce/parasitologia , Giardia/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição da Água , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Piscinas , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo TomÚ cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100 of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92 of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72 (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31 (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.
Assuntos
Animais , Água Doce/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium , Giardia , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição da Água , Argentina , Enterococcus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Estações do Ano , Streptococcus , Piscinas , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo TomU cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100 of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92 of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72 (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31 (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Água Doce/parasitologia , Giardia/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição da Água , Argentina/epidemiologia , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Piscinas , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo Tomé cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100
of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92
of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72
(< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31
(< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.
RESUMO
During the last years, cryptosporidiosis has been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal disease. According to different references, water has been an important vehicle responsible for the transmission in many epidemic outbreaks. The high number of oocysts eliminated by human and animal hosts, as well as low infectious dose and its resistance to desinfectants are some factors which contribute to the infectious risk. It has been also pointed that bacteriologically acceptable water may contain parasites. In order to minimize such risks, it is desirable to protect the water supplies and to use multiple barriers (coagulation, sedimentation and filtration) in drinking water treatment. The aim of this work is to provide information about the different aspects conditioning the presence of Cryptosporidium in drinking water.
Assuntos
Cryptosporidium/fisiologia , Água/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/transmissão , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Poluição da Água , Purificação da Água/métodos , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
During the last years, cryptosporidiosis has been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal disease. According to different references, water has been an important vehicle responsible for the transmission in many epidemic outbreaks. The high number of oocysts eliminated by human and animal hosts, as well as low infectious dose and its resistance to desinfectants are some factors which contribute to the infectious risk. It has been also pointed that bacteriologically acceptable water may contain parasites. In order to minimize such risks, it is desirable to protect the water supplies and to use multiple barriers (coagulation, sedimentation and filtration) in drinking water treatment. The aim of this work is to provide information about the different aspects conditioning the presence of Cryptosporidium in drinking water.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Cryptosporidium , Água , Argentina , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose , Fezes , Contaminação de Alimentos , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Medição de Risco , Poluição da Água , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
During the last years, cryptosporidiosis has been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal disease. According to different references, water has been an important vehicle responsible for the transmission in many epidemic outbreaks. The high number of oocysts eliminated by human and animal hosts, as well as low infectious dose and its resistance to desinfectants are some factors which contribute to the infectious risk. It has been also pointed that bacteriologically acceptable water may contain parasites. In order to minimize such risks, it is desirable to protect the water supplies and to use multiple barriers (coagulation, sedimentation and filtration) in drinking water treatment. The aim of this work is to provide information about the different aspects conditioning the presence of Cryptosporidium in drinking water.(AU)
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Cryptosporidium/fisiologia , Água/parasitologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/transmissão , Fezes/parasitologia , Contaminação de Alimentos , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Poluição da Água , Purificação da Água/métodos , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
During the last years, cryptosporidiosis has been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal disease. According to different references, water has been an important vehicle responsible for the transmission in many epidemic outbreaks. The high number of oocysts eliminated by human and animal hosts, as well as low infectious dose and its resistance to desinfectants are some factors which contribute to the infectious risk. It has been also pointed that bacteriologically acceptable water may contain parasites. In order to minimize such risks, it is desirable to protect the water supplies and to use multiple barriers (coagulation, sedimentation and filtration) in drinking water treatment. The aim of this work is to provide information about the different aspects conditioning the presence of Cryptosporidium in drinking water.
